The Arizona white oak is one of the largest southwestern oaks. This tree may grow to 60 feet (18 meters), with a trunk diameter of 1 m (3 ft 3 in). It has stout branches and a spreading crown. The leaves are about 8 centimetres (3+1⁄4 inches) long, thick, and evergreen. It grows very slowly once it has become mature, adding approximately 0.25 cm (3⁄32 in) of diameter per year.[7]
Bark: color is light grayish. The bark is initially thin and lenticelled, but later becomes quite thick, with shallow fissures and scaly ridges.[7]
Twig: medium-sized, fuzzy. The color can be light brown or reddish brown. Twigs have pointy and fat clusters of terminal buds.[7]
Leaves: alternate, evergreen, simple, and oblong. The color is yellowish green or bluish green. Leaves are usually 11⁄2 to 31⁄2 in long. The margins are usually entire or toothed, and are rounded at the base. The texture of the leaves is leathery and stiff. The veins are parallel, and are sunken on the upperside and raised underneath. Leaves may begin to shed in late winter, or when new leaves emerge in spring.[7]
Fruit: oblong acorn that is 1⁄2 to 1 in long. Acorns have bowl-shaped caps that cover one third of the nut. Acorns usually mature in autumn. The quantity of acorns produced can vary year to year, producing about 32,000 acorns one year and very few the next. Germination of acorns is highly correlated with the amount of moisture during the rainy season.[7]
Flowers: monoecious, meaning that male and female organs occur in different flowers on the same tree. Female flowers occur as small spikes in the leaf axils. Male flowers are long, drooping, yellowish green catkins.[7][8]
Distribution and habitatEdit
The Arizona white oak can be found in a vast array of habitats such as savannas, grasslands, and chaparrals. They are usually found in mountain-like areas that are above about 5,495 ft (1,675 m) in elevation. Water use is low and it requires sun or part shade. Soil moisture must be dry and it must be rocky or sandy soils. Soils may be clay loam, clay, medium loam, or rocky. The Arizona white oak is both heat and cold tolerant.
EcologyEdit
FireEdit
When Arizona white oaks are small they usually die by fire. The acorns are usually killed by fires as well. The foliage is extremely flammable but larger trees usually survive fires that are not as severe and if a stump survives a fire it will sprout rapidly afterwards.
ThreatsEdit
The wood decaying fungus Inonotus andersoni affects the Arizona white oak negatively. Burning and herbicide treatment has also affected the growth of the Arizona white oak, so they are being managed by pinyon-juniper silvicultural systems.
UsesEdit
The wood is usually used for fuel. Since the wood of the Arizona white oak is hard, heavy, and strong, it is rarely used for commercial reasons such as furniture production.
The Arizona white oak provides cover for such animals like deer, turkeys, javelinas, desert sheep, songbirds, and quail. The white tailed deer is also known to utilize it for cover. For white-tailed and mule deer, the Arizona white oak is highly palatable as well. The only species known to consume the acorns in quantity is the thick-billed parrot.[9]
The Arizona white oak can also be used as an ornamental plant.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quercus arizonica.
See alsoEdit
Linden Oak, possibly the largest living white oak in the United States
^Little Jr., Elbert L. (1976). "Map 131, Quercus arizonica". Atlas of United States Trees. Vol. 3 (Minor Western Hardwoods). US Government Printing Office. LCCN 79-653298. OCLC 4053799.
^ abcdefNixon, Kevin C. (1997), "Quercus arizonica", in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.), Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA), vol. 3, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA
^Sargent, Charles Sprague 1895. Garden & Forest 8: 92-93
Pavek, Diane S. (1994), "Quercus arizonica", Fire Effects Information System (FEIS), US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service (USFS), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory
Native Plant Database profile, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, University of Texas at Austin
August 31, 2023
quercus, arizonica, arizona, white, north, american, tree, species, beech, family, found, arizona, mexico, western, texas, sonora, chihuahua, coahuila, sinaloa, durango, arizona, white, oakconservation, statusleast, concern, iucn, secure, natureserve, scientif. Quercus arizonica the Arizona white oak is a North American tree species in the beech family It is found in Arizona New Mexico western Texas Sonora Chihuahua Coahuila Sinaloa and Durango 4 5 6 Arizona white oakConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Secure NatureServe 2 Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade RosidsOrder FagalesFamily FagaceaeGenus QuercusSubgenus Quercus subg QuercusSection Quercus sect QuercusSpecies Q arizonicaBinomial nameQuercus arizonicaSarg Synonyms 3 Quercus arizonica var wootonii Trel Quercus endemica C H Mull Quercus sacame Trel Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution and habitat 3 Ecology 3 1 Fire 3 2 Threats 4 Uses 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksDescription EditThe Arizona white oak is one of the largest southwestern oaks This tree may grow to 60 feet 18 meters with a trunk diameter of 1 m 3 ft 3 in It has stout branches and a spreading crown The leaves are about 8 centimetres 3 1 4 inches long thick and evergreen It grows very slowly once it has become mature adding approximately 0 25 cm 3 32 in of diameter per year 7 Bark color is light grayish The bark is initially thin and lenticelled but later becomes quite thick with shallow fissures and scaly ridges 7 Twig medium sized fuzzy The color can be light brown or reddish brown Twigs have pointy and fat clusters of terminal buds 7 Leaves alternate evergreen simple and oblong The color is yellowish green or bluish green Leaves are usually 11 2 to 31 2 in long The margins are usually entire or toothed and are rounded at the base The texture of the leaves is leathery and stiff The veins are parallel and are sunken on the upperside and raised underneath Leaves may begin to shed in late winter or when new leaves emerge in spring 7 Fruit oblong acorn that is 1 2 to 1 in long Acorns have bowl shaped caps that cover one third of the nut Acorns usually mature in autumn The quantity of acorns produced can vary year to year producing about 32 000 acorns one year and very few the next Germination of acorns is highly correlated with the amount of moisture during the rainy season 7 Flowers monoecious meaning that male and female organs occur in different flowers on the same tree Female flowers occur as small spikes in the leaf axils Male flowers are long drooping yellowish green catkins 7 8 Distribution and habitat EditThe Arizona white oak can be found in a vast array of habitats such as savannas grasslands and chaparrals They are usually found in mountain like areas that are above about 5 495 ft 1 675 m in elevation Water use is low and it requires sun or part shade Soil moisture must be dry and it must be rocky or sandy soils Soils may be clay loam clay medium loam or rocky The Arizona white oak is both heat and cold tolerant Ecology EditFire Edit When Arizona white oaks are small they usually die by fire The acorns are usually killed by fires as well The foliage is extremely flammable but larger trees usually survive fires that are not as severe and if a stump survives a fire it will sprout rapidly afterwards Threats Edit The wood decaying fungus Inonotus andersoni affects the Arizona white oak negatively Burning and herbicide treatment has also affected the growth of the Arizona white oak so they are being managed by pinyon juniper silvicultural systems Uses EditThe wood is usually used for fuel Since the wood of the Arizona white oak is hard heavy and strong it is rarely used for commercial reasons such as furniture production The Arizona white oak provides cover for such animals like deer turkeys javelinas desert sheep songbirds and quail The white tailed deer is also known to utilize it for cover For white tailed and mule deer the Arizona white oak is highly palatable as well The only species known to consume the acorns in quantity is the thick billed parrot 9 The Arizona white oak can also be used as an ornamental plant Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quercus arizonica See also EditLinden Oak possibly the largest living white oak in the United StatesReferences Edit Kenny L Wenzell K 2015 Quercus arizonica IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 Retrieved 27 November 2022 Quercus arizonica NatureServe Explorer NatureServe retrieved 2007 07 06 Quercus arizonica Sarg World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Royal Botanic Gardens Kew via The Plant List Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online Quercus arizonica County level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas NAPA Biota of North America Program BONAP 2014 SEINet Southwestern Biodiversity Arizona chapter Little Jr Elbert L 1976 Map 131 Quercus arizonica Atlas of United States Trees Vol 3 Minor Western Hardwoods US Government Printing Office LCCN 79 653298 OCLC 4053799 a b c d e f Nixon Kevin C 1997 Quercus arizonica in Flora of North America Editorial Committee ed Flora of North America North of Mexico FNA vol 3 New York and Oxford Oxford University Press via eFloras org Missouri Botanical Garden St Louis MO amp Harvard University Herbaria Cambridge MA Sargent Charles Sprague 1895 Garden amp Forest 8 92 93 Peattie Donald Culross 1953 A Natural History of Western Trees New York Bonanza Books p 439 External links EditPavek Diane S 1994 Quercus arizonica Fire Effects Information System FEIS US Department of Agriculture USDA Forest Service USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station Fire Sciences Laboratory Native Plant Database profile Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center University of Texas at Austin Virginia Tech Quercus arizonica Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Quercus arizonica amp oldid 1132322602, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
