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Anupubbikathā

December 20, 2023

In Theravada Buddhism, anupubbikathā or ānupubbikathā[1] (Pali) – variously translated as "gradual discourse,"[2] "gradual instruction,"[3] "progressive instruction,"[4] and "step-by-step talk"[5] – is a method by which the Buddha taught the Dhamma to suitably receptive lay people. In this approach, the Four Noble Truths are the consummate teaching. The common formula is:

  1. Generosity (dāna)
  2. Virtue (sīla)
  3. Heaven (sagga)
  4. Danger of sensual pleasure (kāmānaṃ ādīnava)[6]
  5. Renunciation (nekkhamma)
  6. The Four Noble Truths (cattāri ariya-saccāni)[7]

From the Pali Canon edit

In the Pali Canon, the title for this training, its general intent and outline are provided in the following narrative formula (in English and Pali) which is found in multiple discourses:[8]

Details for this training are provided in DN 2[11] and, to a lesser degree, in MN 27 and MN 51.[12]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ For some alternate spellings of this Pali word, see Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), p. 39, entry for "Anupubbikathā," retrieved 2008-01-21 at [1]. Also note that, in the La Trobe University (n.d.) on-line edition of the Canon, the middle "i" of anupubbikathā or ānupubbikathā has a macron (ī).
  2. ^ "Gradual discourse" is found, for instance, in Walshe (1995), p. 215.
  3. ^ The translation "gradual instruction" is used, for instance, by Nyanatiloka (1980), entry for "ānupubbī-kathā" at http://www.budsas.org/ebud/bud-dict/dic3_a.htm.
  4. ^ "Progressive instruction" is used, for instance, Ñāṇamoli & Bodhi (2001), p. 485.
  5. ^ Thanissaro (1998).
  6. ^ In regards to translating ādīnava, Bullitt uses the word "drawbacks" while Ñāṇamoli & Bodhi (2001) use "danger" (p. 485), and Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25) recommend "disadvantage, danger" (p. 99, entry for "Ādīnava," retrieved 2007-11-13 from [2]).
  7. ^ See, for instance, Bullitt (2005).
  8. ^ According to Nyanatiloka (1980), three discourses that include this formula are DN 3, DN 14 and MN 56 (see Nyanatiloka, 1980, entry for "ānupubbī-kathā" at http://www.budsas.org/ebud/bud-dict/dic3_a.htm). A search of the on-line La Trobe University (n.d.) database reveals that the compound term ānupubbīkathaṃ (see http://www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au/dcd/pitikaresults.php?title=&start=0&to=10&searchstring=ānupubbīkathaṃ September 1, 2007, at the Wayback Machine) can be found ten times in the Vinaya Pitaka and eight times in the Sutta Pitaka including: DN 3 (D.i.110), DN 5 (D.i.148), MN 56 (M.i.379), MN 91 (M.ii.145), AN 8.12 (A.iv.186, 8.1.2.2), AN 8.20 (A.iv.209, 8.1.3.1), AN 8.21 (A.iv.213, 8.1.3.2), and KN's Ud. 5.3 (Ud. 48) (see Thanissaro, 1998). Additionally, a search of the La Trobe University database for ānupubbiṃ kathaṃ (see http://www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au/dcd/pitikaresults.php?title=&start=0&to=10&searchstring=ānupubbiṃ%20kathaṃ[permanent dead link] ) results in two instances of the formula being found in DN 14 (D.ii.41, D.ii.44). In DN 14, the identified formulaic statement is not stated by Gautama Buddha (who, according to the Pali canon, is the 28th Buddha) but by Buddha Vipassī (the 22nd Buddha), thus reinforcing that the Four Noble Truths are "the teaching special to the Buddhas," that is, Buddhas in addition to this age's self-awakened one, Gautama Buddha (see Walshe, 1995, pp. 215-16).
  9. ^ Upāli Sutta ("To Upāli," MN 56), verse 18, trans. by Ñāṇamoli & Bodhi (2001), p. 485. The final fourfold "special teaching" is a reference to the Four Noble Truths.
  10. ^ La Trobe University (n.d.), Majjhima Nikaya, vol. I, BJT page 72, PTS pages 379-80. (retrieved 2007-11-12 at http://www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au/dcd/tipitika.php?title=&record=3374 2007-09-04 at the Wayback Machine).
  11. ^ See, for instance, Thanissaro (1997).
  12. ^ Bodhi (2005), p. 226.

Bibliography edit

  • Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2005). In the Buddha's Words: An Anthology of Discourses from the Pali Canon. Boston: Wisdom Publications. ISBN 0-86171-491-1.
  • Bullitt, John T. (2005). Dhamma. Retrieved 2007-11-08 from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/dhamma/index.html.
  • La Trobe University (n.d.), "Pali Canon Online Database," online search engine of the Sri Lanka Tripitaka Project's (SLTP) Pali Canon. Retrieved 2007-11-12 at .
  • Ñāṇamoli, Bhikkhu (trans.) & Bodhi, Bhikkhu (ed.) (2001). The Middle-Length Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Majjhima Nikāya. Boston: Wisdom Publications. ISBN 0-86171-072-X.
  • Nyanatiloka (1980). Buddhist Dictionary: Manual of Buddhist Terms and Doctrines. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society. ISBN 955-24-0019-8. Retrieved 2007-11-10 from "BuddhaSasana" at http://www.budsas.org/ebud/bud-dict/dic_idx.htm.
  • Rhys Davids, T.W. & William Stede (eds.) (1921–25). The Pali Text Society’s Pali–English Dictionary. Chipstead: Pali Text Society. A general on-line search engine for the PED is available at http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/.
  • Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (1997). Samaññaphala Sutta: The Fruits of the Contemplative Life (DN 2). Retrieved 2007-11-11 from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/dn/dn.02.0.than.html.
  • Thanissaro, Bhikkhu (trans.) (1998). Kutthi Sutta: The Leper (Ud. 5.3). Retrieved 2007-11-12 from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/ud/ud.5.03.than.html.
  • Walshe, Maurice (1995). The Long Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Dīgha Nikāya. Boston: Wisdom Publications. ISBN 0-86171-103-3.

December 20, 2023
anupubbikathā, theravada, buddhism, anupubbikathā, ānupubbikathā, pali, variously, translated, gradual, discourse, gradual, instruction, progressive, instruction, step, step, talk, method, which, buddha, taught, dhamma, suitably, receptive, people, this, appro. In Theravada Buddhism anupubbikatha or anupubbikatha 1 Pali variously translated as gradual discourse 2 gradual instruction 3 progressive instruction 4 and step by step talk 5 is a method by which the Buddha taught the Dhamma to suitably receptive lay people In this approach the Four Noble Truths are the consummate teaching The common formula is Generosity dana Virtue sila Heaven sagga Danger of sensual pleasure kamanaṃ adinava 6 Renunciation nekkhamma The Four Noble Truths cattari ariya saccani 7 Contents 1 From the Pali Canon 2 See also 3 Notes 4 BibliographyFrom the Pali Canon editIn the Pali Canon the title for this training its general intent and outline are provided in the following narrative formula in English and Pali which is found in multiple discourses 8 Then the Blessed One gave the householder progressive instruction that is talk on giving talk on virtue talk on the heavens he explained the danger degradation and defilement in sensual pleasures and the blessing of renunciation When he knew that the householder s mind was ready receptive free from hindrances elated and confident he expounded to him the teaching special to the Buddhas suffering its origin its cessation and the path 9 Atha kho bhagava gahapatissa anupubbikathaṃ kathesi Seyyathidaṃ danakathaṃ silakathaṃ saggakathaṃ kamanaṃ adinavaṃ okaraṃ saṅkilesaṃ nekkhamme anisaṃsaṃ pakasesi Yada bhagava annasi gahapatiṃ kallacittaṃ muducittaṃ vinivaraṇacittaṃ udaggacittaṃ pasannacittaṃ atha ya buddhanaṃ samukkaṃsika dhammadesana taṃ pakasesi dukkhaṃ samudayaṃ nirodhaṃ maggaṃ 10 Details for this training are provided in DN 2 11 and to a lesser degree in MN 27 and MN 51 12 See also editGradual training Four Noble Truths Noble Eightfold Path Dighajaṇu Sutta AN 8 54 Mangala Sutta Sn 2 4 Samannaphala Sutta DN 2 Threefold Training Buddhist Paths to liberationNotes edit For some alternate spellings of this Pali word see Rhys Davids amp Stede 1921 25 p 39 entry for Anupubbikatha retrieved 2008 01 21 at 1 Also note that in the La Trobe University n d on line edition of the Canon the middle i of anupubbikatha or anupubbikatha has a macron i Gradual discourse is found for instance in Walshe 1995 p 215 The translation gradual instruction is used for instance by Nyanatiloka 1980 entry for anupubbi katha at http www budsas org ebud bud dict dic3 a htm Progressive instruction is used for instance Naṇamoli amp Bodhi 2001 p 485 Thanissaro 1998 In regards to translating adinava Bullitt uses the word drawbacks while Naṇamoli amp Bodhi 2001 use danger p 485 and Rhys Davids amp Stede 1921 25 recommend disadvantage danger p 99 entry for Adinava retrieved 2007 11 13 from 2 See for instance Bullitt 2005 According to Nyanatiloka 1980 three discourses that include this formula are DN 3 DN 14 and MN 56 see Nyanatiloka 1980 entry for anupubbi katha at http www budsas org ebud bud dict dic3 a htm A search of the on line La Trobe University n d database reveals that the compound term anupubbikathaṃ see http www chaf lib latrobe edu au dcd pitikaresults php title amp start 0 amp to 10 amp searchstring anupubbikathaṃ Archived September 1 2007 at the Wayback Machine can be found ten times in the Vinaya Pitaka and eight times in the Sutta Pitaka including DN 3 D i 110 DN 5 D i 148 MN 56 M i 379 MN 91 M ii 145 AN 8 12 A iv 186 8 1 2 2 AN 8 20 A iv 209 8 1 3 1 AN 8 21 A iv 213 8 1 3 2 and KN s Ud 5 3 Ud 48 see Thanissaro 1998 Additionally a search of the La Trobe University database for anupubbiṃ kathaṃ see http www chaf lib latrobe edu au dcd pitikaresults php title amp start 0 amp to 10 amp searchstring anupubbiṃ 20kathaṃ permanent dead link results in two instances of the formula being found in DN 14 D ii 41 D ii 44 In DN 14 the identified formulaic statement is not stated by Gautama Buddha who according to the Pali canon is the 28th Buddha but by Buddha Vipassi the 22nd Buddha thus reinforcing that the Four Noble Truths are the teaching special to the Buddhas that is Buddhas in addition to this age s self awakened one Gautama Buddha see Walshe 1995 pp 215 16 Upali Sutta To Upali MN 56 verse 18 trans by Naṇamoli amp Bodhi 2001 p 485 The final fourfold special teaching is a reference to the Four Noble Truths La Trobe University n d Majjhima Nikaya vol I BJT page 72 PTS pages 379 80 retrieved 2007 11 12 at http www chaf lib latrobe edu au dcd tipitika php title amp record 3374 Archived 2007 09 04 at the Wayback Machine See for instance Thanissaro 1997 Bodhi 2005 p 226 Bibliography editBodhi Bhikkhu 2005 In the Buddha s Words An Anthology of Discourses from the Pali Canon Boston Wisdom Publications ISBN 0 86171 491 1 Bullitt John T 2005 Dhamma Retrieved 2007 11 08 from Access to Insight at http www accesstoinsight org ptf dhamma index html La Trobe University n d Pali Canon Online Database online search engine of the Sri Lanka Tripitaka Project s SLTP Pali Canon Retrieved 2007 11 12 at https web archive org web 20070927001234 http www chaf lib latrobe edu au dcd pali htm Naṇamoli Bhikkhu trans amp Bodhi Bhikkhu ed 2001 The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha A Translation of the Majjhima Nikaya Boston Wisdom Publications ISBN 0 86171 072 X Nyanatiloka 1980 Buddhist Dictionary Manual of Buddhist Terms and Doctrines Kandy Sri Lanka Buddhist Publication Society ISBN 955 24 0019 8 Retrieved 2007 11 10 from BuddhaSasana at http www budsas org ebud bud dict dic idx htm Rhys Davids T W amp William Stede eds 1921 25 The Pali Text Society s Pali English Dictionary Chipstead Pali Text Society A general on line search engine for the PED is available at http dsal uchicago edu dictionaries pali Thanissaro Bhikkhu trans 1997 Samannaphala Sutta The Fruits of the Contemplative Life DN 2 Retrieved 2007 11 11 from Access to Insight at http www accesstoinsight org tipitaka dn dn 02 0 than html Thanissaro Bhikkhu trans 1998 Kutthi Sutta The Leper Ud 5 3 Retrieved 2007 11 12 from Access to Insight at http www accesstoinsight org tipitaka kn ud ud 5 03 than html Walshe Maurice 1995 The Long Discourses of the Buddha A Translation of the Digha Nikaya Boston Wisdom Publications ISBN 0 86171 103 3 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Anupubbikatha amp oldid 1112050128, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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