What today is commonly referred as the Independence of Argentina was declared on July 9, 1816, by the Congress of Tucumán. In reality, the congressmen who were assembled in Tucumán declared the independence of the United Provinces of South America, which is one of the official names of the Argentine Republic. The Federal League Provinces,[1] at war with the United Provinces, were not allowed into the Congress. At the same time, several provinces from the Upper Peru that would later become part of present-day Bolivia, were represented at the Congress.
Allegory of the Declaration of Independence, by Luis de Servi
When the Spanish monarchy resumed its functions in 1814, Spain was determined to recover control over its colonies in the Americas. Moreover, the royalists from Peru had been victorious at the battles of Sipe-Sipe, Huaqui, Vilcapugio and Ayohuma, in Upper Peru, and seriously threatened the United Provinces from the north.
The Congress was inaugurated in the city of Tucumán, with 33 deputies. The presidency of the Congress would be rotated monthly. Because the Congress had the freedom to choose topics to debate, endless discussions ensued.
The voting finally ended on July 9 with a declaration of independence. The Declaration pointed to the circumstances in Europe of the past six years—the removal of the King of Spain by the Napoleon and the subsequent refusal of Ferdinand VII to accept constitutional rule both in the Peninsula and overseas. The Document claimed that Spanish America recovered its sovereignty from the Crown of Castile in 1808, when Ferdinand VII had been deposed, and therefore, any union between the overseas dominions of Spain and the Peninsula had been dissolved. This was a legal concept that was also invoked by the other Spanish American declarations of independence, such as Venezuela's (1811) and Mexico's (1810), which were responding to the same events. The president of the Congress at the time was Francisco Narciso de Laprida, delegate from San Juan Province. Subsequent discussions centered on what form of government the emerging state should adopt.
The congress continued its work in Buenos Aires in 1817, but it got stopped in 1820 after the Battle of Cepeda, which deepened the differences between the Unitarian Party, who favored a strong central government, and the Federales, who favored a weak central government.
The house where the declaration was adopted has been rebuilt and is now a museum and monument: the House of Tucumán.
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This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations July 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message What today is commonly referred as the Independence of Argentina was declared on July 9 1816 by the Congress of Tucuman In reality the congressmen who were assembled in Tucuman declared the independence of the United Provinces of South America which is one of the official names of the Argentine Republic The Federal League Provinces 1 at war with the United Provinces were not allowed into the Congress At the same time several provinces from the Upper Peru that would later become part of present day Bolivia were represented at the Congress Allegory of the Declaration of Independence by Luis de Servi Contents 1 Causes 2 Development 3 Signatories of the declaration 4 Recognition of independence 5 Translations 6 See also 7 ReferencesCauses editThe 1810 May Revolution followed the deposition of the Spanish king Ferdinand VII by the Napoleonic French The revolution ended the authority of the Viceroy Cisneros and replaced it with the Primera Junta When the Spanish monarchy resumed its functions in 1814 Spain was determined to recover control over its colonies in the Americas Moreover the royalists from Peru had been victorious at the battles of Sipe Sipe Huaqui Vilcapugio and Ayohuma in Upper Peru and seriously threatened the United Provinces from the north On April 15 1815 a revolution ended the mandate of Carlos Maria de Alvear as Supreme Director and demanded that a General Congress be summoned Delegate deputies each representing 14 000 inhabitants were sent from all the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata to the sessions which started on March 24 1816 However the Federal League Provinces did not send delegates the Argentine littoral Provinces Santa Fe Entre Rios Corrientes and Misiones and the Eastern Province modern day Uruguay Development editThe Congress was inaugurated in the city of Tucuman with 33 deputies The presidency of the Congress would be rotated monthly Because the Congress had the freedom to choose topics to debate endless discussions ensued The voting finally ended on July 9 with a declaration of independence The Declaration pointed to the circumstances in Europe of the past six years the removal of the King of Spain by the Napoleon and the subsequent refusal of Ferdinand VII to accept constitutional rule both in the Peninsula and overseas The Document claimed that Spanish America recovered its sovereignty from the Crown of Castile in 1808 when Ferdinand VII had been deposed and therefore any union between the overseas dominions of Spain and the Peninsula had been dissolved This was a legal concept that was also invoked by the other Spanish American declarations of independence such as Venezuela s 1811 and Mexico s 1810 which were responding to the same events The president of the Congress at the time was Francisco Narciso de Laprida delegate from San Juan Province Subsequent discussions centered on what form of government the emerging state should adopt The congress continued its work in Buenos Aires in 1817 but it got stopped in 1820 after the Battle of Cepeda which deepened the differences between the Unitarian Party who favored a strong central government and the Federales who favored a weak central government The house where the declaration was adopted has been rebuilt and is now a museum and monument the House of Tucuman Signatories of the declaration editFrancisco Narciso de Laprida Deputy for San Juan President Mariano Boedo Deputy for Salta Vice president Jose Mariano Serrano Deputy for Charcas present day Bolivia Secretary Juan Jose Paso Deputy for Buenos Aires Secretary Dr Antonio Saenz Deputy for Buenos Aires Dr Jose Darragueira Deputy for Buenos Aires Friar Cayetano Jose Rodriguez Deputy for Buenos Aires Dr Pedro Medrano Deputy for Buenos Aires Dr Manuel Antonio Acevedo Deputy for Catamarca Dr Jose Ignacio de Gorriti Deputy for Salta Dr Jose Andres Pacheco de Melo Deputy for Chibchas present day Bolivia Dr Teodoro Sanchez de Bustamante Deputy for Jujuy Eduardo Perez Bulnes Deputy for Cordoba Tomas Godoy Cruz Deputy for Mendoza Dr Pedro Miguel Araoz Deputy for Tucuman Dr Esteban Agustin Gazcon Deputy for Buenos Aires Pedro Francisco de Uriarte Deputy for Santiago del Estero Pedro Leon Gallo Deputy for Santiago del Estero Pedro Ignacio Rivera Deputy for Mizque present day Bolivia Dr Mariano Sanchez de Loria Deputy for Charcas present day Bolivia Dr Jose Severo Malabia Deputy for Charcas present day Bolivia Dr Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros Deputy for La Rioja Lic Geronimo Salguero Deputy for Cordoba Dr Jose Colombres Deputy for Catamarca Dr Jose Ignacio Thames Deputy for Tucuman Friar Justo de Santa Maria de Oro Deputy for San Juan Jose Antonio Cabrera Deputy for Cordoba Dr Juan Agustin Maza Deputy for Mendoza Tomas Manuel de Anchorena Deputy for Buenos AiresRecognition of independence editKingdom of Hawaiʻi 1818 Portugal 1821 Brazil United States of America 1822 United Kingdom December 15 1823 France 1830 Denmark 1841United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway 1847 Spain April 29 1857Translations editThe Declaration of Independence of the United Provinces of South America was written in Spanish and then translated into Quechua and Aymara The version in Aymara is attributed to Vicente Pazos Kanki 1779 1852 2 nbsp Quechua version nbsp Aymara versionSee also editArgentine War of Independence Congress of Tucuman United Provinces of South AmericaReferences edit9 de Julio de 1816 Declaracion de la Independencia in Spanish Act of Independence Spanish Wikisource The Argentine Littoral provinces Santa Fe Entre Rios and Corrientes along with the Eastern Province present dayUruguay Una Declaracion de Independencia en aymara in Spanish 26 50 00 S 65 12 12 W 26 83333 S 65 20333 W 26 83333 65 20333 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org 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