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Architecture of Barcelona

March 04, 2023

The architecture of Barcelona has had a parallel evolution to that of the rest of the Catalan and Spanish architecture, and has followed in diverse ways the multiple trends that have been produced in the context of the history of Western architecture. Throughout its history, Barcelona has welcomed various cultures and civilizations, which have contributed their concept of art and have left their legacy for posterity, from the first Iberian settlers, through the Roman colonizers, the Visigoths, and a brief Islamic period, until the emergence in the Middle Ages of Catalan art, language and culture, in which the Romanesque and Gothic were very fruitful periods for the artistic development of the region.

Sagrada Família, a UNESCO World Heritage Site

History

During the Modern Age, when the Barcelona City was linked to the Hispanic Monarchy, the main styles were the Renaissance and the Baroque, developed from foreign styles coming from Italy and France. These styles were applied with various local variants, and although some authors claim that it was not a particularly splendid period, the quality of the works was in line with that of the state as a whole.[1]

The nineteenth century led to a certain economic and cultural revitalization, which reflected in one of the most fruitful periods in the city's architecture, Modernisme. Until the nineteenth century, Barcelona was corseted by its walls of medieval origin, being considered a military place, so its growth was limited. The situation changed with the demolition of the walls and the donation to the city of the Parc de la Ciutadella, which led to the expansion of the city along the adjoining plain, a fact that was reflected in the Eixample project designed by Ildefonso Cerdá. This was the largest territorial expansion of Barcelona. Another significant increase in the area of the city was the annexation of several bordering municipalities between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. All this meant the adaptation of the new urban spaces and an increase in municipal artistic commissions on public roads, which were also favored by various events held in the city such as the Universal Exhibition of 1888 and the International of 1929 or, more recently, for the Olympic Games of 1992 and the Universal Forum of the Cultures of 2004.

The twentieth century began with the updating of the various styles produced by Barcelonian architects, which connected with international currents. The architectural development in recent years and the commitment to design and innovation, as well as the link between urban planning, ecological values, and sustainability, have turned Barcelona into one of the most cutting-edge European cities in the architectural field, which has been recognized with numerous awards and distinctions such as the Royal Gold Medal of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) in 1999 and the prize of the Venice Biennale in 2002.[2]

The architectural heritage of the city enjoys a special protection in virtue of the Law 9/1993 of the Catalan Cultural Heritage, that guarantees the protection, conservation, research and diffusion of the cultural heritage, with several degrees of coverage: level To (Cultural Good of National Interest), level B (Cultural Good of Local Interest), level C (Good of Interest Urbanístic) and level D (Good of Documentary Interest).[3]

Location

Barcelona, capital of the autonomous community of Catalonia, is found in the Spanish Levante, on the coast Mediterranean. It is situated in a plain about 5 km wide, bordered by the sea and the saw of Collserola – with the peak of the Tibidabo (516,2 m) as a point higher – as well as the deltas of the rivers Besòs and Llobregat. Above the coastline and separating the city of the delta of the Llobregat is mountain of Montjuïc (184,8 m). Likewise, since the sight of Collserola advance to the flat several hills that follow a parallel line to the littoral sight: they are the hills of the Peira (133 m), the Rovira (261 m), the Carmel (267 m), the Creueta of the Neck (249 m), the Putget (181 m) and Monterols (121 m).[5]

Antiquity

Prehistory

 
Roman archaeological remains, Museum of the History of Barcelona

There is scarce vestiges of prehistoric period to the city. If well it is ascertained the human presence in the paleolithic, the first rests regarding the architecture proceed of the neolíthic, period in which the human being went back sedentary and happened of a subsistència based in the hunting and the recol·lecció to an agrarian economy and farmer. These first vestiges proceed of finals of the neolític (3500 - 1800 BC), and manifest mainly for the practices funeràries with sepulcres of pit, that were used to be of quite a lot depth and revestides of slabs. An exponent thereof is the grave discovered the 1917 to the spilling southwest of the hill of Monterols, between the streets of Muntaner and Copèrnic; of imprecise dating, has 60 cm of high and 80 of wide, and was formed by slabs flat of irregular shape. Regarding habitacles, of this period only has found a bottom of cabin in what is the current station of Saint Andreu Comtal.[4]

Of the Bronze Age (1800–800 BC) there is equally few rests regarding the plan of Barcelona. The main proceed of a jaciment discovered the 1990 to the street of Saint Pau, where have found rests of fireplaces and sepultures of inhumació individual. Also they are surely of this period the rests found the 1931 to Can Casanoves, behind the Hospital of Saint Pau, where have found rests of walls of stone and the bottoms of three circular cabins of some 180 cm of diameter. They exist for other band witnesses written of two megalithic monuments, situated in Montjuïc and Field of the Harp, of those that nevertheless has not remained any rastre material. Finally, of the calcolític final there are some scarce rests of the called «culture of the fields of urns», found to the farm of Can Don Joan, to Horta, and to the south slope-oriental of the mountain of Montjuïc, between the paths of the Ancient Mill and the Source of the Mamella.

Iberian period

 
Area inhabited by the Laietani

In the 6th century BC and the 1st century BC the plan of Barcelona was occupied by the Laietani, an Iberian people that occupied the current comarques of the Barcelonès, the Vallès, the Maresme and the Bass Llobregat. The Iberian architecture based in murs of tapial, with a system adovellat, with false arches and turns realised by approach of spun. Cities used to be located in acropolis, with towers and solid walls for the defence, within which the houses were located, of an irregular distribution, generally with a rectangular plan.[5]

In Barcelona there are hardly any Iberian architectural remains; the main vestiges of this culture were found in the hills of La Rovira, Peira and Putget, as well as in Santa Cruz de Olorde in Tibidabo, but they have not allowed establishing special characteristics with regard to funeral homes or sepulchres. The main remains come from Rovira, where in 1931 vestiges of an Iberian settlement were found that were destroyed when anti-aircraft batteries were installed during the Spanish Civil War. Apparently, it had a wall with two accesses, while located outside the walls there was a set of silos with 44 deposits carved into the rock.[6]

The main Iberian settlement in the area was in Montjuïc, possibly the 'Barkeno', although the urbanization of the mountain in recent years and its intensive use as a stone quarry throughout the history of the city has caused the loss of most remains. In 1928, nine large capacity silos were discovered in the Magòria area, which would probably be part of an agricultural surplus warehouse. On the other hand, in 1984 remains of a settlement were found on the southwest slope of the mountain, on a plot of about 2 or 3 hectares.

Roman period

 
The remaining columns of the Temple of Augustus

In the third century BC C. the Romans arrived in the Iberian peninsula and began a colonization process that culminated in the incorporation of all Hispania into the Roman Empire. In the 1st century BC Barcino (Roman Barcelona) was founded, a small walled town that took the urban form of castrum and later oppidum. The Romans were great experts in civil architecture and engineering and provided roads, bridges, aqueducts and cities with a rational layout and basic services such as sewers.

The Barcino quarter was walled, with a perimeter of 1.5 km, which protected an area of 10.4 hectares. The first city wall, of simple factory, began to be built in the 1st century BC. It had few towers, only at the angles and at the gates of the walled perimeter. However, the first incursions of francs and Alamani from the 250s raised the need to reinforce the walls, which were extended in the fourth century. The new wall was built on the bases of the first, and was formed by a double wall of 2 metres, with space in half filled with stone and mortar. The wall consisted of 74 towers about 18 meters high, mostly rectangular.[7]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Triadó, 1984, p. 18.
  2. ^ DDAA, 2002, p. 18.
  3. ^ Patrimoni arquitectònic
  4. ^ DDAA, 1991, p. 113-114.
  5. ^ Azcárate Ristori; Pérez Sánchez; Ramírez Domínguez, 1983, p. 50.
  6. ^ DDAA, 1991, p. 127.
  7. ^ DDAA, 1998, p. 61.

References

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  • DDAA. Arte contemporáneo. Barcelona: Folio, 2006. ISBN 84-413-2179-5
  • DDAA. Barcelona. Guia de la ciutat. Barcelona: Ajuntament de Barcelona, 2002. ISBN 84-7609-702-6
  • DDAA. El llibre d'or de l'art català. Barcelona: Edicions Primera Plana, 1997.
  • DDAA. Els Barris de Barcelona I. Ciutat Vella, L'Eixample. Barcelona: Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana, 1999. ISBN 84-412-2768-3
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  • DDAA. Gaudí. Hàbitat, natura i cosmos. Barcelona: Lunwerg, 2001. ISBN 84-7782-799-0
  • DDAA. Història de Barcelona 1. La ciutat antiga. Barcelona: Enciclopèdia catalana, 1991. ISBN 84-7739-179-3
  • DDAA. Història de Barcelona 2. La formació de la Barcelona medieval. Barcelona: Enciclopèdia catalana, 1992. |ISBN 84-7739-398-2
  • DDAA. Història de Barcelona 6. La ciutat industrial (1833-1897). Barcelona: Enciclopèdia catalana, 1995. ISBN 84-7739-809-7
  • DDAA. Història de l'art català. Barcelona: Edicions 62, 2005. ISBN 84-297-1997-0
  • DDAA. Sagnier. Arquitecte, Barcelona 1858-1931. Barcelona: Antonio Sagnier Bassas, 2007. ISBN 978-84-612-0215-7
  • Albert de Paco, José María. El arte de reconocer los estilos arquitectónicos. Barcelona: Optima, 2007. ISBN 978-84-96250-72-7
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  • Azcárate Ristori, José María de; Pérez Sánchez, Alfonso Emilio; Ramírez Domínguez, Juan Antonio. Historia del Arte. Madrid: Anaya, 1983. ISBN 84-207-1408-9
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  • Baldellou, Miguel Ángel; Capitel, Antón. Summa Artis XL: Arquitectura española del siglo XX. Madrid: Espasa Calpe, 2001. ISBN 84-239-5482-X
  • Barjau, Santi. Enric Sagnier. Barcelona: Labor, 1992. ISBN 84-335-4802-6
  • Barral i Altet, Xavier; Beseran, Pere; Canalda, Sílvia; Guardià, Marta; Jornet, Núria. Guia del Patrimoni Monumental i Artístic de Catalunya, vol. 1. Barcelona: Pòrtic, 2000. ISBN 84-7306-947-1
  • Bassegoda i Nonell, Joan. Gaudí o espacio, luz y equilibrio. Madrid: Criterio, 2002. ISBN 84-95437-10-4
  • Bergós i Massó, Joan. Gaudí, l'home i l'obra. Barcelona: Lunwerg, 1999. ISBN 84-7782-617-X
  • Chilvers, Ian. Diccionario de arte. Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 2007. ISBN 978-84-206-6170-4
  • Corredor-Matheos, Josep. Història de l'art català vol. IX. La segona meitat del segle XX. Barcelona: Edicions 62, 2001. ISBN 84-297-4120-8
  • Crippa, Maria Antonietta. Gaudí. Köln: Taschen, 2007. ISBN 978-3-8228-2519-8
  • Dalmases, Núria de; José i Pitarch, Antoni. Història de l'art català III. L'art gòtic, s. XIV-XV. Barcelona: Edicions 62, 1998. ISBN 84-297-2104-5
  • Fernández Polanco, Aurora. Fin de siglo: Simbolismo y Art Nouveau. Madrid: Historia 16, 1989. DL M. 32415-1989.
  • Flores, Carlos. Les lliçons de Gaudí. Barcelona: Ed. Empúries, 2002. ISBN 84-7596-949-6
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  • Fontbona, Francesc; Miralles, Francesc. Història de l'art català VII. Del modernisme al noucentisme 1888-1917. Barcelona: Edicions 62, 2001. ISBN 84-297-2282-3
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  • Garrut, Josep Maria. L'Exposició Universal de Barcelona de 1888. Barcelona: Ajuntament de Barcelona, Delegació de Cultura, 1976. ISBN 84-500-1498-0
  • Gausa, Manuel; Cervelló, Marta; Pla, Maurici. Barcelona: guía de arquitectura moderna 1860-2002. Barcelona: ACTAR, 2002. ISBN 84-89698-47-3
  • Giorgi, Rosa. El siglo XVII. Barcelona: Electa, 2007. ISBN 978-84-8156-420-4
  • González, Antonio Manuel. Las claves del arte. Últimas tendencias. Barcelona: Planeta, 1991. ISBN 84-320-9702-0
  • Grandas, M. Carmen. L'Exposició Internacional de Barcelona de 1929. Sant Cugat del Vallès: Els llibres de la frontera, 1988. ISBN 84-85709-68-3
  • Hernàndez i Cardona, Francesc Xavier. Barcelona, Història d'una ciutat. Barcelona: Llibres de l'Índex, 2001. ISBN 84-95317-22-2
  • Huertas, Josep Maria; Capilla, Antoni; Maspoch, Mònica. Ruta del Modernismo. Barcelona: Institut Municipal del Paisatge Urbà i la Qualitat de Vida, Ajuntament de Barcelona, 2005. ISBN 84-934169-3-2
  • Lacuesta, Raquel; González, Antoni. Barcelona, guía de arquitectura 1929-2000. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili, 1999. ISBN 84-252-1801-2
  • Lacuesta, Raquel; González, Antoni. Guía de arquitectura modernista en Cataluña. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili, 1997. ISBN 84-252-1430-0
  • Lecea, Ignasi de; Fabre, Jaume; Grandas, Carme; Huertas, Josep M.; Remesar, Antoni Art públic de Barcelona. Barcelona: Ajuntament de Barcelona i Àmbit Serveis Editorials, 2009. ISBN 978-84-96645-08-0
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  • Midant, Jean-Paul. Diccionario Akal de la Arquitectura del siglo XX. Madrid: Akal, 2004. ISBN 84-460-1747-4
  • Miralles, Francesc. Història de l'art català VIII. L'època de les avantguardes 1917-1970. Barcelona: Edicions 62, 2001. ISBN 84-297-1998-9
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  • Pla, Maurici. Catalunya. Guia d'arquitectura moderna 1880-2007. Sant Lluís (Menorca): Triangle, 2007. ISBN 978-84-8478-007-6
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March 04, 2023
architecture, barcelona, this, article, contains, translated, text, factual, accuracy, translation, should, checked, someone, fluent, catalan, english, architecture, barcelona, parallel, evolution, that, rest, catalan, spanish, architecture, followed, diverse,. This article contains translated text and the factual accuracy of the translation should be checked by someone fluent in Catalan and English The architecture of Barcelona has had a parallel evolution to that of the rest of the Catalan and Spanish architecture and has followed in diverse ways the multiple trends that have been produced in the context of the history of Western architecture Throughout its history Barcelona has welcomed various cultures and civilizations which have contributed their concept of art and have left their legacy for posterity from the first Iberian settlers through the Roman colonizers the Visigoths and a brief Islamic period until the emergence in the Middle Ages of Catalan art language and culture in which the Romanesque and Gothic were very fruitful periods for the artistic development of the region Sagrada Familia a UNESCO World Heritage Site Contents 1 History 2 Location 3 Antiquity 3 1 Prehistory 3 2 Iberian period 3 3 Roman period 4 See also 5 Notes 6 ReferencesHistory EditDuring the Modern Age when the Barcelona City was linked to the Hispanic Monarchy the main styles were the Renaissance and the Baroque developed from foreign styles coming from Italy and France These styles were applied with various local variants and although some authors claim that it was not a particularly splendid period the quality of the works was in line with that of the state as a whole 1 The nineteenth century led to a certain economic and cultural revitalization which reflected in one of the most fruitful periods in the city s architecture Modernisme Until the nineteenth century Barcelona was corseted by its walls of medieval origin being considered a military place so its growth was limited The situation changed with the demolition of the walls and the donation to the city of the Parc de la Ciutadella which led to the expansion of the city along the adjoining plain a fact that was reflected in the Eixample project designed by Ildefonso Cerda This was the largest territorial expansion of Barcelona Another significant increase in the area of the city was the annexation of several bordering municipalities between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries All this meant the adaptation of the new urban spaces and an increase in municipal artistic commissions on public roads which were also favored by various events held in the city such as the Universal Exhibition of 1888 and the International of 1929 or more recently for the Olympic Games of 1992 and the Universal Forum of the Cultures of 2004 The twentieth century began with the updating of the various styles produced by Barcelonian architects which connected with international currents The architectural development in recent years and the commitment to design and innovation as well as the link between urban planning ecological values and sustainability have turned Barcelona into one of the most cutting edge European cities in the architectural field which has been recognized with numerous awards and distinctions such as the Royal Gold Medal of the Royal Institute of British Architects RIBA in 1999 and the prize of the Venice Biennale in 2002 2 The architectural heritage of the city enjoys a special protection in virtue of the Law 9 1993 of the Catalan Cultural Heritage that guarantees the protection conservation research and diffusion of the cultural heritage with several degrees of coverage level To Cultural Good of National Interest level B Cultural Good of Local Interest level C Good of Interest Urbanistic and level D Good of Documentary Interest 3 Location EditBarcelona capital of the autonomous community of Catalonia is found in the Spanish Levante on the coast Mediterranean It is situated in a plain about 5 km wide bordered by the sea and the saw of Collserola with the peak of the Tibidabo 516 2 m as a point higher as well as the deltas of the rivers Besos and Llobregat Above the coastline and separating the city of the delta of the Llobregat is mountain of Montjuic 184 8 m Likewise since the sight of Collserola advance to the flat several hills that follow a parallel line to the littoral sight they are the hills of the Peira 133 m the Rovira 261 m the Carmel 267 m the Creueta of the Neck 249 m the Putget 181 m and Monterols 121 m 5 Antiquity EditPrehistory Edit Roman archaeological remains Museum of the History of Barcelona There is scarce vestiges of prehistoric period to the city If well it is ascertained the human presence in the paleolithic the first rests regarding the architecture proceed of the neolithic period in which the human being went back sedentary and happened of a subsistencia based in the hunting and the recol leccio to an agrarian economy and farmer These first vestiges proceed of finals of the neolitic 3500 1800 BC and manifest mainly for the practices funeraries with sepulcres of pit that were used to be of quite a lot depth and revestides of slabs An exponent thereof is the grave discovered the 1917 to the spilling southwest of the hill of Monterols between the streets of Muntaner and Copernic of imprecise dating has 60 cm of high and 80 of wide and was formed by slabs flat of irregular shape Regarding habitacles of this period only has found a bottom of cabin in what is the current station of Saint Andreu Comtal 4 Of the Bronze Age 1800 800 BC there is equally few rests regarding the plan of Barcelona The main proceed of a jaciment discovered the 1990 to the street of Saint Pau where have found rests of fireplaces and sepultures of inhumacio individual Also they are surely of this period the rests found the 1931 to Can Casanoves behind the Hospital of Saint Pau where have found rests of walls of stone and the bottoms of three circular cabins of some 180 cm of diameter They exist for other band witnesses written of two megalithic monuments situated in Montjuic and Field of the Harp of those that nevertheless has not remained any rastre material Finally of the calcolitic final there are some scarce rests of the called culture of the fields of urns found to the farm of Can Don Joan to Horta and to the south slope oriental of the mountain of Montjuic between the paths of the Ancient Mill and the Source of the Mamella Iberian period Edit Area inhabited by the Laietani In the 6th century BC and the 1st century BC the plan of Barcelona was occupied by the Laietani an Iberian people that occupied the current comarques of the Barcelones the Valles the Maresme and the Bass Llobregat The Iberian architecture based in murs of tapial with a system adovellat with false arches and turns realised by approach of spun Cities used to be located in acropolis with towers and solid walls for the defence within which the houses were located of an irregular distribution generally with a rectangular plan 5 In Barcelona there are hardly any Iberian architectural remains the main vestiges of this culture were found in the hills of La Rovira Peira and Putget as well as in Santa Cruz de Olorde in Tibidabo but they have not allowed establishing special characteristics with regard to funeral homes or sepulchres The main remains come from Rovira where in 1931 vestiges of an Iberian settlement were found that were destroyed when anti aircraft batteries were installed during the Spanish Civil War Apparently it had a wall with two accesses while located outside the walls there was a set of silos with 44 deposits carved into the rock 6 The main Iberian settlement in the area was in Montjuic possibly the Barkeno although the urbanization of the mountain in recent years and its intensive use as a stone quarry throughout the history of the city has caused the loss of most remains In 1928 nine large capacity silos were discovered in the Magoria area which would probably be part of an agricultural surplus warehouse On the other hand in 1984 remains of a settlement were found on the southwest slope of the mountain on a plot of about 2 or 3 hectares Roman period Edit The remaining columns of the Temple of Augustus In the third century BC C the Romans arrived in the Iberian peninsula and began a colonization process that culminated in the incorporation of all Hispania into the Roman Empire In the 1st century BC Barcino Roman Barcelona was founded a small walled town that took the urban form of castrum and later oppidum The Romans were great experts in civil architecture and engineering and provided roads bridges aqueducts and cities with a rational layout and basic services such as sewers The Barcino quarter was walled with a perimeter of 1 5 km which protected an area of 10 4 hectares The first city wall of simple factory began to be built in the 1st century BC It had few towers only at the angles and at the gates of the walled perimeter However the first incursions of francs and Alamani from the 250s raised the need to reinforce the walls which were extended in the fourth century The new wall was built on the bases of the first and was formed by a double wall of 2 metres with space in half filled with stone and mortar The wall consisted of 74 towers about 18 meters high mostly rectangular 7 See also EditUrban planning of BarcelonaNotes Edit Triado 1984 p 18 DDAA 2002 p 18 Patrimoni arquitectonic DDAA 1991 p 113 114 Azcarate Ristori Perez Sanchez Ramirez Dominguez 1983 p 50 DDAA 1991 p 127 DDAA 1998 p 61 References EditDDAA Art de Catalunya 3 Urbanisme arquitectura civil i industrial Barcelona Edicions L isard 1998 DDAA Arte contemporaneo Barcelona Folio 2006 ISBN 84 413 2179 5 DDAA Barcelona Guia de la ciutat Barcelona Ajuntament de Barcelona 2002 ISBN 84 7609 702 6 DDAA El llibre d or de l art catala Barcelona Edicions Primera Plana 1997 DDAA Els Barris de Barcelona I Ciutat Vella L Eixample Barcelona Gran Enciclopedia Catalana 1999 ISBN 84 412 2768 3 DDAA Enciclopedia Catalana Basica Barcelona Enciclopedia Catalana 1996 DDAA Gaudi Habitat natura i cosmos Barcelona Lunwerg 2001 ISBN 84 7782 799 0 DDAA Historia de Barcelona 1 La ciutat antiga Barcelona Enciclopedia catalana 1991 ISBN 84 7739 179 3 DDAA Historia de Barcelona 2 La formacio de la Barcelona medieval Barcelona Enciclopedia catalana 1992 ISBN 84 7739 398 2 DDAA Historia de Barcelona 6 La ciutat industrial 1833 1897 Barcelona Enciclopedia catalana 1995 ISBN 84 7739 809 7 DDAA Historia de l art catala Barcelona Edicions 62 2005 ISBN 84 297 1997 0 DDAA Sagnier Arquitecte Barcelona 1858 1931 Barcelona Antonio Sagnier Bassas 2007 ISBN 978 84 612 0215 7 Albert de Paco Jose Maria El arte de reconocer los estilos arquitectonicos Barcelona Optima 2007 ISBN 978 84 96250 72 7 Anon Feliu Carmen Luengo Monica Jardines de Espana Madrid Lunwerg 2003 ISBN 84 9785 006 8 Azcarate Ristori Jose Maria de Perez Sanchez Alfonso Emilio Ramirez Dominguez Juan Antonio Historia del Arte Madrid Anaya 1983 ISBN 84 207 1408 9 Bahamon Alejandro Losantos Agata Barcelona Atlas historico de arquitectura Barcelona Parramon 2007 Baldellou Miguel Angel Capitel Anton Summa Artis XL Arquitectura espanola del siglo XX Madrid Espasa Calpe 2001 ISBN 84 239 5482 X Barjau Santi Enric Sagnier Barcelona Labor 1992 ISBN 84 335 4802 6 Barral i Altet Xavier Beseran Pere Canalda Silvia Guardia Marta Jornet Nuria Guia del Patrimoni Monumental i Artistic de Catalunya vol 1 Barcelona Portic 2000 ISBN 84 7306 947 1 Bassegoda i Nonell Joan Gaudi o espacio luz y equilibrio Madrid Criterio 2002 ISBN 84 95437 10 4 Bergos i Masso Joan Gaudi l home i l obra Barcelona Lunwerg 1999 ISBN 84 7782 617 X Chilvers Ian Diccionario de arte Madrid Alianza Editorial 2007 ISBN 978 84 206 6170 4 Corredor Matheos Josep Historia de l art catala vol IX La segona meitat del segle XX Barcelona Edicions 62 2001 ISBN 84 297 4120 8 Crippa Maria Antonietta Gaudi Koln Taschen 2007 ISBN 978 3 8228 2519 8 Dalmases Nuria de Jose i Pitarch Antoni Historia de l art catala III L art gotic s XIV XV Barcelona Edicions 62 1998 ISBN 84 297 2104 5 Fernandez Polanco Aurora Fin de siglo Simbolismo y Art Nouveau Madrid Historia 16 1989 DL M 32415 1989 Flores Carlos Les llicons de Gaudi Barcelona Ed Empuries 2002 ISBN 84 7596 949 6 Fontbona Francesc Historia de l art catala VI Del neoclassicisme a la Restauracio 1808 1888 Barcelona Edicions 62 1997 ISBN 84 297 2064 2 Fontbona Francesc Miralles Francesc Historia de l art catala VII Del modernisme al noucentisme 1888 1917 Barcelona Edicions 62 2001 ISBN 84 297 2282 3 Gabancho Patricia Guia Parques y jardines de Barcelona Barcelona Ajuntament de Barcelona Imatge i Produccio Editorial 2000 ISBN 84 7609 935 5 Galofre Jordi Historia de Catalunya Barcelona Primera Plana 1992 Garriga Joaquim Historia de l art catala IV L epoca del Renaixement s XVI Barcelona Edicions 62 1986 ISBN 84 297 2437 0 Garrut Josep Maria L Exposicio Universal de Barcelona de 1888 Barcelona Ajuntament de Barcelona Delegacio de Cultura 1976 ISBN 84 500 1498 0 Gausa Manuel Cervello Marta Pla Maurici Barcelona guia de arquitectura moderna 1860 2002 Barcelona ACTAR 2002 ISBN 84 89698 47 3 Giorgi Rosa El siglo XVII Barcelona Electa 2007 ISBN 978 84 8156 420 4 Gonzalez Antonio Manuel Las claves del arte Ultimas tendencias Barcelona Planeta 1991 ISBN 84 320 9702 0 Grandas M Carmen L Exposicio Internacional de Barcelona de 1929 Sant Cugat del Valles Els llibres de la frontera 1988 ISBN 84 85709 68 3 Hernandez i Cardona Francesc Xavier Barcelona Historia d una ciutat Barcelona Llibres de l Index 2001 ISBN 84 95317 22 2 Huertas Josep Maria Capilla Antoni Maspoch Monica Ruta del Modernismo Barcelona Institut Municipal del Paisatge Urba i la Qualitat de Vida Ajuntament de Barcelona 2005 ISBN 84 934169 3 2 Lacuesta Raquel Gonzalez Antoni Barcelona guia de arquitectura 1929 2000 Barcelona Gustavo Gili 1999 ISBN 84 252 1801 2 Lacuesta Raquel Gonzalez Antoni Guia de arquitectura modernista en Cataluna Barcelona Gustavo Gili 1997 ISBN 84 252 1430 0 Lecea Ignasi de Fabre Jaume Grandas Carme Huertas Josep M Remesar Antoni Art public de Barcelona Barcelona Ajuntament de Barcelona i Ambit Serveis Editorials 2009 ISBN 978 84 96645 08 0 Maspoch Monica Galeria d autors Ruta del Modernisme de Barcelona Barcelona Institut Municipal del Paisatge Urba i la Qualitat de Vida Ajuntament de Barcelona 2008 ISBN 978 84 96696 02 0 Midant Jean Paul Diccionario Akal de la Arquitectura del siglo XX Madrid Akal 2004 ISBN 84 460 1747 4 Miralles Francesc Historia de l art catala VIII L epoca de les avantguardes 1917 1970 Barcelona Edicions 62 2001 ISBN 84 297 1998 9 Miralles Roger Barcelona arquitectura modernista y noucentista 1888 1929 Barcelona Poligrafa 2008 ISBN 978 84 343 1178 7 Miralles Roger Sierra Pau Barcelona arquitectura contemporanea 1979 2012 Barcelona Poligrafa 2012 ISBN 978 84 343 1307 1 Montaner Josep Maria Arquitectura contemporania a Catalunya Barcelona Edicions 62 2005 ISBN 84 297 5669 8 Navascues Palacio Pedro Summa Artis XXXV II Arquitectura espanola 1808 1914 Madrid Espasa Calpe 2000 ISBN 84 239 5477 3 Paez de la Cadena Francisco Historia de los estilos en jardineria Madrid Istmo 1998 ISBN 84 7090 127 3 Permanyer Lluis Biografia del Passeig de Gracia Barcelona La Campana 1994 ISBN 84 86491 91 6 Pla Maurici Catalunya Guia d arquitectura moderna 1880 2007 Sant Lluis Menorca Triangle 2007 ISBN 978 84 8478 007 6 Roig Josep L Historia de Barcelona Barcelona Primera Plana S A 1995 ISBN 84 8130 039 X Rubio Albert Barcelona arquitectura antigua siglos I XIX Barcelona Poligrafa 2009 ISBN 978 84 343 1212 8 Sanchez Vidiella Alex Atlas de arquitectura del paisaje Barcelona Loft 2008 ISBN 978 84 92463 27 5 Soler Narcis Guitart i Duran Josep Barral i Altet Xavier Bracons Clapes Josep Art de Catalunya 4 Arquitectura religiosa antiga i medieval Barcelona Edicions L isard 1999 ISBN 84 89931 13 5 Triado Joan Ramon Barral i Altet Xavier Art de Catalunya 5 Arquitectura religiosa moderna i contemporania Barcelona Edicions L isard 1999 ISBN 84 89931 14 3 Triado Joan Ramon Historia de l art catala V L epoca del Barroc s XVII XVIII Barcelona Edicions 62 1984 ISBN 84 297 2204 1 Viladevall Palaus Ignasi Cincuenta parques mas dos Cuadernos Civicos La Vanguardia La Vanguardia Ediciones Barcelona 3 2004 Villoro Joan Riudor Lluis Guia dels espais verds de Barcelona Aproximacio historica Barcelona La Gaia Ciencia 1984 ISBN 84 7080 207 0 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Architecture of Barcelona amp oldid 1101936704, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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