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Arianta arbustorum

May 01, 2024

Arianta arbustorum, sometimes known as the copse snail, is a medium-sized species of pulmonate land snail in the family Helicidae.[3]

Arianta arbustorum
Shell of Arianta arbustorum (syntype at MNHN, Paris)
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Order: Stylommatophora
Family: Helicidae
Genus: Arianta
Species:
A. arbustorum
Binomial name
Arianta arbustorum
Synonyms
  • Helix arbustorum Linnaeus, 1758
  • Helix rufescens Pennant, 1777
  • Helix thamnivaga Mabille, 1883

Subspecies edit

 
Arianta arbustorum alpicola

Several subspecies are recognized by some authors:

  • Arianta arbustorum alpicola Férussac, 1821
  • Arianta arbustorum arbustorum (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Arianta arbustorum canigonensis (Boubée, 1833)
  • Arianta arbustorum picea
  • Arianta arbustorum pseudorudis (Schlesch, 1924)
  • Arianta arbustorum repellini (Reeve, 1852)
  • Arianta arbustorum styriaca (Frauenfeld, 1868)
  • Arianta arbustorum vareliensis Ripken & Falkner, 2000

Distribution edit

This species is native to Europe:

Arianta arbustorum is introduced to North America, but is only known from Canada, where established populations are known from Newfoundland, New Brunswick, Ontario,[7] and Prince Edward Island.[8]

This species has not yet become established in the US, but it is considered to represent a potentially serious threat as a pest, an invasive species which could negatively affect agriculture, natural ecosystems, human health or commerce. Therefore, it has been suggested that this species be given top national quarantine significance in the USA.[9]

Description edit

 
apertural view of the shell of Arianta arbustorum (top left); lateral view (top right); apical view (bottom left) and umbilical view (bottom right)

The shell is usually brown with numerous pale yellowish rows of spots and usually with a brown band above the periphery, occasionally yellowish, reddish or with greenish hue, weakly striated and with fine spiral lines on the upper side.[4] The shell has 5-5.5 convex whorls with deep suture.[4] The last whorl is slightly descending near the aperture.[4] The aperture is with prominent white lip inside.[4] The apertural margin is reflected.[4] Umbilicus is entirely covered by the reflected columellar margin.[4]

The width of the shell is 18–25 mm.[4] The height of the shell is 12–22 mm.[4] Dimensions are locally variable.[4]

The shell shape is globular in most present-day populations, but originally is believed to have been depressed in the Pleistocene, before lowlands were invaded and shells became globular, re-invading mountain regions except some isolated spots among glaciers.[4]

The animal is usually black.[4]

Life cycle edit

Arianta arbustorum lives in forests and open habitats of any kind.[4] It requires humidity.[4] It lives also in disturbed habitats (not in Ireland where it is restricted to old native woodland).[4] It may locally tolerate non-calcareous substrate, in north Scotland also on sandhills.[4] In the Alps up to 2700 m, in Britain 1200 m, in Bulgaria 1500 m.[4]

It feeds on green herbs, dead animals and faeces.[4]

If snails hatched more than 50 m distant from each other, they are considered isolated since they would not move more than 25 m (neighbourhood area 32–50 m), usually they move about 7–12 m in a year, mostly along water currents.[4]

 
drawing of love dart of Arianta arbustorum

This species of snail makes and uses calcareous love darts during mating. Reproduction is usually after copulation, but self-fertilization is also possible.[4] The size of the egg is 3.2 mm.[10] Maturity is reached after 2–4 years.[4] The maximum age up to 14 years.[4]

Angiostrongylus vasorum has successfully experimentally infected this snail.[11]

Prevention edit

Metaldehyde and iron phosphate can be used to exterminate snails.[12] Since copper generates electric shocks that make it difficult for snails to move, it makes a great barrier material for them.[13]

References edit

  • This article incorporates public domain text from the reference:[4]
  1. ^ Falkner, G.; Falkner, M.; von Proschwitz, T.; Neubert, E. (2011). "Arianta arbustorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T156468A4949797. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T156468A4949797.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. ^ Linnaeus C. (1758). Systema naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. pp. [1-4], 1-824. Holmiae. (Salvius).
  3. ^ MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Arianta arbustorum (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1003358 on 2021-02-23
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Species summary for Arianta arbustorum. AnimalBase, last modified 25 August 2010, accessed 8 October 2010.
  5. ^ (in Dutch) Arianta arbustorum — Anemoon
  6. ^ New snail found in the Faroe Islands
  7. ^ McAlpine, D.F., Schueler, F.W., Maunder, J.E., Noseworthy, R.G., & Sollows, M.C. 2009. Establishment and persistence of the copse snail, Arianta arbustorum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gastropoda: Helicidae) in Canada. The Nautilus 123(1):14-18.
  8. ^ McAlpine, D.F., & R.G. Forsyth. 2014. Occurrence of the Copse Snail, Arianta arbustorum (Helicidae) on Prince Edward Island: an addition to the North American range of a purported potential pest. Northeastern Naturalist 21(1):N5–N7.
  9. ^ Cowie R. H., Dillon R. T., Robinson D. G. & Smith J. W. (2009). "Alien non-marine snails and slugs of priority quarantine importance in the United States: A preliminary risk assessment". American Malacological Bulletin 27: 113-132. PDF 16 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
  10. ^ Heller J.: Life History Strategies. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited page: 428.
  11. ^ Conboy G. A. (30 May 2000) "Canine Angiostrongylosis (French Heartworm)". In: Bowman D. D. (Ed.) Companion and Exotic Animal Parasitology. International Veterinary Information Service. Accessed 24 November 2009.
  12. ^ Support, Extension Web (25 February 2008). "Less toxic iron phosphate slug bait proves effective". Extension Communications. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  13. ^ Smith, Zach (4 May 2021). "How to Get Rid of Snails In Your House and Garden [2023]". Smith's Pest Management. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  • Kerney, M.P., Cameron, R.A.D. & Jungbluth, J-H. (1983). Die Landschnecken Nord- und Mitteleuropas. Ein Bestimmungsbuch für Biologen und Naturfreunde, 384 pp., 24 plates. [Summer or later]. Hamburg / Berlin (Paul Parey).
  • Bank, R. A.; Neubert, E. (2017). Checklist of the land and freshwater Gastropoda of Europe. Last update: July 16, 2017
  • Sysoev, A. V. & Schileyko, A. A. (2009). Land snails and slugs of Russia and adjacent countries. Sofia/Moskva (Pensoft). 312 pp., 142 plates.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Arianta arbustorum.
  • Arianta arbustorum at Animalbase taxonomy,short description, distribution, biology,status (threats), images
  • Arianta arbustorum images at Encyclopedia of Life
  • Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae
  • Pennant, T. (1777). British Zoology, vol. IV. Crustacea. Mollusca. Testacea. London. i-viii, 1-154, Plates 1-93

Studies edit

  • Baur, Anette; Baur, Bruno (2005) Interpopulation variation in the prevalence and intensity of parasitic mite infection in the land snail Arianta arbustorum ; Invertebrate Biology, Vol. 124 Issue 3, p194-201. 8p. 3 Charts. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7410.2005.00019.x.
  • Baur, Bruno & Locher Rolf (1998) Sperm allocation in the simultaneously hermaphroditic land snail Arianta arbustorum. Animal Behaviour. Oct98, Vol. 56 Issue 4, p839. 7p.
  • Baur, Bruno (1986) Patterns of dispersion, density and dispersal in alpine populations of the land snail Arianta arbustorum (L.) (Helicidae). Holarctic Ecology. Mai 1986, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p117-125. 9p
  • Haase Martin, Esch Susanne & Misof Bernhard (2013) Local adaptation, refugial isolation and secondary contact of Alpine populations of the land snail Arianta arbustorum. Journal of Molluscan Studies. Aout 2013, Vol. 79 Issue 3, p241-248. 8p.
  • Haase M & Bisenberger A (2003) Allozymic differentiation in the land snail Arianta arbustorum (Stylommatophora, Helicidae): historical inferences  ; Journal of Zoological Systematics & Evolutionary Research. Aout 2003, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p175-185. 11p. DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0469.2003.00208.x.
  • Kleeweint Doris (1999), Population size, density, spatial distribution and dispersal in an Austrian population of the land snail Arianta arbustorum styriaca (Gastropoda: Helicidae) ; Journal of Molluscan Studies. Aout 1999, Vol. 65 Issue 3, p303-315. 13p. 3
  • Haase M & Misof B (2009), Dynamic gastropods: stable shell polymorphism despite gene flow in the land snail Arianta arbustorum. Dynamische Schnecken: stabiler Schalenpolymorphismus trotz Genflusses in der Landschnecke Arianta arbustorum. Journal of Zoological Systematics & Evolutionary Research. Mai 2009, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p105-114. 10p. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2008.00488.x
  • Minoretti, Nicole; Stoll, Peter; Baur, Bruno (2013) Heritability of sperm length and adult shell size in the land snail Arianta arbustorum (Linnaeus, 1758) Journal of Molluscan Studies. Aout 2013, Vol. 79 Issue 3, p218-224. 7p.
  • Schüpbach, Hans U.; Baur, Bruno (2008), Parasitic mites influence fitness components of their host, the land snail Arianta arbustorum.. Invertebrate Biology, Vol. 127 Issue 3, p350-356. 7p. 1 Chart, 2 Graphs. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7410.2008.00138.x.

May 01, 2024
arianta, arbustorum, sometimes, known, copse, snail, medium, sized, species, pulmonate, land, snail, family, helicidae, shell, syntype, mnhn, paris, conservation, status, least, concern, iucn, scientific, classification, domain, eukaryota, kingdom, animalia, p. Arianta arbustorum sometimes known as the copse snail is a medium sized species of pulmonate land snail in the family Helicidae 3 Arianta arbustorum Shell of Arianta arbustorum syntype at MNHN Paris Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Mollusca Class Gastropoda Subclass Heterobranchia Order Stylommatophora Family Helicidae Genus Arianta Species A arbustorum Binomial name Arianta arbustorum Linnaeus 1758 2 Synonyms Helix arbustorum Linnaeus 1758 Helix rufescens Pennant 1777 Helix thamnivaga Mabille 1883 Contents 1 Subspecies 2 Distribution 3 Description 4 Life cycle 5 Prevention 6 References 7 External links 7 1 StudiesSubspecies edit nbsp Arianta arbustorum alpicola Several subspecies are recognized by some authors Arianta arbustorum alpicola Ferussac 1821 Arianta arbustorum arbustorum Linnaeus 1758 Arianta arbustorum canigonensis Boubee 1833 Arianta arbustorum picea Arianta arbustorum pseudorudis Schlesch 1924 Arianta arbustorum repellini Reeve 1852 Arianta arbustorum styriaca Frauenfeld 1868 Arianta arbustorum vareliensis Ripken amp Falkner 2000Distribution editThis species is native to Europe North western and central Europe with Alps and Carpathians 4 Netherlands 5 Austria Czech Republic Slovakia Poland Switzerland One of the most frequent species of land snails in Switzerland can be very abundant up to 20 adults per square meter 4 eastern Pyrenees Spain 4 Norway 4 Iceland 4 Faroe Islands 6 the British Isles Great Britain and Ireland 4 In Britain the species suffered slightly from intensive farming and the continuous destructions of suitable uncultivated refuges 4 It is rare in Ireland 4 Kaliningrad 4 Finland In Finland it has become so common in the Porvoo region east of Helsinki that it is locally called the Porvoo snail Estonia 4 Latvia 4 scattered to Serbia 4 Bulgaria 4 It is rare in Bulgaria 4 western Ukraine 4 Arianta arbustorum is introduced to North America but is only known from Canada where established populations are known from Newfoundland New Brunswick Ontario 7 and Prince Edward Island 8 This species has not yet become established in the US but it is considered to represent a potentially serious threat as a pest an invasive species which could negatively affect agriculture natural ecosystems human health or commerce Therefore it has been suggested that this species be given top national quarantine significance in the USA 9 Description edit nbsp apertural view of the shell of Arianta arbustorum top left lateral view top right apical view bottom left and umbilical view bottom right The shell is usually brown with numerous pale yellowish rows of spots and usually with a brown band above the periphery occasionally yellowish reddish or with greenish hue weakly striated and with fine spiral lines on the upper side 4 The shell has 5 5 5 convex whorls with deep suture 4 The last whorl is slightly descending near the aperture 4 The aperture is with prominent white lip inside 4 The apertural margin is reflected 4 Umbilicus is entirely covered by the reflected columellar margin 4 The width of the shell is 18 25 mm 4 The height of the shell is 12 22 mm 4 Dimensions are locally variable 4 The shell shape is globular in most present day populations but originally is believed to have been depressed in the Pleistocene before lowlands were invaded and shells became globular re invading mountain regions except some isolated spots among glaciers 4 The animal is usually black 4 Life cycle editArianta arbustorum lives in forests and open habitats of any kind 4 It requires humidity 4 It lives also in disturbed habitats not in Ireland where it is restricted to old native woodland 4 It may locally tolerate non calcareous substrate in north Scotland also on sandhills 4 In the Alps up to 2700 m in Britain 1200 m in Bulgaria 1500 m 4 It feeds on green herbs dead animals and faeces 4 If snails hatched more than 50 m distant from each other they are considered isolated since they would not move more than 25 m neighbourhood area 32 50 m usually they move about 7 12 m in a year mostly along water currents 4 nbsp drawing of love dart of Arianta arbustorum This species of snail makes and uses calcareous love darts during mating Reproduction is usually after copulation but self fertilization is also possible 4 The size of the egg is 3 2 mm 10 Maturity is reached after 2 4 years 4 The maximum age up to 14 years 4 Angiostrongylus vasorum has successfully experimentally infected this snail 11 Prevention editMetaldehyde and iron phosphate can be used to exterminate snails 12 Since copper generates electric shocks that make it difficult for snails to move it makes a great barrier material for them 13 References editThis article incorporates public domain text from the reference 4 Falkner G Falkner M von Proschwitz T Neubert E 2011 Arianta arbustorum IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011 e T156468A4949797 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2011 1 RLTS T156468A4949797 en Retrieved 13 November 2021 Linnaeus C 1758 Systema naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes ordines genera species cum characteribus differentiis synonymis locis Tomus I Editio decima reformata pp 1 4 1 824 Holmiae Salvius MolluscaBase eds 2021 MolluscaBase Arianta arbustorum Linnaeus 1758 Accessed through World Register of Marine Species at http www marinespecies org aphia php p taxdetails amp id 1003358 on 2021 02 23 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Species summary for Arianta arbustorum AnimalBase last modified 25 August 2010 accessed 8 October 2010 in Dutch Arianta arbustorum Anemoon New snail found in the Faroe Islands McAlpine D F Schueler F W Maunder J E Noseworthy R G amp Sollows M C 2009 Establishment and persistence of the copse snail Arianta arbustorum Linnaeus 1758 Gastropoda Helicidae in Canada The Nautilus 123 1 14 18 McAlpine D F amp R G Forsyth 2014 Occurrence of the Copse Snail Arianta arbustorum Helicidae on Prince Edward Island an addition to the North American range of a purported potential pest Northeastern Naturalist 21 1 N5 N7 Cowie R H Dillon R T Robinson D G amp Smith J W 2009 Alien non marine snails and slugs of priority quarantine importance in the United States A preliminary risk assessment American Malacological Bulletin 27 113 132 PDF Archived 16 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine Heller J Life History Strategies in Barker G M ed The biology of terrestrial molluscs CABI Publishing Oxon UK 2001 ISBN 0 85199 318 4 1 146 cited page 428 Conboy G A 30 May 2000 Canine Angiostrongylosis French Heartworm In Bowman D D Ed Companion and Exotic Animal Parasitology International Veterinary Information Service Accessed 24 November 2009 Support Extension Web 25 February 2008 Less toxic iron phosphate slug bait proves effective Extension Communications Retrieved 14 September 2023 Smith Zach 4 May 2021 How to Get Rid of Snails In Your House and Garden 2023 Smith s Pest Management Retrieved 14 September 2023 Kerney M P Cameron R A D amp Jungbluth J H 1983 Die Landschnecken Nord und Mitteleuropas Ein Bestimmungsbuch fur Biologen und Naturfreunde 384 pp 24 plates Summer or later Hamburg Berlin Paul Parey Bank R A Neubert E 2017 Checklist of the land and freshwater Gastropoda of Europe Last update July 16 2017 Sysoev A V amp Schileyko A A 2009 Land snails and slugs of Russia and adjacent countries Sofia Moskva Pensoft 312 pp 142 plates External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Arianta arbustorum Arianta arbustorum at Animalbase taxonomy short description distribution biology status threats images Arianta arbustorum images at Encyclopedia of Life Linnaeus C 1758 Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes ordines genera species cum characteribus differentiis synonymis locis Editio decima reformata 10th revised edition vol 1 824 pp Laurentius Salvius Holmiae Pennant T 1777 British Zoology vol IV Crustacea Mollusca Testacea London i viii 1 154 Plates 1 93 Studies edit Baur Anette Baur Bruno 2005 Interpopulation variation in the prevalence and intensity of parasitic mite infection in the land snail Arianta arbustorum Invertebrate Biology Vol 124 Issue 3 p194 201 8p 3 Charts DOI 10 1111 j 1744 7410 2005 00019 x Baur Bruno amp Locher Rolf 1998 Sperm allocation in the simultaneously hermaphroditic land snail Arianta arbustorum Animal Behaviour Oct98 Vol 56 Issue 4 p839 7p Baur Bruno 1986 Patterns of dispersion density and dispersal in alpine populations of the land snail Arianta arbustorum L Helicidae Holarctic Ecology Mai 1986 Vol 9 Issue 2 p117 125 9p Haase Martin Esch Susanne amp Misof Bernhard 2013 Local adaptation refugial isolation and secondary contact of Alpine populations of the land snail Arianta arbustorum Journal of Molluscan Studies Aout 2013 Vol 79 Issue 3 p241 248 8p Haase M amp Bisenberger A 2003 Allozymic differentiation in the land snail Arianta arbustorum Stylommatophora Helicidae historical inferences Journal of Zoological Systematics amp Evolutionary Research Aout 2003 Vol 41 Issue 3 p175 185 11p DOI 10 1046 j 1439 0469 2003 00208 x Kleeweint Doris 1999 Population size density spatial distribution and dispersal in an Austrian population of the land snail Arianta arbustorum styriaca Gastropoda Helicidae Journal of Molluscan Studies Aout 1999 Vol 65 Issue 3 p303 315 13p 3 Haase M amp Misof B 2009 Dynamic gastropods stable shell polymorphism despite gene flow in the land snail Arianta arbustorum Dynamische Schnecken stabiler Schalenpolymorphismus trotz Genflusses in der Landschnecke Arianta arbustorum Journal of Zoological Systematics amp Evolutionary Research Mai 2009 Vol 47 Issue 2 p105 114 10p DOI 10 1111 j 1439 0469 2008 00488 x Minoretti Nicole Stoll Peter Baur Bruno 2013 Heritability of sperm length and adult shell size in the land snail Arianta arbustorum Linnaeus 1758 Journal of Molluscan Studies Aout 2013 Vol 79 Issue 3 p218 224 7p Schupbach Hans U Baur Bruno 2008 Parasitic mites influence fitness components of their host the land snail Arianta arbustorum Invertebrate Biology Vol 127 Issue 3 p350 356 7p 1 Chart 2 Graphs DOI 10 1111 j 1744 7410 2008 00138 x Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Arianta arbustorum amp oldid 1216797724, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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