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Diocese of Utrecht (695–1580)

December 02, 2023

This article is about the spiritual jurisdiction of the bishops of Utrecht in the Middle Ages. For their secular principality, see Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht.

The historic Diocese of Utrecht was a diocese of the Latin Church (or Western) of the Catholic Church from 695 to 1580, and from 1559 archdiocese in the Low Countries before and during the Protestant Reformation.

History edit

Diocese edit

 
Commemorative plaque at the Domkerk in Utrecht. Translation: In the year 1939, twelve centuries after his death, the blessed work of the apostel Willibrord, the preacher of the Gospel in these lands, is unitedly and thankfully commemorated.

According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, the founding of the diocese dates back to Francia,[1] when St. Ecgberht of Ripon sent St. Willibrord and eleven companions on a mission to pagan Frisia, at the request of Pepin of Herstal.[1][2] The Diocese of Utrecht (Latin: Dioecesis Ultraiectensis) was erected by Pope Sergius I in 695.[3] In 695 Sergius consecrated Willibrord in Rome as Bishop of the Frisians.[1]

George Edmundson wrote in the 1911 edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica that the bishops of the Diocese, as the result of grants of immunities by a succession of German kings, and notably by the Saxon and Franconian emperors, gradually became the temporal rulers of a dominion as great as the neighboring counties and duchies.[4]John Mason Neale explained, in History of the so-called Jansenist church of Holland, that bishops "became warriors rather than prelates; the duties of their pastoral office were frequently exercised by suffragans, while they themselves headed armies against the Dukes of Guelders or the Counts of Holland."[5]: 63 Adalbold II of Utrecht "must be regarded as the principal founder of the territorial possessions of the diocese," according to Albert Hauck, in New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, especially by the acquisition in 1024 and 1026 of the counties of Drenthe and Teisterbant;[6] but, the name "Bishopric of Utrecht" is not used in the article. Debitum pastoralis officii nobis was Pope Leo X's 1517 prohibition to the Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, Hermann of Wied, as legatus natus,[a] to summon, to a court of first instance in Cologne, Philip of Burgundy, his treasurer, and his ecclesiastical and secular subjects.[8][b] Leo X only confirmed a right of the Church, explained Neale; but Leo X's confirmation "was providential" in respect to the future schism.[5]: 72  The Bishopric ended when Henry of the Palatinate resigned the see in 1528 with the consent of the cathedral chapter, and transferred his secular authority to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. The chapters voluntarily transferred their right of electing the bishop to Charles V, and Pope Clement VII gave his consent to the proceeding.[1]George Edmundson wrote, in History of Holland, that Henry, "was compelled" in 1528 to formally surrender "the temporalities of the see" to Charles V.[9]: 21 

Archdiocese edit

 
Statue of Saint Willibrord in Utrecht

The diocese was elevated to an archdiocese in 1559.[3] It was taken from Province of Cologne, in which it was a suffragan, and elevated to the rank of an archdiocese and metropolitan see.[1] During the administration of the first archbishop, Frederik V Schenck van Toutenburg, Calvinism spread rapidly, especially among the nobility, who viewed with disfavor the endowment of the new bishoprics with the ancient and wealthy abbeys.[1] The parish churches were attacked in the Beeldenstorm in 1566.[10] The hanging of the nineteen Martyrs of Gorkum in Brielle in 1572 is an example of the persecution which Catholics suffered.[1] During the Dutch Revolt in the Spanish Netherlands, the archdiocese fell.[1] In the Beeldenstorm in 1580, the collegiate churches were victims of iconoclastic attacks and St. Martin's Cathedral, Utrecht, was "severely damaged".[10] "Even though approximately one third of the people remained Roman Catholic and in spite of a relatively great tolerance,"[10] as early as 1573,[1] the public exercise of Catholicism was forbidden,[1][10] and the cathedral was converted into a Protestant church in 1580.[10] The cathedral chapter survived and "still managed its lands and formed part of the provincial government" in the Lordship of Utrecht.[10] "The newly appointed canons, however, were always Protestants."[10] The two succeeding archbishops appointed by Spain neither received canonical confirmation nor could they enter their diocese because of the States-General opposition.[1] The archdiocese was suppressed in 1580.[3] Walter Phillips wrote, in Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911 edition, the last archbishop of Utrecht, Frederik V Schenck van Toutenburg, died in 1580, "a few months before the suppression of Roman Catholic public worship" by William I, Prince of Orange.[4] "Suppression of dioceses," wrote Hove, "takes place only in countries where the faithful and the clergy have been dispersed by persecution," the suppressed dioceses become missions, prefectures, or vicariates apostolic. This is what occurred in the Dutch Republic.[11][c]

Vicariate Apostolic of Batavia edit

For the history of the Catholic Church in the Netherlands after the suppression of the archdiocese of Utrecht, see Dutch Mission.

The Holland Mission started when the vicariate was erected by Pope Clement VIII in 1592.[12] "For two centuries after the [1648] Peace of Westphalia much of Holland was under vicars apostolic as mission territory, as England was in the same period; although some areas had archpriests dependent on the nuncios in Cologne and Brussels."[13]

List of diocesans edit

For a list including the archbishops of the re-established modern dioceses, see List of bishops and archbishops of Utrecht.

Bishops edit

Archbishops edit

  • Frederik V Schenck van Toutenburg (1559–1580)
  • Herman van Rennenberg (1580–1592) - unable to be enthroned due to Protestantism
  • Jan van Bruhesen (1592–1600) - unable to be enthroned due to Protestantism

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ "As papal power increased after the middle of the eleventh century these legates came to have less and less real authority and eventually the legatus natus was hardly more than a title."[7]
  2. ^ Joosting and Muller noted that Leo X also promulgated another bull, in which he commissioned that the Bishop of Utrecht, his treasurer and his subjects informed that they were empowered to disregard privileges formerly granted to others and to prosecute offenders while setting aside formerly specified legal process.[8]
  3. ^ Changes of this nature were not regulated by canon law, according to Hove who wrote in 1909.[11]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k   One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lins, Joseph (1912). "Archdiocese of Utrecht". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  2. ^   One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Mershman, Francis (1912). "St. Willibrord". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  3. ^ a b c "Archdiocese of Utrecht". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved 2014-01-14.
  4. ^ a b   One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Edmundson, George; Phillips, Walter A (1911). "Utrecht". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 823–824.
  5. ^ a b   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Neale, John M (1858). History of the so-called Jansenist church of Holland; with a sketch of its earlier annals, and some account of the Brothers of the common life. Oxford; London: John Henry and James Parker. hdl:2027/mdp.39015067974389. OCLC 600855086.
  6. ^   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Hauck, Albert (1908). "Adalbold". In Jackson, Samuel Macauley (ed.). New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge. Vol. 1 (third ed.). London and New York: Funk and Wagnalls. p. 32.
  7. ^ La Monte, John L (1949). The world of the Middle Ages: a reorientation of medieval history. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. p. 393. hdl:2027/mdp.39015024887880. OCLC 568161011.
  8. ^ a b   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Pope Leo X. Debitum pastoralis officii nobis (in Latin). From Joosting, Jan G. C.; Muller, Samuel (1912). "Verbod van Paus Leo X aan den aartsbisschop van Keulen als legatus natus, Philips bisschop van Utrecht, diens fiscus en diens kerkelijke en wereldlijke onderdanen in eerste instantie naar keulen te doen dagvaarden". Bronnen voor de geschiedenis der kerkelijke rechtspraak in het bisdom Utrecht in di middeleeuwen. Oude vaderlandsche rechtsbronnen (in Dutch). 's-Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff. pp. 59–62. hdl:2027/mdp.35112103682300. Retrieved 2014-01-09. This book contains documents relating to the limit of the jurisdiction of the bishop of Utrecht. This book was published in Werken der Vereeniging tot Uitgaaf der Bronnen van het Oud-Vaderlandsche Recht. 's-Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff. 2 (14). OCLC 765196601.
  9. ^ Edmundson, George (1922). History of Holland. Cambridge historical series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. LCCN 22004345.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g . Domkerk Utrecht. Utrecht. Archived from the original on 2013-12-14. Retrieved 2014-01-16.
  11. ^ a b   One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Hove, Alphonse van (1909). "Diocese". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  12. ^ "Mission "Sui Iuris" of Batavia (Holland Mission)". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved 2014-01-14.
  13. ^ "The hierarchy in Holland". The Tablet. London. 1953-05-16. p. 20. Retrieved 2014-01-14.

Further reading edit

  • Ring, Trudy; Watson, Noelle; Schellinger, Paul, eds. (1995). "Utrecht". International dictionary of historic places. Vol. 2. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 761. ISBN 188496401X.

December 02, 2023
diocese, utrecht, 1580, this, article, about, spiritual, jurisdiction, bishops, utrecht, middle, ages, their, secular, principality, prince, bishopric, utrecht, historic, diocese, utrecht, diocese, latin, church, western, catholic, church, from, 1580, from, 15. This article is about the spiritual jurisdiction of the bishops of Utrecht in the Middle Ages For their secular principality see Prince Bishopric of Utrecht The historic Diocese of Utrecht was a diocese of the Latin Church or Western of the Catholic Church from 695 to 1580 and from 1559 archdiocese in the Low Countries before and during the Protestant Reformation Contents 1 History 1 1 Diocese 1 2 Archdiocese 1 3 Vicariate Apostolic of Batavia 2 List of diocesans 2 1 Bishops 2 2 Archbishops 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 Further readingHistory editDiocese edit nbsp Commemorative plaque at the Domkerk in Utrecht Translation In the year 1939 twelve centuries after his death the blessed work of the apostel Willibrord the preacher of the Gospel in these lands is unitedly and thankfully commemorated According to the Catholic Encyclopedia the founding of the diocese dates back to Francia 1 when St Ecgberht of Ripon sent St Willibrord and eleven companions on a mission to pagan Frisia at the request of Pepin of Herstal 1 2 The Diocese of Utrecht Latin Dioecesis Ultraiectensis was erected by Pope Sergius I in 695 3 In 695 Sergius consecrated Willibrord in Rome as Bishop of the Frisians 1 George Edmundson wrote in the 1911 edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica that the bishops of the Diocese as the result of grants of immunities by a succession of German kings and notably by the Saxon and Franconian emperors gradually became the temporal rulers of a dominion as great as the neighboring counties and duchies 4 John Mason Neale explained in History of the so called Jansenist church of Holland that bishops became warriors rather than prelates the duties of their pastoral office were frequently exercised by suffragans while they themselves headed armies against the Dukes of Guelders or the Counts of Holland 5 63 Adalbold II of Utrecht must be regarded as the principal founder of the territorial possessions of the diocese according to Albert Hauck in New Schaff Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge especially by the acquisition in 1024 and 1026 of the counties of Drenthe and Teisterbant 6 but the name Bishopric of Utrecht is not used in the article Debitum pastoralis officii nobis was Pope Leo X s 1517 prohibition to the Archbishop Elector of Cologne Hermann of Wied as legatus natus a to summon to a court of first instance in Cologne Philip of Burgundy his treasurer and his ecclesiastical and secular subjects 8 b Leo X only confirmed a right of the Church explained Neale but Leo X s confirmation was providential in respect to the future schism 5 72 The Bishopric ended when Henry of the Palatinate resigned the see in 1528 with the consent of the cathedral chapter and transferred his secular authority to Charles V Holy Roman Emperor The chapters voluntarily transferred their right of electing the bishop to Charles V and Pope Clement VII gave his consent to the proceeding 1 George Edmundson wrote in History of Holland that Henry was compelled in 1528 to formally surrender the temporalities of the see to Charles V 9 21 Archdiocese edit nbsp Statue of Saint Willibrord in UtrechtThe diocese was elevated to an archdiocese in 1559 3 It was taken from Province of Cologne in which it was a suffragan and elevated to the rank of an archdiocese and metropolitan see 1 During the administration of the first archbishop Frederik V Schenck van Toutenburg Calvinism spread rapidly especially among the nobility who viewed with disfavor the endowment of the new bishoprics with the ancient and wealthy abbeys 1 The parish churches were attacked in the Beeldenstorm in 1566 10 The hanging of the nineteen Martyrs of Gorkum in Brielle in 1572 is an example of the persecution which Catholics suffered 1 During the Dutch Revolt in the Spanish Netherlands the archdiocese fell 1 In the Beeldenstorm in 1580 the collegiate churches were victims of iconoclastic attacks and St Martin s Cathedral Utrecht was severely damaged 10 Even though approximately one third of the people remained Roman Catholic and in spite of a relatively great tolerance 10 as early as 1573 1 the public exercise of Catholicism was forbidden 1 10 and the cathedral was converted into a Protestant church in 1580 10 The cathedral chapter survived and still managed its lands and formed part of the provincial government in the Lordship of Utrecht 10 The newly appointed canons however were always Protestants 10 The two succeeding archbishops appointed by Spain neither received canonical confirmation nor could they enter their diocese because of the States General opposition 1 The archdiocese was suppressed in 1580 3 Walter Phillips wrote in Encyclopaedia Britannica 1911 edition the last archbishop of Utrecht Frederik V Schenck van Toutenburg died in 1580 a few months before the suppression of Roman Catholic public worship by William I Prince of Orange 4 Suppression of dioceses wrote Hove takes place only in countries where the faithful and the clergy have been dispersed by persecution the suppressed dioceses become missions prefectures or vicariates apostolic This is what occurred in the Dutch Republic 11 c Vicariate Apostolic of Batavia edit For the history of the Catholic Church in the Netherlands after the suppression of the archdiocese of Utrecht see Dutch Mission The Holland Mission started when the vicariate was erected by Pope Clement VIII in 1592 12 For two centuries after the 1648 Peace of Westphalia much of Holland was under vicars apostolic as mission territory as England was in the same period although some areas had archpriests dependent on the nuncios in Cologne and Brussels 13 List of diocesans editFor a list including the archbishops of the re established modern dioceses see List of bishops and archbishops of Utrecht Bishops edit St Willibrord Clemens 695 739 Wera 739 752 3 St Eoban 753 754 St Gregory of Utrecht 754 775 St Alberic of Utrecht 775 784 Theodardus 784 790 Hamacarus 790 806 Ricfried 806 815 16 Frederick of Utrecht 815 16 834 38 Alberik II 834 8 845 Eginhard ca 845 Liudger ca 848 854 St Hunger 854 866 Adalbold I 866 899 St Radboud 899 900 917 Balderic 917 8 975 6 Folcmar 976 990 Baldwin I 991 995 St Ansfried 995 1010 Adalbold II 1010 1026 Bernold 1026 7 1054 William I 1054 1076 Conrad 1076 1099 Burchard 1100 1112 Godbald 1114 1127 Andreas van Cuijk 1127 8 1139 Hartbert 1139 1150 Herman van Horne 1151 1156 Godfrey van Rhenen 1156 1178 Baldwin II van Holland 1178 1196 Arnold I van Isenburg 1196 1197 Dirk I van Holland 1197 Dirk II van Are van Ahr 1197 8 1212 Otto I 1212 1215 Otto II van Lippe 1216 1227 Wilbrand van Oldenburg 1227 1233 Otto III van Holland 1233 1249 Gozewijn van Amstel van Randerath 1249 1250 Henry I van Vianden 1250 2 1267 John I van Nassau 1267 1290 John II van Sierck 1290 1296 Willem II Berthout 1296 1301 Guy van Avennes 1301 1317 Frederik II van Sierck 1317 1322 Jacob van Oudshoorn 1322 Jan III van Diest 1322 1340 Jan IV van Arkel 1342 1364 Jan V van Virneburg 1364 1371 Arnold II van Hoorn 1371 1379 Floris van Wevelinkhoven 1379 1393 Frederik III van Blankenheim 1393 1423 Rudolf van Diepholt 1423 1455 Zweder van Culemborg 1425 1433 Walraven van Meurs 1434 1448 Gijsbrecht van Brederode 1455 1456 David van Bourgondie 1456 1496 Frederick IV of Baden 1496 1517 Philip of Burgundy 1517 1524 Henry of the Palatinate bishop 1524 1529 Willem III van Enckenvoirt 1529 1534 George van Egmond 1534 1559 Archbishops edit Frederik V Schenck van Toutenburg 1559 1580 Herman van Rennenberg 1580 1592 unable to be enthroned due to Protestantism Jan van Bruhesen 1592 1600 unable to be enthroned due to ProtestantismSee also editHistory of religion in the NetherlandsNotes edit As papal power increased after the middle of the eleventh century these legates came to have less and less real authority and eventually the legatus natus was hardly more than a title 7 Joosting and Muller noted that Leo X also promulgated another bull in which he commissioned that the Bishop of Utrecht his treasurer and his subjects informed that they were empowered to disregard privileges formerly granted to others and to prosecute offenders while setting aside formerly specified legal process 8 Changes of this nature were not regulated by canon law according to Hove who wrote in 1909 11 References edit a b c d e f g h i j k nbsp One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Lins Joseph 1912 Archdiocese of Utrecht In Herbermann Charles ed Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 15 New York Robert Appleton Company nbsp One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Mershman Francis 1912 St Willibrord In Herbermann Charles ed Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 15 New York Robert Appleton Company a b c Archdiocese of Utrecht Catholic Hierarchy org David M Cheney Retrieved 2014 01 14 a b nbsp One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Edmundson George Phillips Walter A 1911 Utrecht In Chisholm Hugh ed Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 27 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 823 824 a b nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Neale John M 1858 History of the so called Jansenist church of Holland with a sketch of its earlier annals and some account of the Brothers of the common life Oxford London John Henry and James Parker hdl 2027 mdp 39015067974389 OCLC 600855086 nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Hauck Albert 1908 Adalbold In Jackson Samuel Macauley ed New Schaff Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge Vol 1 third ed London and New York Funk and Wagnalls p 32 La Monte John L 1949 The world of the Middle Ages a reorientation of medieval history New York Appleton Century Crofts p 393 hdl 2027 mdp 39015024887880 OCLC 568161011 a b nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Pope Leo X Debitum pastoralis officii nobis in Latin From Joosting Jan G C Muller Samuel 1912 Verbod van Paus Leo X aan den aartsbisschop van Keulen als legatus natus Philips bisschop van Utrecht diens fiscus en diens kerkelijke en wereldlijke onderdanen in eerste instantie naar keulen te doen dagvaarden Bronnen voor de geschiedenis der kerkelijke rechtspraak in het bisdom Utrecht in di middeleeuwen Oude vaderlandsche rechtsbronnen in Dutch s Gravenhage Martinus Nijhoff pp 59 62 hdl 2027 mdp 35112103682300 Retrieved 2014 01 09 This book contains documents relating to the limit of the jurisdiction of the bishop of Utrecht This book was published in Werken der Vereeniging tot Uitgaaf der Bronnen van het Oud Vaderlandsche Recht s Gravenhage Martinus Nijhoff 2 14 OCLC 765196601 Edmundson George 1922 History of Holland Cambridge historical series Cambridge Cambridge University Press LCCN 22004345 a b c d e f g History Domkerk Utrecht Utrecht Archived from the original on 2013 12 14 Retrieved 2014 01 16 a b nbsp One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Hove Alphonse van 1909 Diocese In Herbermann Charles ed Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 5 New York Robert Appleton Company Mission Sui Iuris of Batavia Holland Mission Catholic Hierarchy org David M Cheney Retrieved 2014 01 14 The hierarchy in Holland The Tablet London 1953 05 16 p 20 Retrieved 2014 01 14 Further reading editRing Trudy Watson Noelle Schellinger Paul eds 1995 Utrecht International dictionary of historic places Vol 2 Chicago Fitzroy Dearborn p 761 ISBN 188496401X Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Diocese of Utrecht 695 1580 amp oldid 1182374305, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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