Argyrosomus regius, also known as the meagre, croaker, jewfish, shade-fish, sowa, kir, corvina, salmon-bass or stone bass, is a species of fish of the family Sciaenidae. This large fish has a pearly-silver to brownish coloration and a yellow-coloured mouth. It is native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean, as well as the Mediterranean and Black Seas.[2]
Argyrosomus regius has a relatively large head with quite small eyes, the large mouth is at the terminal position and it has an elongated body. The lateral line is easily seen and extends all the way to the caudal fin. The rear dorsal fin is much longer than first one which has nine rays. The first ray of the anal fin is short and spiny while the second is very thin. The swim bladder contains several branched appendages which are vibrated to make a grunting sound which can be heard from up to 30m away and this grunting is produced by the males during the spawning season. The body colour is pearly-silver, with bronze traits dorsally. The fin bases are reddish brown and mouth cavity yellow-gold or salmon pink. The scales are large and every fourth scale is set at a different angle from the rest.[5][6] It can reach up to 2.3 m (7.5 ft) in total length and 103 kg (227 lb) in weight.[2]
Argyrosomus regius is a demersal, oceanodromous fish which is found in inshore waters and on the continental shelf, it can occur close to the bottom as well as in surface and mid-waters. The adults prey on grey mullet and clupeids such as sardines[6] which are actively pursued in open water. The adults gather in inshore waters to spawn during spring and summer. The juveniles and subadults prefer estuaries and coastal lagoons, and the health of recruitment into the adult population is possibly determined by the availability of these habitats. These fish are migratory, at all ages, migrating along shore or between offshore and inshore waters in response to temperature changes. A. regius feeds on fishes and swimming crustaceans and mostly occurs over sand, close to rocks, at depths of 1–200 m (3.3–656.2 ft), but commonly found at 15–100 m (49–328 ft). The three main spawning sites in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea are the Nile delta, Lévrier Bay, and the Gironde estuary and with large numbers of adults congregate at these sites between May and July.[1] Large schools of A. regius occur around wrecked ships that were deliberately sunk to create new habitat for a number of commercially caught species of fish. Most of their growth happens during the summer months and feeding activity is significantly reduced when the water temperature drops below 13–15 °C (55–59 °F).[5]
The newly hatched juveniles leave the estuaries where they spend the first few months at the end of summer and move into coastal waters with depths between 20 and 40 m (66–131 ft) where they spend the winter months. In the following spring they return to their estuarine feeding areas from the middle of May. Water temperature is the most important factor that determines the trophic migration and reproduction of meagre. An adult female A. regius measuring 1.2 m (3.9 ft) in length produces about 800,000 eggs and spawning occurs when the water temperature is 17–22 °C (63–72 °F). The juveniles eat small demersal fish and crustaceans switching to pelagic fish and cephalopods once they grow to 30–40 cm in length.[5]
Fisheriesedit
Argyrosomus regius is fished commercially using trawls, long lines, and hand lines. It is also a sport fishing quarry species.[1] Specimens of 1.8 m in length and over 50 kg in weight which were landed in Portugal in 2002 fetched over €200.[7] The main meagre fisheries are currently in Mauritania, Morocco, and Egypt and these account for over 80% of the annual world catch of around 10,000 tonnes. The European fisheries are comparatively small and are on the Atlantic coasts of Spain, Portugal and France with annual catches of 800 t in France, 400 t in Portugal and 150 t in Spain.[7]
Aquacultureedit
The farming of Argyrosomus regius is still rather experimental and involves intensive production, in land-based tanks and sea cages. There are few facilities established mainly in southern France where they are in the Camargue, Cannes, and Corsica, in Huelva, Spain, and at La Spezia and Laguna di Orbetello in Italy.[5] It is also produced in large quantities in Turkey.[citation needed]
Referencesedit
^ abcdPollard, D.A.; Bizsel, K. (2020). "Argyrosomus regius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T198706A130099146. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T198706A130099146.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
^ abcde"Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801)". Fishbase.org. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
^Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (21 May 2021). "Series Eupercaria (Incertae sedis): Families Callanthidae, Centrogenyidae, Dinolestidse, Dinopercidae, Emmelichthyidae, Malacanthidae, Monodactylidae, Moronidae, Parascorpididae, Sciaenidae and Sillaginidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
^ abc"Argyrosomus regius". British Marine Life Study Society. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
^ abPrista, Nuno Miguel Guerra Geoffroy (2013). "1" (PDF). Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801) fishery and ecology in Portuguese waters, with reference to its relationships to other European and African populations (Ph.D.). Universidad de Lisboa. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
External linksedit
List of names in the various countries (in Italian)
Taxonomy of genus Argyrosomus
January 01, 1970
argyrosomus, regius, also, known, meagre, croaker, jewfish, shade, fish, sowa, corvina, salmon, bass, stone, bass, species, fish, family, sciaenidae, this, large, fish, pearly, silver, brownish, coloration, yellow, coloured, mouth, native, eastern, atlantic, o. Argyrosomus regius also known as the meagre croaker jewfish shade fish sowa kir corvina salmon bass or stone bass is a species of fish of the family Sciaenidae This large fish has a pearly silver to brownish coloration and a yellow coloured mouth It is native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean as well as the Mediterranean and Black Seas 2 Argyrosomus regius Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Actinopterygii Order Acanthuriformes Family Sciaenidae Genus Argyrosomus Species A regius Binomial name Argyrosomus regiusAsso 1801 2 Synonyms 2 Sciaena aquila Cuvier 1817 Perca regia Asso 1801 Argyrosomus regium Asso 1801 Sciaena regius Asso 1801 Cheilodipterus aquila Lacepede 1803 Sciaena aquila Lacepede 1803 Perca vanloo Risso 1810 Argyrosomus procerus De la Pylaie 1835 Sciaena umbra non Linnaeus 1758 Johnius hololepidotus non Lacepede 1801 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Distribution 4 Behaviour and life history 5 Fisheries 6 Aquaculture 7 References 8 External linksTaxonomy editArgyrosomus regius was first formally described in 1801 as Perca regia by the Spanish diplomat naturalist lawyer and historian Ignacio Jordan Claudio de Asso y del Rio with the type locality given as La Rochelle in Charente Maritime on the Bay of Biscay coast of France 3 The specific name regius means royal This was not explained by Asso but may be a Latinisation of the Catalan name for this species reix 4 Description editArgyrosomus regius has a relatively large head with quite small eyes the large mouth is at the terminal position and it has an elongated body The lateral line is easily seen and extends all the way to the caudal fin The rear dorsal fin is much longer than first one which has nine rays The first ray of the anal fin is short and spiny while the second is very thin The swim bladder contains several branched appendages which are vibrated to make a grunting sound which can be heard from up to 30m away and this grunting is produced by the males during the spawning season The body colour is pearly silver with bronze traits dorsally The fin bases are reddish brown and mouth cavity yellow gold or salmon pink The scales are large and every fourth scale is set at a different angle from the rest 5 6 It can reach up to 2 3 m 7 5 ft in total length and 103 kg 227 lb in weight 2 nbsp Distribution editArgyrosomus regius is found in the eastern Atlantic from Norway to DR Congo including the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea It has colonised the Red Sea by migrating through the Suez Canal an anti Lessepsian migration 1 2 It is rare in the relatively cold far north of its range including off the British Isles three records and Scandinavia 6 Behaviour and life history editArgyrosomus regius is a demersal oceanodromous fish which is found in inshore waters and on the continental shelf it can occur close to the bottom as well as in surface and mid waters The adults prey on grey mullet and clupeids such as sardines 6 which are actively pursued in open water The adults gather in inshore waters to spawn during spring and summer The juveniles and subadults prefer estuaries and coastal lagoons and the health of recruitment into the adult population is possibly determined by the availability of these habitats These fish are migratory at all ages migrating along shore or between offshore and inshore waters in response to temperature changes A regius feeds on fishes and swimming crustaceans and mostly occurs over sand close to rocks at depths of 1 200 m 3 3 656 2 ft but commonly found at 15 100 m 49 328 ft The three main spawning sites in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea are the Nile delta Levrier Bay and the Gironde estuary and with large numbers of adults congregate at these sites between May and July 1 Large schools of A regius occur around wrecked ships that were deliberately sunk to create new habitat for a number of commercially caught species of fish Most of their growth happens during the summer months and feeding activity is significantly reduced when the water temperature drops below 13 15 C 55 59 F 5 The newly hatched juveniles leave the estuaries where they spend the first few months at the end of summer and move into coastal waters with depths between 20 and 40 m 66 131 ft where they spend the winter months In the following spring they return to their estuarine feeding areas from the middle of May Water temperature is the most important factor that determines the trophic migration and reproduction of meagre An adult female A regius measuring 1 2 m 3 9 ft in length produces about 800 000 eggs and spawning occurs when the water temperature is 17 22 C 63 72 F The juveniles eat small demersal fish and crustaceans switching to pelagic fish and cephalopods once they grow to 30 40 cm in length 5 Fisheries editArgyrosomus regius is fished commercially using trawls long lines and hand lines It is also a sport fishing quarry species 1 Specimens of 1 8 m in length and over 50 kg in weight which were landed in Portugal in 2002 fetched over 200 7 The main meagre fisheries are currently in Mauritania Morocco and Egypt and these account for over 80 of the annual world catch of around 10 000 tonnes The European fisheries are comparatively small and are on the Atlantic coasts of Spain Portugal and France with annual catches of 800 t in France 400 t in Portugal and 150 t in Spain 7 Aquaculture editThe farming of Argyrosomus regius is still rather experimental and involves intensive production in land based tanks and sea cages There are few facilities established mainly in southern France where they are in the Camargue Cannes and Corsica in Huelva Spain and at La Spezia and Laguna di Orbetello in Italy 5 It is also produced in large quantities in Turkey citation needed References edit a b c d Pollard D A Bizsel K 2020 Argyrosomus regius IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T198706A130099146 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2020 2 RLTS T198706A130099146 en Retrieved 20 November 2021 a b c d e Argyrosomus regius Asso 1801 Fishbase org Retrieved 26 December 2016 Eschmeyer William N Fricke Ron amp van der Laan Richard eds Species in the genus Argyrosomus Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences Retrieved 17 August 2021 Christopher Scharpf amp Kenneth J Lazara eds 21 May 2021 Series Eupercaria Incertae sedis Families Callanthidae Centrogenyidae Dinolestidse Dinopercidae Emmelichthyidae Malacanthidae Monodactylidae Moronidae Parascorpididae Sciaenidae and Sillaginidae The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J Lazara Retrieved 17 August 2021 a b c d Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme Argyrosomus regius Asso 1801 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Retrieved 26 December 2016 a b c Argyrosomus regius British Marine Life Study Society Retrieved 26 December 2016 a b Prista Nuno Miguel Guerra Geoffroy 2013 1 PDF Argyrosomus regius Asso 1801 fishery and ecology in Portuguese waters with reference to its relationships to other European and African populations Ph D Universidad de Lisboa Retrieved 26 December 2016 External links editList of names in the various countries in Italian Taxonomy of genus Argyrosomus Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Argyrosomus regius amp oldid 1184762087, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
