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Armenian eternity sign

January 07, 2023

The Armenian eternity sign (⟨֎ ֍⟩, Armenian: Յաւերժութեան Նշան, romanized: haverzhut’yan nshan) or Arevakhach (Արեւախաչ, "Sun Cross") is an ancient Armenian national symbol and a symbol of the national identity of the Armenian people.[1] It is one of the most common symbols in Armenian architecture,[2][3] carved on khachkars and on walls of churches.

Armenian Sun Cross (Arevakhach)

Evolution and use

In medieval Armenian culture, the eternity sign symbolized the concept of everlasting, celestial life.[4] Since the 5th century, it appeared on Armenian steles; later it became part of khachkar symbolism.[5] Around the 8th century the use of the Armenian symbol of eternity had become a long established national iconographical practice,[6] and it has kept its meaning in modern times.[7] Besides being one of the main components of khachkars,[8] it can be found on church walls,[9][10][11] tomb stones and other architectural monuments.[12][13][14][15][16] Notable churches with the eternity sign include the Mashtots Hayrapet Church of Garni,[17] Horomayr Monastery,[18] Nor Varagavank,[19] Tsitsernavank Monastery.[20] An identical symbol appears in the reliefs of the Divriği Great Mosque and Hospital,[21] and is likely a borrowing from earlier Armenian churches of the area. It can also be found on Armenian manuscripts.

The eternity sign is used on the logos of government agencies and on commemorative coins,[22] as well as Armenian government agencies and non-government organizations and institutions in Armenia and the Armenian diaspora.[23]

The symbol is also used by Armenian neopagan organizations and their followers. It is called by them "Arevakhach" (Արեւախաչ, "sun cross").[24]

ArmSCII and UNICODE

 
The right- and left-facing Armeternity unicode font glyphs

In ArmSCII, Armenian Standard Code for Information Interchange, an Armenian eternity sign has been encoded in 7-bit and 8-bit standard and ad hoc encodings since at least 1987. In 2010 the Armenian National Institute of Standards suggested encoding an Armenian Eternity sign in the Unicode character set,[25] and both left-facing ⟨֎⟩ and right-facing ⟨֍⟩ Armenian eternity signs were included in Unicode version 7.0 when it was released in June 2014.[26]

Font glyphs
 
Regular
 
Italic
 
Bold
 
Bold Italic
 

Gallery

Churches
Modern statues and sculptures
Logos

See also

References

  1. ^ Armenian Eternity Sign December 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, IT Development Support Council of the Government Prime Minister of Armenia December 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Workgroup of Language & Culture, 2010 December 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
    From page Prehistory of the Armenian Dram and Armenian eternity signs of National institute of Standards of Armenia.
  2. ^ Jacob G. Ghazarian (2006), The Mediterranean legacy in early Celtic Christianity: a journey from Armenia to Ireland, Bennett & Bloom, pp. 263, p. 171 "... Quite a different version of the Celtic triskelion, and perhaps the most common pre-Christian symbolism found throughout Armenian cultural tradition, is the round clockwise (occasionally counter-clockwise) whirling sun-like spiral fixed at a centre—the Armenian symbol of eternity."
  3. ^ K. B. Mehr, M. Markow, Mormon Missionaries enter Eastern Europe, Brigham Young University Press, 2002, pp. 399, p. 252 "... She viewed a tall building with spires and circular windows along the top of the walls. It was engraved with sun stones, a typical symbol of eternity in ancient Armenian architecture."
  4. ^ Bauer-Manndorff, Elisabeth (1981). Armenia: Past and Present. Reich Verlag. p. 89. The circle, as a line returning upon itself, represented perfection. Having neither beginning, nor end, it was the symbol of eternity. The architects expressed the concept of everlasting, celestial life in the knowledge of the presence and effect of the divine power by sphere.
  5. ^ N. Sahakyan/ Armenian Highland: / RAU Press. 2006, page 150(349)
  6. ^ Jacob G. Ghazarian (2006), The Mediterranean legacy in early Celtic Christianity: a journey from Armenia to Ireland, Bennett & Bloom, pp. 263, p. 186 "The eighth, or ninth, century date of this two examples of Irish stone crosses places them chronologically well after the carving of stone crosses in Armenia and the use of the Armenian symbol of eternity had become a long established national iconographical practice."
  7. ^ Zarian, A. K. (1989). "Խաչքարերի խորհրդանշաններին և միթրայականությանը վերաբերող պատկերագրական հարցեր [Iconographical Problems Concerning Symbols of Khatchkars and Cult of Mithra]". Patma-Banasirakan Handes (in Armenian). Yerevan: Armenian National Academy of Sciences (1): 202–219. ISSN 0135-0536.
  8. ^ The government of Armenia, The list of non-material cultural heritage of Armenia, 2010, p. 15
  9. ^ R. Kartashyan, «Architectural complex of Khoranashat» 2013-10-02 at the Wayback Machine, The journal of social sciences №4, Yerevan, 1986, pp. 42–52
  10. ^ Hayden Herrera (2005), Arshile Gorky: His Life and Work, Macmillan, pp. 784
  11. ^ Károly Gink, Károly Gombos, Armenia: landscape and architecture, Corvina Press, 1974
  12. ^ Nicolas Holding (2011), Armenia, Bradt Travel Guides, pp 312, p. 130, 148
  13. ^ G. Sargsyan, U. Melkonyan, Litographical sketches – 2 2021-06-28 at the Wayback Machine, Historico-phylological journal of Armenian Academy of sciences, № 3, 2012, p. 101
  14. ^ R. L. Khachatryan, Russian academy of Art, Rudolg Khachatryan: high-dimensional objects, Galart, 2002, p. 13
  15. ^ Armenia Today, vol. 5–6, Yerevan, 1982, p. 4
  16. ^ G. Karakhanyan, «Medieval domesstic reliefs of Armenia» 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, The journal of social sciences, №8, Yerevan, 1975, pp. 31–47
  17. ^ see image of the dome
  18. ^ Manoucharian, A. A. (1979). . Patma-Banasirakan Handes (in Armenian). Yerevan: Armenian National Academy of Sciences (4): 268. Archived from the original on 2014-10-25. Retrieved 2013-10-03. Երկու զարդեր են քանդակված կամարների ներսի կողմի վերնամասում։ Մեկը պատկերում Է հավերժության նշան, կազմված գնդաձև ուռուցիկ մակերեսին սփռված ելունդավոր գծերով։
  19. ^ Kartashian, Hrach. . Patma-Banasirakan Handes (in Armenian). Yerevan: Armenian National Academy of Sciences (7): 65. ISSN 0320-8117. Archived from the original on 2014-10-25. Retrieved 2013-10-03. Պսակ-գոտու անմիջապես վերևով անցնում է եզան և կտցահարող թռչունների, նռնենու տեսքով կենաց ծառի, զամբյուղների, վարդյակի և հավերժության նշանի պատկերներով քանդակաշարք, որն ունի գաղափարական որոշակի իմաստ:
  20. ^ Asratyan M., Tsitsernavank 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, Historico-phylological journal of Armenian Academy of sciences, № 2, 1980, p. 50
  21. ^ The Great Mosque and Hospital of Divriği, Genel Bilgi photo gallery
  22. ^
    • (PDF). Central Bank of Armenia. 24 January 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 October 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2013. see the image of the coin
    • "Հայաստանի Հանրապետության Կառավարության 2002 Թվականի Հունվարի 7-ի N 6 Որոշման Մեջ Փոփոխություններ Կատարելու Մասին". Armenian Legal Information System. 18 April 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2013., see the logo of the Customs Service of Armenia
    • The Council of the city Yerevan, the seal of Yerevan, 2010, see the logo of Yerevan
    • Ministry of Justice of RA, about the medals and decorations, 2007
    • The government of Armenia, symbol of the cooperation «Armenia-Diaspora» 2013-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, 2012
    • Ministry of Emergency Situations, about the medals and decorations, 2011, see the symbol of the cooperation «Armenia-Diaspora»
    • Central Bank of Armenia, coin «15-years of liberation of Shushi», 2007, see the image of the coin
  23. ^ National Council of Western Armenia, the flag of Western Armenia, 2011
  24. ^ Հայկական արիական հիմնական նշանների (սիմվոլների) խորհուրդը եւ չափային շղթաները (in Armenian). Armenian Aryan Union. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
  25. ^ "Armenian Eternity Sign" (PDF). Unicode. 2010. pp. 10–12.
  26. ^ "Unicode: Armenian" (PDF). Retrieved 2014-06-27.

External links

  •   Media related to Armenian eternity sign at Wikimedia Commons
  • Hayastan All Armenian Fund. Telethon 2010 – Water is Life. "Water is Life indeed and as you can see in the design, the water turns into the Armenian eternity symbol as it flows out of the helping hands."
  • Downtown, North End. "Armenian Heritage Park to participate Saturday in World Labyrinth Day", Posted by Jeremy C. Fox April 29, 2013. – "A single jet of water and the symbol of eternity mark its center, representing hope and rebirth."
  • . "The Armenian Engineers and Scientists of America (AESA) logo is an ancient symbol used in Armenian architecture and carvings. The symbol signifies Eternal Life – in Armenian Haverjoutian Nshan or Sign of Eternity."
  • Armenian Monuments Awareness Project

January 07, 2023
armenian, eternity, sign, armenian, Յաւերժութեան, Նշան, romanized, haverzhut, nshan, arevakhach, Արեւախաչ, cross, ancient, armenian, national, symbol, symbol, national, identity, armenian, people, most, common, symbols, armenian, architecture, carved, khachkar. The Armenian eternity sign Armenian Յաւերժութեան Նշան romanized haverzhut yan nshan or Arevakhach Արեւախաչ Sun Cross is an ancient Armenian national symbol and a symbol of the national identity of the Armenian people 1 It is one of the most common symbols in Armenian architecture 2 3 carved on khachkars and on walls of churches Armenian Sun Cross Arevakhach Contents 1 Evolution and use 2 ArmSCII and UNICODE 3 Gallery 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksEvolution and use EditIn medieval Armenian culture the eternity sign symbolized the concept of everlasting celestial life 4 Since the 5th century it appeared on Armenian steles later it became part of khachkar symbolism 5 Around the 8th century the use of the Armenian symbol of eternity had become a long established national iconographical practice 6 and it has kept its meaning in modern times 7 Besides being one of the main components of khachkars 8 it can be found on church walls 9 10 11 tomb stones and other architectural monuments 12 13 14 15 16 Notable churches with the eternity sign include the Mashtots Hayrapet Church of Garni 17 Horomayr Monastery 18 Nor Varagavank 19 Tsitsernavank Monastery 20 An identical symbol appears in the reliefs of the Divrigi Great Mosque and Hospital 21 and is likely a borrowing from earlier Armenian churches of the area It can also be found on Armenian manuscripts The eternity sign is used on the logos of government agencies and on commemorative coins 22 as well as Armenian government agencies and non government organizations and institutions in Armenia and the Armenian diaspora 23 The symbol is also used by Armenian neopagan organizations and their followers It is called by them Arevakhach Արեւախաչ sun cross 24 ArmSCII and UNICODE Edit The right and left facing Armeternity unicode font glyphs In ArmSCII Armenian Standard Code for Information Interchange an Armenian eternity sign has been encoded in 7 bit and 8 bit standard and ad hoc encodings since at least 1987 In 2010 the Armenian National Institute of Standards suggested encoding an Armenian Eternity sign in the Unicode character set 25 and both left facing and right facing Armenian eternity signs were included in Unicode version 7 0 when it was released in June 2014 26 Font glyphs Regular Italic Bold Bold Italic Gallery EditChurches Saint Hripsime Church Vagharshapat 7th century 5 arched eternity sign on the Cathedral of the Holy Mother of God Harichavank Monastery near Artik 13th century Makaravank near Achajur 10th century 18 eternity signs on Armenian fresco of the Coptic White Monastery in Egypt 12th century Gandzasar monastery 13th century Geghard 13th century Decor of Teghenyats Monastery Miniature in Gospel by Stepanos 1201 Illuminated manuscript by Hovsian 1316 Grand prince Hasan Jalal Vahtangian 1214 1261 Jewish cemetery in Yeghegis 13th century Aghout cemetery in Sisian Saint Mesrop Mashtots Cathedral in OshakanModern statues and sculptures A modern khatchkar in Yerevan A khachkar in memory of the victims of the 1988 Armenian earthquake Armenian Genocide memorial in Yerevan 1965 A 1992 monument in the Yerevan Cascade dedicated to the adoption of Christianity as state religion in Armenia known as the First Christian State A monument dedicated to the memory of the Armenian soldiers killed in the Nagorno Karabakh conflict Sisian A monument of Armenian Alphabet and Eternity sign on Oshakan tower A plaque at the entrance of Hovhannes Tumanyan s museum in Dsegh A plaque indicating that the square at the entrance of the Haghpat Monastery was named for Sayat Nova in 2010 The eternity sign appears on the base of this 1965 monument at the top of Yerevan Cascade named Revived Armenia dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the establishment of Soviet rule in Armenia See another view There are 9 eternity signs on this 50 metre high 160 ft monument including 5 on the base and 4 on top Logos Symbol of National Library of Armenia Rubber stamp of the Armenian Computer Center Ltd 1998 Commemorative coins of Armenia Armenia joining the Council of Europe January 25 2001 Seal of Yerevan adopted in 2004 The emblem of the Peoples Art Centre in Yerevan The Japanese national sign Chrysanthemum and the Armenian eternity sign in one logo made in colors of national flags 2011 Water is life Armenia Fund telethon logo 2010See also EditBorjgali Castro culture Economy and Arts Stonework Metallurgy Hilarri Basque steles Khachkar Lists of national symbols Petroglyph Pictish stone Picture stones of Gotland TriskelionReferences Edit Armenian Eternity Sign Archived December 3 2013 at the Wayback Machine IT Development Support Council of the Government Prime Minister of Armenia Archived December 3 2013 at the Wayback Machine Workgroup of Language amp Culture 2010 Archived December 3 2013 at the Wayback Machine From page Prehistory of the Armenian Dram and Armenian eternity signs of National institute of Standards of Armenia Jacob G Ghazarian 2006 The Mediterranean legacy in early Celtic Christianity a journey from Armenia to Ireland Bennett amp Bloom pp 263 p 171 Quite a different version of the Celtic triskelion and perhaps the most common pre Christian symbolism found throughout Armenian cultural tradition is the round clockwise occasionally counter clockwise whirling sun like spiral fixed at a centre the Armenian symbol of eternity K B Mehr M Markow Mormon Missionaries enter Eastern Europe Brigham Young University Press 2002 pp 399 p 252 She viewed a tall building with spires and circular windows along the top of the walls It was engraved with sun stones a typical symbol of eternity in ancient Armenian architecture Bauer Manndorff Elisabeth 1981 Armenia Past and Present Reich Verlag p 89 The circle as a line returning upon itself represented perfection Having neither beginning nor end it was the symbol of eternity The architects expressed the concept of everlasting celestial life in the knowledge of the presence and effect of the divine power by sphere N Sahakyan Armenian Highland RAU Press 2006 page 150 349 Jacob G Ghazarian 2006 The Mediterranean legacy in early Celtic Christianity a journey from Armenia to Ireland Bennett amp Bloom pp 263 p 186 The eighth or ninth century date of this two examples of Irish stone crosses places them chronologically well after the carving of stone crosses in Armenia and the use of the Armenian symbol of eternity had become a long established national iconographical practice Zarian A K 1989 Խաչքարերի խորհրդանշաններին և միթրայականությանը վերաբերող պատկերագրական հարցեր Iconographical Problems Concerning Symbols of Khatchkars and Cult of Mithra Patma Banasirakan Handes in Armenian Yerevan Armenian National Academy of Sciences 1 202 219 ISSN 0135 0536 The government of Armenia The list of non material cultural heritage of Armenia 2010 p 15 R Kartashyan Architectural complex of Khoranashat Archived 2013 10 02 at the Wayback Machine The journal of social sciences 4 Yerevan 1986 pp 42 52 Hayden Herrera 2005 Arshile Gorky His Life and Work Macmillan pp 784 Karoly Gink Karoly Gombos Armenia landscape and architecture Corvina Press 1974 Nicolas Holding 2011 Armenia Bradt Travel Guides pp 312 p 130 148 G Sargsyan U Melkonyan Litographical sketches 2 Archived 2021 06 28 at the Wayback Machine Historico phylological journal of Armenian Academy of sciences 3 2012 p 101 R L Khachatryan Russian academy of Art Rudolg Khachatryan high dimensional objects Galart 2002 p 13 Armenia Today vol 5 6 Yerevan 1982 p 4 G Karakhanyan Medieval domesstic reliefs of Armenia Archived 2016 03 04 at the Wayback Machine The journal of social sciences 8 Yerevan 1975 pp 31 47 see image of the dome Manoucharian A A 1979 The Upper Complex of the Horomayr Monument Patma Banasirakan Handes in Armenian Yerevan Armenian National Academy of Sciences 4 268 Archived from the original on 2014 10 25 Retrieved 2013 10 03 Երկու զարդեր են քանդակված կամարների ներսի կողմի վերնամասում Մեկը պատկերում Է հավերժության նշան կազմված գնդաձև ուռուցիկ մակերեսին սփռված ելունդավոր գծերով Kartashian Hrach The architectural ensemble of Nor Varagavank Patma Banasirakan Handes in Armenian Yerevan Armenian National Academy of Sciences 7 65 ISSN 0320 8117 Archived from the original on 2014 10 25 Retrieved 2013 10 03 Պսակ գոտու անմիջապես վերևով անցնում է եզան և կտցահարող թռչունների նռնենու տեսքով կենաց ծառի զամբյուղների վարդյակի և հավերժության նշանի պատկերներով քանդակաշարք որն ունի գաղափարական որոշակի իմաստ Asratyan M Tsitsernavank Archived 2016 03 04 at the Wayback Machine Historico phylological journal of Armenian Academy of sciences 2 1980 p 50 The Great Mosque and Hospital of Divrigi Genel Bilgi photo gallery Մամլո հաղորդագրություն Շուշիի ազատագրման 20 ամյակ ոսկի News release A golden coin dedicated o the 20th anniversary of the Liberation of Shushi PDF Central Bank of Armenia 24 January 2012 Archived from the original PDF on 3 October 2013 Retrieved 4 October 2013 see the image of the coin Հայաստանի Հանրապետության Կառավարության 2002 Թվականի Հունվարի 7 ի N 6 Որոշման Մեջ Փոփոխություններ Կատարելու Մասին Armenian Legal Information System 18 April 2012 Retrieved 4 October 2013 see the logo of the Customs Service of Armenia The Council of the city Yerevan the seal of Yerevan 2010 see the logo of Yerevan Ministry of Justice of RA about the medals and decorations 2007 The government of Armenia symbol of the cooperation Armenia Diaspora Archived 2013 09 27 at the Wayback Machine 2012 Ministry of Emergency Situations about the medals and decorations 2011 see the symbol of the cooperation Armenia Diaspora Central Bank of Armenia coin 15 years of liberation of Shushi 2007 see the image of the coin National Council of Western Armenia the flag of Western Armenia 2011 Հայկական արիական հիմնական նշանների սիմվոլների խորհուրդը եւ չափային շղթաները in Armenian Armenian Aryan Union Retrieved 4 October 2013 Armenian Eternity Sign PDF Unicode 2010 pp 10 12 Unicode Armenian PDF Retrieved 2014 06 27 External links Edit Media related to Armenian eternity sign at Wikimedia Commons Hayastan All Armenian Fund Telethon 2010 Water is Life Water is Life indeed and as you can see in the design the water turns into the Armenian eternity symbol as it flows out of the helping hands Downtown North End Armenian Heritage Park to participate Saturday in World Labyrinth Day Posted by Jeremy C Fox April 29 2013 A single jet of water and the symbol of eternity mark its center representing hope and rebirth Armenian Engineers amp Scientists of America The Armenian Engineers and Scientists of America AESA logo is an ancient symbol used in Armenian architecture and carvings The symbol signifies Eternal Life in Armenian Haverjoutian Nshan or Sign of Eternity Armenian Monuments Awareness Project Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Armenian eternity sign amp oldid 1128993269, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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