Pakistan is home to many archaeological sites dating from Lower Paleolithic period to Mughal empire. The earliest known archaeological findings belong to the Soanian culture from the Soan Valley, near modern-day Islamabad. Soan Valley culture is considered as the best known Palaeolithic culture of Central Asia.[1]Mehrgarh in Balochistan is one of the most important Neolithic sites dating from 7000 BCE to 2000 BCE. The Mehrgarh culture was amongst the first culture in the world to establish agriculture and livestock and live in villages.[2] Mehrgarh civilization lasted for 5000 years till 2000 BCE after which people migrated to other areas, possibly Harappa and Mohenjo-daro.[2] Harappa and Mohenjo-daro are the best known sites from the Indus Valley civilization (c 2500 - 1900 BCE).[3]
Early Soanian sites correspond to the Acheulean period. Different stone artifacts have been discovered from these sites from all over Pakistan.[4] Sites in Soan Valley and Potohar Plateau from this period include;[5]
Mehrgarh (c. 7000 BCE - 2000 BCE), from Neolithic age, in Balochistan is one of the earliest sites with evidence of agriculture and village structure.[2]
Ghaggar-Hakra (c. 6000 BCE) Artifacts Found in Hakra Civilization also date back to the same period of Mehrgarh.[6]
Pre Harappa
Pre-Harappan farming communities date back to Neolithic time which ultimately evolved into urban Harappan civilization.[7][8] Explorations and archaeological findings establish the dateline of Pre-Harappan culture from 2700 BC to 2100 BC followed by Harappan period from 2100 BC onwards.[9] Some of the regions showing pre-Harappan culture include;
Pirak where the culture later advanced into Indus Valley Civilization.[8]
^Masson, V. M. (1999). "Lower Palaeolithic cultures". The History of Civilizations of Central Asia (Vol.1). Motilal Banarsidass. p. 50. ISBN9788120814073.
^ abcWest, Barbara A. (2009). "Mehrgarh, Pre-Harappan culture". Encyclopedia of the peoples of Asia and Oceania. New York: Facts On File. p. 519. ISBN9781438119137.
^Possehl, Gregory L. (2002). "Ancient Indian Civilization". The Indus civilization : a contemporary perspective (2. print. ed.). Walnut Creek, Calif.: Altamira Press. p. 1. ISBN9780759101722. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
^ abIkawa-Smith, Fumiko (1978). Early Paleolithic in South and East Asia. Walter de Gruyter. p. 89. ISBN9783110810035. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
^Parth R. Chauhan. . Archived from the original on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
^Kumar; Manoj (2017). "A study on proto historic settlements in upper Chautang valley Haryana" (PDF). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ abSen, Sailendra Nath (1999). Ancient Indian history and civilization (Second ed.). New Delhi: New Age International. p. 27. ISBN9788122411980. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
^ abcdefGopal, Lallanji (2008). History of agriculture in India : (up to c. 1200 AD) (1. publ. ed.). New Delhi: Concept. p. 791. ISBN9788180695216. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
^ abBhattacharya, B. (2006). Urban development in India : since pre-historic times (2nd rev. ed.). New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co. p. 22. ISBN9788180692406. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
^ abc. Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 1 July 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
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August 19, 2023
archaeological, sites, pakistan, pakistan, home, many, archaeological, sites, dating, from, lower, paleolithic, period, mughal, empire, earliest, known, archaeological, findings, belong, soanian, culture, from, soan, valley, near, modern, islamabad, soan, vall. Pakistan is home to many archaeological sites dating from Lower Paleolithic period to Mughal empire The earliest known archaeological findings belong to the Soanian culture from the Soan Valley near modern day Islamabad Soan Valley culture is considered as the best known Palaeolithic culture of Central Asia 1 Mehrgarh in Balochistan is one of the most important Neolithic sites dating from 7000 BCE to 2000 BCE The Mehrgarh culture was amongst the first culture in the world to establish agriculture and livestock and live in villages 2 Mehrgarh civilization lasted for 5000 years till 2000 BCE after which people migrated to other areas possibly Harappa and Mohenjo daro 2 Harappa and Mohenjo daro are the best known sites from the Indus Valley civilization c 2500 1900 BCE 3 Archaeological ruins at Mohenjo daro Sindh PakistanContents 1 Stone Age 1 1 Lower Paleolithic Pre Soanian 1 2 Lower to Middle Paleolithic Soanian 1 3 Neolithic 2 Bronze Age 3 Iron Age 4 Middle age 4 1 Classical age 4 2 Late medieval age 5 Islamic era 6 See also 7 ReferencesStone Age EditLower Paleolithic Pre Soanian Edit View of Soan valley and Soan River in background near AdialaPre Soanian culture in Pakistan corresponds to Oldowan culture dating back to the Mindel glaciation Some findings in Punjab belong to this period 4 Lower to Middle Paleolithic Soanian Edit Early Soanian sites correspond to the Acheulean period Different stone artifacts have been discovered from these sites from all over Pakistan 4 Sites in Soan Valley and Potohar Plateau from this period include 5 Adiala Chauntra Ghariala Riwat Balawal Chak Sighu Chakri Rawalpindi Morgah Dina Jalalpur SharifNeolithic Edit Mehrgarh c 7000 BCE 2000 BCE from Neolithic age in Balochistan is one of the earliest sites with evidence of agriculture and village structure 2 Ghaggar Hakra c 6000 BCE Artifacts Found in Hakra Civilization also date back to the same period of Mehrgarh 6 Pre HarappaPre Harappan farming communities date back to Neolithic time which ultimately evolved into urban Harappan civilization 7 8 Explorations and archaeological findings establish the dateline of Pre Harappan culture from 2700 BC to 2100 BC followed by Harappan period from 2100 BC onwards 9 Some of the regions showing pre Harappan culture include Pirak where the culture later advanced into Indus Valley Civilization 8 Bolan 8 Kachi 8 Sheri Khan Tarakai is a neolithic village and second oldest farming settlement in South Asia 10 Lewan 10 Akra 10 Kili Gul Muhammad Amri Nal 8 Kulli 8 Kot Diji 7 9 Bronze Age Edit A large well and bathing platforms from Harappa occupation Punjab PakistanEarly HarappanHarrappa Rehman Dheri 4000 BCE Amri 3600 to 3300 BCE Nausharo Rana Ghundai Sur JangalIndus Valley civilizationMohenjo daro in Sindh Dabar Kot Periano Ghundai Chanhudaro in Sindh Lakhueen jo daro Sutkagan DorIron Age Edit Dharmarajika stupa at Taxila ruinsTakht i Bahi in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Seri Bahlol in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Akra in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Taxila in Punjab Mankiala in Punjab Thatta in Sindh Mehluha in SindhMiddle age EditClassical age Edit Gandhara and its capital Pushkalavati PattalaLate medieval age Edit SagalaIslamic era EditIslamic influence in the region started as early as 7th Century Ali Masjid Jamia Mosque Khudabad Mansura Sindh DebalSee also EditList of World Heritage Sites in Pakistan Hindu and Buddhist architectural heritage of Pakistan List of monuments in Pakistan Tourism in PakistanReferences Edit Masson V M 1999 Lower Palaeolithic cultures The History of Civilizations of Central Asia Vol 1 Motilal Banarsidass p 50 ISBN 9788120814073 a b c West Barbara A 2009 Mehrgarh Pre Harappan culture Encyclopedia of the peoples of Asia and Oceania New York Facts On File p 519 ISBN 9781438119137 Possehl Gregory L 2002 Ancient Indian Civilization The Indus civilization a contemporary perspective 2 print ed Walnut Creek Calif Altamira Press p 1 ISBN 9780759101722 Retrieved 24 March 2013 a b Ikawa Smith Fumiko 1978 Early Paleolithic in South and East Asia Walter de Gruyter p 89 ISBN 9783110810035 Retrieved 24 March 2013 Parth R Chauhan An Overview of the Siwalik Acheulian amp Reconsidering Its Chronological Relationship with the Soanian Archived from the original on 4 January 2012 Retrieved 24 March 2013 Kumar Manoj 2017 A study on proto historic settlements in upper Chautang valley Haryana PDF a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help a b Sen Sailendra Nath 1999 Ancient Indian history and civilization Second ed New Delhi New Age International p 27 ISBN 9788122411980 Retrieved 25 March 2013 a b c d e f Gopal Lallanji 2008 History of agriculture in India up to c 1200 AD 1 publ ed New Delhi Concept p 791 ISBN 9788180695216 Retrieved 25 March 2013 a b Bhattacharya B 2006 Urban development in India since pre historic times 2nd rev ed New Delhi Concept Pub Co p 22 ISBN 9788180692406 Retrieved 25 March 2013 a b c The Bannu Archaeological Project Department of Archaeology amp Anthropology University of Cambridge Archived from the original on 1 July 2013 Retrieved 25 March 2013 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Archaeological sites in Pakistan Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Archaeological sites in Pakistan amp oldid 1037375173, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
