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Architecture of New Zealand

November 21, 2023

Architecture of New Zealand is the built environment of regions, cities and towns of New Zealand.

History edit

Before British colonisation of New Zealand, the Indigenous architecture of Māori was an 'elaborate tradition of timber architecture'.[1] Māori constructed rectangular buildings (whare) with a 'small door, an extension of the roof and walls to form a porch, and an interior with hearths along the centre and sleeping places along the walls' for protection against the cold.[2]

As a British colony, the first European buildings were derivative of the European fashions of the time and most colonialists were from England so they reflected English ideas, the first settlers arrived in 1839.[2] Building in stone was realised to be problematic in a land with earthquakes, and there also a lot of timber.[1] There was a Gothic revival style of the 1840s–1860s, and early architects included Benjamin Mountfort and Frederick Thatcher.[2] Significant early colonial buildings include Stone Store, Kemp House (Kerikeri), Pompalier House, Waitangi Treaty House and Old St Paul's in Wellington.[3] In 1905 the New Zealand Institute of Architects was formed.[3]

 
House plans designed by Ernst and Anna Plischke

Between 1900 and 1930 is described as a neo-Classical period, notable architecture firms include Hoggard, Prouse and Gummer, Gummer and Ford, W. Gray Young and Cecil Wood.[3]

In the 1930s a modernist aesthetic was introduced to New Zealand, European architect Ernst Plischke was part of this and his wife Anna Plischke brought her European training in landscapes to influence how building related to the outside space around them.[2][4][5]

Later European and American styles also were built, for example in the early twentieth century the Californian Bungalow design of a single level wooden building with a verandah became common.[6]

Te Whare Rūnanga, the Māori meeting house on the Treaty of Waitangi grounds was opened on 6 February 1940.[7]

South Island developments edit

 
University of Otago Registry Building

Many of the more imposing structures in and around Dunedin and Christchurch were built in the latter part of the 19th century as a result of the economic boom following the Central Otago Gold Rush. A common style for these landmarks is the use of dark basalt blocks and facings of cream-coloured Oamaru stone, a form of limestone mined at Weston in North Otago. Notable buildings in this style include Dunedin Railway Station, the University of Otago Registry Building, Christchurch Arts Centre, Knox Church, Dunedin, ChristChurch Cathedral, Christchurch, Christ's College, Christchurch, Garrison Hall, Dunedin, parts of the Canterbury Provincial Council Buildings and Otago Boys' High School. Several more recent buildings have mimicked this style by using brick in place of basalt, but using lighter stone facings in an identical style to the older structures. Notable among these buildings are Otago Girls' High School and the Timaru Basilica. This region was able to call upon the talents of many fine architects during this period, among them Robert Lawson, Francis Petre, Benjamin Mountfort, and George Troup.

 
The St Mary's Basilica in Invercargill was designed by Francis Petre, a renowned New Zealand architect.

Oamaru stone, despite its susceptibility to the elements, is used as a major construction material on several fine buildings, most obviously in the town of Oamaru itself. The historic sector of this town contains numerous fine buildings built in this creamy stone, among them the Forrester Gallery and Waitaki District Council building. Waitaki Boys' High School is also a prime example of the use of Oamaru stone architecture.

The Otago town of Ranfurly, which expanded during the 1930s, is also noted for its Art Deco architecture.

Sustainable building edit

Main article: Green building in New Zealand

Effects of earthquakes edit

Napier and Christchurch have suffered damage to numerous heritage buildings as a result of earthquakes. Napier was rebuilt after a 1931 earthquake in an Art Deco style, which was popular at that time. The 2010 and 2011 earthquakes damaged many buildings and sceneries in Christchurch as well as the Canterbury region.

Architectural education edit

Victoria University of Wellington, Unitec, ARA Institute, Auckland University of Technology (AUT) and the University of Auckland train future architects.

Organisations edit

Gallery edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Leach, Andrew; Moulis, Antony; Sully, Nicole (2008-01-01). Shifting Views: Selected Essays on the Architectural History of Australia and New Zealand. University of Queensland Press. ISBN 978-0-7022-3660-0.
  2. ^ a b c d Swarbrick, Nancy (8 Feb 2005). "Creative life - Architecture'". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
  3. ^ a b c Walker, Charles (2005-01-01). Exquisite apart : 100 years of architecture in New Zealand. Balasoglou Books, New Zealand Institute of Architects. ISBN 978-0-476-01366-7.
  4. ^ "Black and white photograph of house exterior, designed by E. A. and Anna Plischke | NZETC". nzetc.victoria.ac.nz. Retrieved 2023-05-20.
  5. ^ "Women, modernity, and landscape architecture". monz.on.worldcat.org. Retrieved 2023-05-20.
  6. ^ "The story up to now". NZ Institute of Architects. Retrieved 2023-05-20.
  7. ^ "Māori Carved Meeting House". Waitangi Treaty Grounds. Retrieved 2023-05-22.

External links edit

  • New Zealand Registered Architects Board (NZRAB)
  • New Zealand Institute of Architects

November 21, 2023
architecture, zealand, built, environment, regions, cities, towns, zealand, contents, history, south, island, developments, sustainable, building, effects, earthquakes, architectural, education, organisations, gallery, also, references, external, linkshistory,. Architecture of New Zealand is the built environment of regions cities and towns of New Zealand Contents 1 History 1 1 South Island developments 2 Sustainable building 3 Effects of earthquakes 4 Architectural education 5 Organisations 6 Gallery 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksHistory editBefore British colonisation of New Zealand the Indigenous architecture of Maori was an elaborate tradition of timber architecture 1 Maori constructed rectangular buildings whare with a small door an extension of the roof and walls to form a porch and an interior with hearths along the centre and sleeping places along the walls for protection against the cold 2 As a British colony the first European buildings were derivative of the European fashions of the time and most colonialists were from England so they reflected English ideas the first settlers arrived in 1839 2 Building in stone was realised to be problematic in a land with earthquakes and there also a lot of timber 1 There was a Gothic revival style of the 1840s 1860s and early architects included Benjamin Mountfort and Frederick Thatcher 2 Significant early colonial buildings include Stone Store Kemp House Kerikeri Pompalier House Waitangi Treaty House and Old St Paul s in Wellington 3 In 1905 the New Zealand Institute of Architects was formed 3 nbsp Treaty House from the back built in 1833 34 nbsp Stone Store oldest stone building in New Zealand 1836 nbsp Whare mid 1870s man at front is the Chief Tahau nbsp State house Petone constructed in 1906 designed by Cecil Wood nbsp Rua Kenana Hepetipa s circular meeting house at Maungapohatu circa 1908 nbsp Old St Paul s cathedral opened June 1866 nbsp Pataka storehouse image 1950s Whakarewarewa nbsp House plans designed by Ernst and Anna PlischkeBetween 1900 and 1930 is described as a neo Classical period notable architecture firms include Hoggard Prouse and Gummer Gummer and Ford W Gray Young and Cecil Wood 3 In the 1930s a modernist aesthetic was introduced to New Zealand European architect Ernst Plischke was part of this and his wife Anna Plischke brought her European training in landscapes to influence how building related to the outside space around them 2 4 5 Later European and American styles also were built for example in the early twentieth century the Californian Bungalow design of a single level wooden building with a verandah became common 6 Te Whare Runanga the Maori meeting house on the Treaty of Waitangi grounds was opened on 6 February 1940 7 South Island developments edit nbsp University of Otago Registry BuildingMany of the more imposing structures in and around Dunedin and Christchurch were built in the latter part of the 19th century as a result of the economic boom following the Central Otago Gold Rush A common style for these landmarks is the use of dark basalt blocks and facings of cream coloured Oamaru stone a form of limestone mined at Weston in North Otago Notable buildings in this style include Dunedin Railway Station the University of Otago Registry Building Christchurch Arts Centre Knox Church Dunedin ChristChurch Cathedral Christchurch Christ s College Christchurch Garrison Hall Dunedin parts of the Canterbury Provincial Council Buildings and Otago Boys High School Several more recent buildings have mimicked this style by using brick in place of basalt but using lighter stone facings in an identical style to the older structures Notable among these buildings are Otago Girls High School and the Timaru Basilica This region was able to call upon the talents of many fine architects during this period among them Robert Lawson Francis Petre Benjamin Mountfort and George Troup nbsp The St Mary s Basilica in Invercargill was designed by Francis Petre a renowned New Zealand architect Oamaru stone despite its susceptibility to the elements is used as a major construction material on several fine buildings most obviously in the town of Oamaru itself The historic sector of this town contains numerous fine buildings built in this creamy stone among them the Forrester Gallery and Waitaki District Council building Waitaki Boys High School is also a prime example of the use of Oamaru stone architecture The Otago town of Ranfurly which expanded during the 1930s is also noted for its Art Deco architecture Sustainable building editMain article Green building in New ZealandEffects of earthquakes editNapier and Christchurch have suffered damage to numerous heritage buildings as a result of earthquakes Napier was rebuilt after a 1931 earthquake in an Art Deco style which was popular at that time The 2010 and 2011 earthquakes damaged many buildings and sceneries in Christchurch as well as the Canterbury region Architectural education editVictoria University of Wellington Unitec ARA Institute Auckland University of Technology AUT and the University of Auckland train future architects Organisations editArchitecture Women NZ New Zealand s professional organisation of women in architecture Heritage New Zealand a non profit autonomous Crown entity was set up through the Historic Places Act 1954 as the New Zealand Historic Places Trust to protect New Zealand s historical and cultural heritage including notable buildings New Zealand Institute of Architects is a professional organisation that promotes architects and provides services to its membership Not all New Zealand architects are members of the NZIA Members pay an annual subscription New Zealand Registered Architects Board is a statutory board that assesses registers and monitors architects in New Zealand Wellington Architectural Centre SAHANZ Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand Gallery edit nbsp Waitetoko Church near Lake Taupō nbsp Waiwhetu marae nbsp Kerikeri Mission House nbsp The birthplace of Katherine Mansfield in Thorndon Wellington nbsp An art deco building in Ranfurly near Otago nbsp The Wellington Harbour Board Head Office and Bond Store nbsp Greytown First Masonic Hall nbsp Lopdell House in Titirangi Auckland nbsp The Pah Homestead a historic home in the Auckland suburb of Hillsborough nbsp Auckland War Memorial Museum Tamaki Paenga Hira nbsp Futuna Chapel in Karori Wellington incorporates a number of architectural stylesSee also edit nbsp Architecture portalList of New Zealand architects Housing in New Zealand Culture of New Zealand New Zealand performing arts venuesReferences edit a b Leach Andrew Moulis Antony Sully Nicole 2008 01 01 Shifting Views Selected Essays on the Architectural History of Australia and New Zealand University of Queensland Press ISBN 978 0 7022 3660 0 a b c d Swarbrick Nancy 8 Feb 2005 Creative life Architecture Te Ara the Encyclopedia of New Zealand a b c Walker Charles 2005 01 01 Exquisite apart 100 years of architecture in New Zealand Balasoglou Books New Zealand Institute of Architects ISBN 978 0 476 01366 7 Black and white photograph of house exterior designed by E A and Anna Plischke NZETC nzetc victoria ac nz Retrieved 2023 05 20 Women modernity and landscape architecture monz on worldcat org Retrieved 2023 05 20 The story up to now NZ Institute of Architects Retrieved 2023 05 20 Maori Carved Meeting House Waitangi Treaty Grounds Retrieved 2023 05 22 External links editNew Zealand Registered Architects Board NZRAB Register of New Zealand Architects New Zealand Institute of Architects Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Architecture of New Zealand amp oldid 1182329560, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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