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Applied ecology

February 16, 2024

Applied ecology is a sub-field within ecology that considers the application of the science of ecology to real-world (usually management) questions. It is also described as a scientific field that focuses on the application of concepts, theories, models, or methods of fundamental ecology to environmental problems.[1]

Applied Ecology
Applied uses ecological approaches to address problems of specific parts of the environment.[1]

Concept edit

Applied ecology is an integrated treatment of the ecological, social, and biotechnological aspects of natural resource conservation and management.[2] Applied ecology typically focuses on geomorphology, soils, and plant communities as the underpinnings for vegetation and wildlife (both game and non-game) management.

Applied ecology includes all disciplines that are related to human activities so that it does not only cover agriculture, forestry and fisheries[3] but also global change.[4] It has two study categories. The first involves the outputs or those fields that address the use and management of the environment, particularly for its ecosystem services and exploitable resources.[1] The second are the inputs or those that are concerned with the management strategies or human influences on the ecosystem or biodiversity.[1]

The discipline is often linked to ecological management on the grounds that the effective management of natural ecosystems depends on ecological knowledge.[5] It often uses an ecological approach to solve problems of specific parts of the environment, which can involve the comparison of plausible options (e.g. best management options).[1]

The role of applied science in agricultural production has been brought into greater focus as fluctuations in global food production feed through into prices and availability to consumers.[6]

Approaches edit

Applied ecologists often use one or more of the following approaches, namely, observation, experimentation, and modeling.[7] For example, a wildlife preservation project could involve: observational studies of the wildlife ecology; experiments to understand causal relationships; and the application of modeling to determine the information beyond the scope of experimentation.[7]

The ecological approach used in applied ecology could include inputs from management strategies such as conservation biology, restoration ecology, global change, ecotoxicology, biomonitoring, biodiversity, environmental policies, and economics, among others.[1] Restoration ecology is a particularly prominent strategy in the discipline since it applies the principles of restoring and repairing damaged ecological systems to their original state.[8]

Like those used in ecological theory, many areas of the discipline employ approaches that are based on simple statistical and analytic models (e.g. spatial models) as well as those with mathematical properties (e.g. matrix models).[9] There is also the digital computer simulation modeling, which is designed to solve statistical ecology problems and to achieve bioeconomic goals such as the forecasting and the evaluation of consequences for specific activities.[10]

Applied ecology also requires human interest, particularly the exercise of judgments of relative values and goals.[11]

Applications edit

Applied ecology can be applied to the economic development process. The discipline, for example, can be integrated into the national economic planning to comprehensively address environmental concerns since these problems are intersectoral and interdisciplinary in nature.[12]

Aspects of applied ecology include:

 
Yellow star thistle is an invasive species in Yosemite National Park.

Major journals in the field include:

Related organizations include:

See also edit

 
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Applied ecology

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f Hastings, Dr Alan; Gross, Dr Louis (2012-05-31). Encyclopedia of Theoretical Ecology. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. p. 52. ISBN 9780520269651.
  2. ^ Frouz, Jan; Frouzová, Jaroslava (2022). Applied Ecology. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83225-4. ISBN 978-3-030-83224-7. S2CID 245009867.
  3. ^ Frouz, Jan; Frouzová, Jaroslava (2022). Applied Ecology. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83225-4. ISBN 978-3-030-83224-7. S2CID 245009867.
  4. ^ Schulze, Ernst-Detlef; Beck, Erwin; Müller-Hohenstein, Klaus (2005). Plant Ecology. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 1. ISBN 354020833X.
  5. ^ McPherson, Guy R.; DeStefano, Stephen (2003). Applied Ecology and Natural Resource Management. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 1. ISBN 9780521009751.
  6. ^ Encyclopedia of Applied Plant Sciences. Academic Press. 2017. ISBN 978-0-12-394808-3.[page needed]
  7. ^ a b Encyclopedia of Ecology. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 2014. p. 230. ISBN 9780444520333.
  8. ^ Brooks, Richard O.; Jones, Ross (2017-07-05). Law and Ecology: The Rise of the Ecosystem Regime. Oxon: Taylor & Francis. pp. 21–22. ISBN 9780754620389.
  9. ^ Canham, Charles Draper William; Cole, Jonathan; Lauenroth, William K. (2003). Models in Ecosystem Science. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 63–64. ISBN 0691092885.
  10. ^ Patten, Bernard C. (1972). Systems Analysis and Simulation in Ecology, Volume II. New York: Academic Press. p. 329. ISBN 9781483262772.
  11. ^ DeSanto, R. S. (2012-12-06). Concepts of Applied Ecology. New York: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 124. ISBN 9781461394341.
  12. ^ Goodland, Robert (1990). Race to Save the Tropics: Ecology And Economics For A Sustainable Future. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. p. 12. ISBN 1559630396.

Bibliography edit

  • Skelly, David K.; Freidenburg, L. Kealoha (23 May 2012). "Applied Ecology". Ecology. doi:10.1093/OBO/9780199830060-0039. ISBN 978-0-19-983006-0.
  • Lubchenco, J. (23 January 1998). "Entering the Century of the Environment: A New Social Contract for Science". Science. 279 (5350): 491–497. Bibcode:1998Sci...279..491L. doi:10.1126/science.279.5350.491.
  • Caldwell, Lynton K. (August 1966). "Problems of Applied Ecology: Perceptions, Institutions, Methods, and Operational Tools". BioScience. 16 (8): 524–527. doi:10.2307/1293702. JSTOR 1293702.
  • Hobbs, Richard J.; Hallett, Lauren M.; Ehrlich, Paul R.; Mooney, Harold A. (June 2011). "Intervention Ecology: Applying Ecological Science in the Twenty-first Century". BioScience. 61 (6): 442–450. doi:10.1525/bio.2011.61.6.6. S2CID 12367177.
  • Encyclopedia of Applied Plant Sciences. Academic Press. 2017. ISBN 978-0-12-394808-3.
  • Frouz, J; Frouzová, J (2022). Applied Ecology. Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83225-4. ISBN 978-3-030-83224-7. S2CID 245009867.

External links edit

  •   Media related to Applied ecology at Wikimedia Commons

February 16, 2024
applied, ecology, field, within, ecology, that, considers, application, science, ecology, real, world, usually, management, questions, also, described, scientific, field, that, focuses, application, concepts, theories, models, methods, fundamental, ecology, en. Applied ecology is a sub field within ecology that considers the application of the science of ecology to real world usually management questions It is also described as a scientific field that focuses on the application of concepts theories models or methods of fundamental ecology to environmental problems 1 Applied EcologyApplied uses ecological approaches to address problems of specific parts of the environment 1 Contents 1 Concept 2 Approaches 3 Applications 4 See also 5 References 6 Bibliography 7 External linksConcept editApplied ecology is an integrated treatment of the ecological social and biotechnological aspects of natural resource conservation and management 2 Applied ecology typically focuses on geomorphology soils and plant communities as the underpinnings for vegetation and wildlife both game and non game management Applied ecology includes all disciplines that are related to human activities so that it does not only cover agriculture forestry and fisheries 3 but also global change 4 It has two study categories The first involves the outputs or those fields that address the use and management of the environment particularly for its ecosystem services and exploitable resources 1 The second are the inputs or those that are concerned with the management strategies or human influences on the ecosystem or biodiversity 1 The discipline is often linked to ecological management on the grounds that the effective management of natural ecosystems depends on ecological knowledge 5 It often uses an ecological approach to solve problems of specific parts of the environment which can involve the comparison of plausible options e g best management options 1 The role of applied science in agricultural production has been brought into greater focus as fluctuations in global food production feed through into prices and availability to consumers 6 Approaches editApplied ecologists often use one or more of the following approaches namely observation experimentation and modeling 7 For example a wildlife preservation project could involve observational studies of the wildlife ecology experiments to understand causal relationships and the application of modeling to determine the information beyond the scope of experimentation 7 The ecological approach used in applied ecology could include inputs from management strategies such as conservation biology restoration ecology global change ecotoxicology biomonitoring biodiversity environmental policies and economics among others 1 Restoration ecology is a particularly prominent strategy in the discipline since it applies the principles of restoring and repairing damaged ecological systems to their original state 8 Like those used in ecological theory many areas of the discipline employ approaches that are based on simple statistical and analytic models e g spatial models as well as those with mathematical properties e g matrix models 9 There is also the digital computer simulation modeling which is designed to solve statistical ecology problems and to achieve bioeconomic goals such as the forecasting and the evaluation of consequences for specific activities 10 Applied ecology also requires human interest particularly the exercise of judgments of relative values and goals 11 Applications editApplied ecology can be applied to the economic development process The discipline for example can be integrated into the national economic planning to comprehensively address environmental concerns since these problems are intersectoral and interdisciplinary in nature 12 Aspects of applied ecology include nbsp Yellow star thistle is an invasive species in Yosemite National Park Agro ecosystem management Biodiversity conservation Biotechnology Conservation biology Disturbance management Ecosystem restoration Environmental engineering Environmental technology Habitat management Invasive species management Landscape use including development planning Protected areas management Rangeland management Restoration ecology Wildlife management including game Major journals in the field include Journal of Applied Ecology Ecological Applications Applied Ecology and Environmental ResearchRelated organizations include Ecological Society of America The Americas Society for Ecological Restoration Global Institute for Applied Ecology USA Kazakh Agency of Applied Ecology Oko Institut Institute for Applied Ecology in Germany See also edit nbsp Ecology portal nbsp Earth sciences portal nbsp Environment portal nbsp Biology portal nbsp Wikibooks has a book on the topic of Applied ecology Holistic management Natural environment Natural resource Nature Environmental impact design Landscape planningReferences edit a b c d e f Hastings Dr Alan Gross Dr Louis 2012 05 31 Encyclopedia of Theoretical Ecology Berkeley CA University of California Press p 52 ISBN 9780520269651 Frouz Jan Frouzova Jaroslava 2022 Applied Ecology doi 10 1007 978 3 030 83225 4 ISBN 978 3 030 83224 7 S2CID 245009867 Frouz Jan Frouzova Jaroslava 2022 Applied Ecology doi 10 1007 978 3 030 83225 4 ISBN 978 3 030 83224 7 S2CID 245009867 Schulze Ernst Detlef Beck Erwin Muller Hohenstein Klaus 2005 Plant Ecology Berlin Springer Science amp Business Media p 1 ISBN 354020833X McPherson Guy R DeStefano Stephen 2003 Applied Ecology and Natural Resource Management Cambridge UK Cambridge University Press p 1 ISBN 9780521009751 Encyclopedia of Applied Plant Sciences Academic Press 2017 ISBN 978 0 12 394808 3 page needed a b Encyclopedia of Ecology Amsterdam Elsevier 2014 p 230 ISBN 9780444520333 Brooks Richard O Jones Ross 2017 07 05 Law and Ecology The Rise of the Ecosystem Regime Oxon Taylor amp Francis pp 21 22 ISBN 9780754620389 Canham Charles Draper William Cole Jonathan Lauenroth William K 2003 Models in Ecosystem Science Princeton NJ Princeton University Press pp 63 64 ISBN 0691092885 Patten Bernard C 1972 Systems Analysis and Simulation in Ecology Volume II New York Academic Press p 329 ISBN 9781483262772 DeSanto R S 2012 12 06 Concepts of Applied Ecology New York Springer Science amp Business Media p 124 ISBN 9781461394341 Goodland Robert 1990 Race to Save the Tropics Ecology And Economics For A Sustainable Future Washington D C Island Press p 12 ISBN 1559630396 Bibliography editSkelly David K Freidenburg L Kealoha 23 May 2012 Applied Ecology Ecology doi 10 1093 OBO 9780199830060 0039 ISBN 978 0 19 983006 0 Lubchenco J 23 January 1998 Entering the Century of the Environment A New Social Contract for Science Science 279 5350 491 497 Bibcode 1998Sci 279 491L doi 10 1126 science 279 5350 491 Caldwell Lynton K August 1966 Problems of Applied Ecology Perceptions Institutions Methods and Operational Tools BioScience 16 8 524 527 doi 10 2307 1293702 JSTOR 1293702 Hobbs Richard J Hallett Lauren M Ehrlich Paul R Mooney Harold A June 2011 Intervention Ecology Applying Ecological Science in the Twenty first Century BioScience 61 6 442 450 doi 10 1525 bio 2011 61 6 6 S2CID 12367177 Encyclopedia of Applied Plant Sciences Academic Press 2017 ISBN 978 0 12 394808 3 Frouz J Frouzova J 2022 Applied Ecology Springer International Publishing doi 10 1007 978 3 030 83225 4 ISBN 978 3 030 83224 7 S2CID 245009867 External links edit nbsp Media related to Applied ecology at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Applied ecology amp oldid 1197046396, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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