Under Early Caliphs buildings and Mosques were built. The city of Basra was founded by caliph Omar.
Kufa was also founded by Omar and given its name in 637–638 CE, about the same time as Basra. The region of Iraq was the important Military base of early Caliphate
The Umayyad caliphate was established in 661, when Caliph Hasanabdicated to Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan, founder of the Umayyad dynasty. Muawiyah I, governor of Syria, became the first Umayyad caliph. Under the Umayyads the Arab empire continued to expand, eventually extending to Central Asia and the borders of India in the east, Yemen in the south, the Atlantic coast of what is now Morocco and the Iberian peninsula in the west.[3] The Umayyads built new cities, often unfortified military camps that provided bases for further conquests. Wasit in Iraq was the most important of these, and included a square Friday mosque with a hypostyle roof.[3]
In the mid 8th century, the Round city of Baghdad was founded as the Abbasid capital, following the Abbasid victory over the Umayyad caliphate. While the Umayyads had typically reused pre-Islamic buildings in the cities they had conquered, by the Abbasid era many of these structures required replacement. Abbasids founded many cities throughout the Empire. In 836 Samarra was founded. The core area of the city was initially constructed in the reign of al-Mu'tasim, with further development taking place under al-Wathiq and al-Mutawakkil.[4]
In the 1950s, as Iraq became wealthier due to oil revenue during the reign of King Faisal II, several important projects were commissioned. Numerous foreign architects, including Walter Groupius and Le Corbusier were invited to Iraq to design various public buildings during this period.[5] Among these was American architect Frank Lloyd Wright, who drew up the Plan for Greater Baghdad, which would include a cultural center, opera house, and university on the outskirts of Baghdad.[5] However, it was never built due to the collapse of the monarchy in 1958.
Post 1958edit
During his tenure as President, Saddam Hussein oversaw the construction of several monuments and palaces, including the Victory Arch and al Faw Palace.[6] Many of these have been described as tacky, and unrepresentative of actual Iraqi architectural tradition.[7][8]
Referencesedit
^"The Ahwar of Southern Iraq: Refuge of Biodiversity and the Relict Landscape of the Mesopotamian Cities". UNESCO. from the original on 2016-07-21. Retrieved 2021-01-30.
^"Samarra Archaeological City". UNESCO. from the original on 2007-09-12. Retrieved 2021-01-30.
^ ab"CNN.com - Frank Lloyd Wright's plans for greater Baghdad - Sep. 29, 2003". edition.cnn.com. from the original on 2004-09-17. Retrieved 2021-01-30.
^"Saddam Hussain's architectural heritage—and what to do with it". Archinect. from the original on 2016-09-16. Retrieved 2021-01-30.
^Donaldson-Evans, Catherine (2015-03-25). "Saddam's Palaces Are Tasteless and Tacky". Fox News. Retrieved 2021-01-30.
^"Architecture After Excess: The Palaces of Saddam's Baghdad". Failed Architecture. Retrieved 2021-01-29.
Bibliographyedit
Al-Janabi, Tariq Jawad (1982). Studies In Mediaeval Iraqi Architecture. Baghdad: Republic of Iraq. Iraq: Ministry of Culture and Information State Organization of Antiquities and Heritage.
Le Strange, Guy (1900). Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate from contemporary Arabic and Persian Sources.
Northedge, Alastair (2008). The Historical Topography of Samarra: Samarra Studies I. London: The British School of Archeology in Iraq. ISBN9780903472227.
Petersen, Andrew (2002-03-11). Dictionary of Islamic Architecture. Taylor & Francis. ISBN978-0-203-20387-3. Retrieved 2013-03-06.
January 01, 1970
architecture, iraq, architecture, iraq, encompasses, buildings, various, architectural, styles, that, exist, iraq, uruk, contents, mesopotamian, islamic, early, caliphate, umayyad, architecture, abbasid, architecture, ottoman, modern, kingdom, iraq, post, 1958. The architecture of Iraq encompasses the buildings of various architectural styles that exist in Iraq Uruk 1 Contents 1 Mesopotamian 2 Islamic 2 1 Early Caliphate 2 2 Umayyad architecture 2 3 Abbasid architecture 2 4 Ottoman 3 Modern 3 1 Kingdom of Iraq 3 2 Post 1958 4 References 4 1 BibliographyMesopotamian editFurther information Architecture of MesopotamiaThis section is empty You can help by adding to it January 2021 Islamic edit nbsp The spiral minaret of the Great Mosque of Samarra 2 Islamic architecture would flourish during the Umayyad Abbasid and Ottoman periods Early Caliphate edit See also Rashidun Caliphate Islamic architecture Kufa and Basra Under Early Caliphs buildings and Mosques were built The city of Basra was founded by caliph Omar Kufa was also founded by Omar and given its name in 637 638 CE about the same time as Basra The region of Iraq was the important Military base of early Caliphate Umayyad architecture edit See also Umayyad architecture Umayyad architecture developed in the Umayyad Caliphate between 661 and 750 primarily in its heartlands of Syria Palestine and Iraq The Umayyad caliphate was established in 661 when Caliph Hasan abdicated to Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan founder of the Umayyad dynasty Muawiyah I governor of Syria became the first Umayyad caliph Under the Umayyads the Arab empire continued to expand eventually extending to Central Asia and the borders of India in the east Yemen in the south the Atlantic coast of what is now Morocco and the Iberian peninsula in the west 3 The Umayyads built new cities often unfortified military camps that provided bases for further conquests Wasit in Iraq was the most important of these and included a square Friday mosque with a hypostyle roof 3 Abbasid architecture edit See also Abbasid architecture In the mid 8th century the Round city of Baghdad was founded as the Abbasid capital following the Abbasid victory over the Umayyad caliphate While the Umayyads had typically reused pre Islamic buildings in the cities they had conquered by the Abbasid era many of these structures required replacement Abbasids founded many cities throughout the Empire In 836 Samarra was founded The core area of the city was initially constructed in the reign of al Mu tasim with further development taking place under al Wathiq and al Mutawakkil 4 Ottoman edit The Al Wazeer Mosque Al Maqam Mosque are examples of Ottoman architecture in Iraq Modern editKingdom of Iraq edit In the 1950s as Iraq became wealthier due to oil revenue during the reign of King Faisal II several important projects were commissioned Numerous foreign architects including Walter Groupius and Le Corbusier were invited to Iraq to design various public buildings during this period 5 Among these was American architect Frank Lloyd Wright who drew up the Plan for Greater Baghdad which would include a cultural center opera house and university on the outskirts of Baghdad 5 However it was never built due to the collapse of the monarchy in 1958 Post 1958 edit During his tenure as President Saddam Hussein oversaw the construction of several monuments and palaces including the Victory Arch and al Faw Palace 6 Many of these have been described as tacky and unrepresentative of actual Iraqi architectural tradition 7 8 References edit The Ahwar of Southern Iraq Refuge of Biodiversity and the Relict Landscape of the Mesopotamian Cities UNESCO Archived from the original on 2016 07 21 Retrieved 2021 01 30 Samarra Archaeological City UNESCO Archived from the original on 2007 09 12 Retrieved 2021 01 30 a b Petersen 2002 p 295 Northedge 2008 pp 97 100 122 ff a b CNN com Frank Lloyd Wright s plans for greater Baghdad Sep 29 2003 edition cnn com Archived from the original on 2004 09 17 Retrieved 2021 01 30 Saddam Hussain s architectural heritage and what to do with it Archinect Archived from the original on 2016 09 16 Retrieved 2021 01 30 Donaldson Evans Catherine 2015 03 25 Saddam s Palaces Are Tasteless and Tacky Fox News Retrieved 2021 01 30 Architecture After Excess The Palaces of Saddam s Baghdad Failed Architecture Retrieved 2021 01 29 Bibliography edit Al Janabi Tariq Jawad 1982 Studies In Mediaeval Iraqi Architecture Baghdad Republic of Iraq Iraq Ministry of Culture and Information State Organization of Antiquities and Heritage Le Strange Guy 1900 Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate from contemporary Arabic and Persian Sources Northedge Alastair 2008 The Historical Topography of Samarra Samarra Studies I London The British School of Archeology in Iraq ISBN 9780903472227 Petersen Andrew 2002 03 11 Dictionary of Islamic Architecture Taylor amp Francis ISBN 978 0 203 20387 3 Retrieved 2013 03 06 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Architecture of Iraq amp oldid 1207054472, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
