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James Ezekiel Porter

December 18, 2023

James Ezekiel Porter (February 2, 1847 – June 25, 1876) was one of General Custer's eleven officers killed at the Battle of Little Bighorn, also known as Custer's Last Stand, and Porter was among the first verified casualties of the historic battle alerting the world to the demise of Custer's group.[1] According to several historians, Porter led troops in a defensive action at the Little Bighorn.[2][3] Porter also served in the American South during the Reconstruction Era,[4] where, according to a comrade, he respectably served "Ku Klux" duty[5] while the 7th Cavalry was charged with eradicating the Ku Klux Klan and illegal distilling.[6][7][8][9]

James Ezekiel Porter
James Porter
Born(1847-02-02)February 2, 1847
Strong, Maine
DiedJune 25, 1876(1876-06-25) (aged 29)
Montana
Place of Burial
Strong Village Cemetery
Strong, Maine
AllegianceUnited States of America
Service/branchUnited States Army
Years of service1869–76
RankFirst Lieutenant
Unit7th U.S. Cavalry
Battles/warsAmerican Indian Wars

Early life and education edit

James Ezekiel Porter was born in Strong, Maine, in 1846 to Jeremy W. Porter, a wood manufacturer and state senator and trustee of the state reform school.[10] James Porter attended Bates College (called the Maine State Seminary until 1863) from 1862 to 1863 and then Norwich University from 1863 to 1864.[11] Porter was then appointed to the United States Military Academy at West Point by U.S. Representative Sidney Perham,[12] and Porter graduated in 1869, ranked 16th in a class of 39.[13] Porter and the other officers of the 7th Cavalry "in the nineteenth century...often came from cultured backgrounds."[14] Most officers in the Seventh Cavalry were educated at "civilian colleges" or the "prestigious Military Academy at West Point" and were part of a "stratified class system existing between commissioned and enlisted status."[15]

Military career edit

He received a commission as a second lieutenant in the U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment upon graduation and was first sent to Fort Leavenworth in Kansas, then Fort Wallace and Fort Harker, also in Kansas.[16] He participated in "The Plains" Indian warfare from 1869 to 1876 and also served "Ku Klux" duty in the South, according to a comrade,[17] during the post-Civil War Reconstruction Era when Porter served in various cities between 1871 and 1873, including Chester, South Carolina, Rutherfordton, North Carolina, Lincolnton, North Carolina and then Shelbyville, Lebanon and Louisville, Kentucky while the 7th was charged with suppressing the Ku Klux Klan.[18][19][20][21][22] For his efforts in serving "Ku Klux" duty, Porter was recognized by a comrade for his "energy and discretion [which] formed a combination sufficiently rare and valuable to give him a name among his fellows."[23] In 1872, Porter became a 1st lieutenant and was assigned to Troop I.[24] He was eventually sent back to Fort Abraham Lincoln and Fort Totten in Dakota.[25] He served in the Northern Boundary Survey in 1873 and 1874 being based in Minnesota.[26] Prior to the Battle at Little Bighorn in June 1876, Porter "had requested a transfer to the general staff for a more settled life" because "his wife had just given birth to their second child in March" and "the couple had moved fourteen times."[27] When Captain Myles Keogh returned to Ireland in 1874, Porter took command of Company I.[28]

Death at the Little Bighorn and unidentified body edit

On June 25, 1876, James Porter was likely killed by the Sioux in the Battle of the Little Bighorn under the command of George Custer.[29][30] Regarding the Sioux engagement, historian Dr. Charles Kuhlman describes "the intervention of Lieutenant Porter in bringing up Troop "I" and posting it so that the first platoon stood massed above the entrance to the ravine. This placed it squarely in the rear of the warriors Calhoun and Crittenden were fighting, compelling them to seek cover and putting them out of the fight."[31] Historian Thomas Hatch's research also surmises that because Keogh was found with Custer, "Lt. Porter actually commanded I Company on the battlefield. Every man from this company, known as the "Wild I" for its rowdy reputation, was killed."[32] Porter's Company I was stationed on the east side of Custer ridge in the battle, where they were either in reserve, providing aid or cover, or "attempting a breakout during the last segment of the battle."[33] Reports from Indian Agent Valentine McGillycuddy, who spoke to Crazy Horse, and Captain Charles King, who interviewed several Indian survivors, both describe a single unidentified officer (not explicitly identified) from this east area who rode quickly through the Indian encirclement and nearly escaped, but looked back and saw a warrior pursuing him and committed suicide.[34][35] On June 27, 1876, troops searching for Custer found some of the first evidence of Custer's demise in an abandoned Indian village when they "found the buckskin jacket of Lt. James Porter (Co. I) with a bloody hole on the side which covers the heart."[36] Some parties speculated that Porter's head was also purportedly found in the village,[37] but other sources claim this may have been another officer's (Sturgis) head, and that Porter's head was never recovered, but perhaps his torso was recovered.[38] Among modern researchers and archaeologists, the consensus is that Porter's body was one of three officers' bodies (James Porter, James G. Sturgis, and Henry M. Harrington)[39][40] never identified, even though his death was verified by his bloody jacket, which was identified.[41][42][43][44][45] The three missing officers were the only West Point graduates on the field besides Custer and Lt. Hodgson.[46] After receiving pressure from the officers' families, General Philip Sheridan gave special orders to his brother Lt. Colonel Michael Sheridan to locate and properly bury the twelve officers' bodies to the extent they could be located.[47] According to Nunnally's history, "[i]n 1910 Superintendent Wright set a stone marker for Lt. Porter whose body was never found. Wright had no evidence on the location of Porter's death and simply chose a random spot for its location."[48]

Legacy and family edit

 
Remains of Battery Porter at Fort Hunt in Virginia. The battery was named in Porter's honor in 1903.

Porter left a wife, Eliza Frances Westcott, originally from Lewiston, Maine, whom he had married in Portland, Maine, and he also left two children. Prior to the battle Capt. Myles W. Keogh, Co. I, sensing the danger of the expedition, "left a satchel of personal papers with Mrs. Eliza Porter, the wife of Company I's Lieutenant James Porter, and instructed her to burn them should he be killed."[49] In 1882 the U.S. Congress in a special bill awarded Eliza Porter a larger pension than normal due to her husband's death at the Little Bighorn.[50] Eliza Porter was living in San Jose, California at the time of her death in 1915.[51] Besides the marker at the Little Bighorn Battlefield, a family cenotaph memorial for Porter exists at the cemetery in his hometown of Strong, Maine which indicates his death at Custer's Last Stand, perhaps Maine's only monument to the battle.[52] A large ceremony was held for Porter upon his death at the Congregational church in Strong, Maine.[53] A coast artillery battery at Fort Hunt in Virginia was named in Porter's honor in 1903,[54] and the James E. Porter Post of the Grand Army of the Republic in Weld, Maine in Porter's home county was named in his honor as well.[55] One of Porter's personal Smith & Wesson revolvers that he carried while on duty is in the collections at Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument.[56] James E. Porter was featured as a character in Donald F. Myers' novel entitled Custer's Gatling Guns: What If He Had Taken His Machine Guns to the Little Bighorn?[57] and also in Frederick J. Chiaventone's A Road We Do Not Know: A Novel of Custer at Little Bighorn[58] and Romain Wilhelmsen's The Curse of Destiny: The Betrayal of General George Armstrong ...[59]

References edit

  1. ^ Jerry L. Russell, 1876 Facts About Custer & the Battle of the Little Big-Horn, (Da Capo Press, Oct 21, 1999) pg. 208
  2. ^ Thomas Hatch, Custer and the Battle of the Little Bighorn (McFarland & Co., 1997) Page 95
  3. ^ Charles Kuhlman, Legend into History (Old Army Press, 1977) pg. 196,
  4. ^ Biographical register of the officers and graduates of the U.S ..., Volume 3 By George Washington Cullum, United States Military Academy. Association of Graduates, (Houghton, Mifflin, 1891) pg. 133
  5. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-03-17. Retrieved 2013-01-29.
  6. ^ Duane Schultz, Custer: Lessons in Leadership (Macmillan, 2010), pg. 146
  7. ^ The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars, 1607–1890, (2011) pg. 144
  8. ^ James Michael Martinez, Carpetbaggers, Cavalry, and the Ku Klux Klan: Exposing the Invisible Empire (Rowman & Littlefield, 2007), 126, 127, 139, 145
  9. ^ Mark S. Weiner, Black Trials: Citizenship from the Beginnings of Slavery to the End of Caste (Random House, 2007), pg. 198
  10. ^ A Genealogy of the Descendants of Richard Porter, who Settled at Weymouth, Mass., 1635, and Allied Families: Also, Some Account of the Descendants of John Porter, who Settled at Hingham, Mass., 1635, and Salem (Danvers) Mass., 1644 (Google eBook), (Burr & Robinson, 1878) pg. 191
  11. ^ Ellis, William Arba, Norwich University 1819-1911: Her History, Her Graduates, Her Roll of Honor, Capital City Press, Montpelier, VT: 1911
  12. ^ Edward Payson Weston, The Northern Monthly: A Magazine of Original Literature and ..., Volume 1, September 1864, pg. 490
  13. ^ Thom Hatch, The Custer Companion: A Comprehensive Guide to the Life of George Armstrong Custer and the Plains Indian Wars, (Stackpole Books, 2002) pg. 212
  14. ^ Jerome A. Greene, Stricken Field: The Little Bighorn Since 1876 (University of Oklahoma Press, Apr 30, 2008), pg. 20-21
  15. ^ Jerome A. Greene, Stricken Field: The Little Bighorn Since 1876 (University of Oklahoma Press, Apr 30, 2008), pg. 20-21
  16. ^ Biographical register of the officers and graduates of the U.S ..., Volume 3 By George Washington Cullum, United States Military Academy. Association of Graduates, (Houghton, Mifflin, 1891) pg. 133
  17. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-03-17. Retrieved 2013-01-29.
  18. ^ Biographical register of the officers and graduates of the U.S ..., Volume 3 By George Washington Cullum, United States Military Academy. Association of Graduates, (Houghton, Mifflin, 1891) pg. 133
  19. ^ Duane Schultz, Custer: Lessons in Leadership (Macmillan, 2010), pg. 146
  20. ^ The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars, 1607–1890, (2011) pg. 144
  21. ^ James Michael Martinez, Carpetbaggers, Cavalry, and the Ku Klux Klan: Exposing the Invisible Empire (Rowman & Littlefield, 2007), 126, 127, 139, 145
  22. ^ Mark S. Weiner, Black Trials: Citizenship from the Beginnings of Slavery to the End of Caste (Random House, 2007), pg. 198
  23. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-03-17. Retrieved 2013-01-29.
  24. ^ Biographical register of the officers and graduates of the U.S ..., Volume 3 By George Washington Cullum, United States Military Academy. Association of Graduates, (Houghton, Mifflin, 1891) pg. 133
  25. ^ Biographical register of the officers and graduates of the U.S ..., Volume 3 By George Washington Cullum, United States Military Academy. Association of Graduates, (Houghton, Mifflin, 1891) pg. 133
  26. ^ Thom Hatch, The Custer Companion: A Comprehensive Guide to the Life of George Armstrong Custer and the Plains Indian Wars, (Stackpole Books, 2002) pg. 212
  27. ^ James Donovan, A Terrible Glory: Custer and the Little Bighorn - the Last Great Battle of ... (Little, Brown, & Co., 2008)
  28. ^ Tony Rees, Arc of the Medicine Line: Mapping the World's Longest Undefended Border, (U of Nebraska Press), 2007, pg. 253
  29. ^ Thom Hatch, Custer and the Battle of the Little Bighorn (McFarland & Co., 1997), pg. 95
  30. ^ James S. Brust, Brian C. Pohanka, Sandy Barnard, Where Custer Fell: Photographs of the Little Bighorn Battlefield (University of Oklahoma, 2007), pg. 103
  31. ^ Charles Kuhlman, Legend into History (Old Army Press, 1977) pg. 196,
  32. ^ Thomas Hatch, Custer and the Battle of the Little Bighorn (McFarland & Co., 1997) Page 95
  33. ^ Douglas D. Scott, Richard A. Fox, Melissa A. Connor, Dick Harmon, Archaeological Perspectives on the Battle of the Little Bighorn, (University of Oklahoma Press, Sep 1, 2000), pg. 125
  34. ^ James Donovan, A Terrible Glory: Custer and the Little Bighorn - the Last Great Battle of the American West (Little, Brown, & Co., 2008) referencing a letter (McGillycuddy to E. A. Brininstool, June 1, 1931, Brininstool Collection)
  35. ^ Captain Charles King, "CUSTER'S LAST BATTLE," Harper's New Monthly Magazine 81, (Aug. 1890), pg. 386
  36. ^ Jerry L. Russell, 1876 Facts About Custer & the Battle of the Little Big-Horn, (Da Capo Press, Oct 21, 1999) pg. 208
  37. ^ Douglas D. Scott, P. Willey, Melissa A. Connor, They Died With Custer: Soldiers' Bones from the Battle of the Little Bighorn, (University of Oklahoma Press, Sep 1, 2002) Table 11 pg. 109-110
  38. ^ Where Custer Fell: Photographs of the Little Bighorn Battlefield Then and Now By James S. Brust, Brian C. Pohanka, Sandy Barnard (University of Oklahoma Press, Mar 30, 2007), pg. 103
  39. ^ Douglas D. Scott, P. Willey, Melissa A. Connor, They Died With Custer: Soldiers' Bones from the Battle of the Little Bighorn, (University of Oklahoma Press, Sep 1, 2002), pg. 170
  40. ^ Jerome A. Greene, Stricken Field: The Little Bighorn Since 1876 (University of Oklahoma Press, Apr 30, 2008), pg. 20, 23, 40
  41. ^ Douglas D. Scott, Richard A. Fox, Melissa A. Connor, Dick Harmon, Archaeological Perspectives on the Battle of the Little Bighorn, (University of Oklahoma Press, Sep 1, 2000) 49-50, 245-46
  42. ^ Thom Hatch, The Custer Companion: A Comprehensive Guide to the Life of George Armstrong Custer and the Plains Indian Wars, (Stackpole Books, 2002) pg. 212
  43. ^ "From Custer's Last Stand: Archaeologists Seek Bodies From Little Bighorn", By James S. Brust, Brian C. Pohanka, Sandy Barnard (University of Oklahoma Press, Mar 30, 2007), pg. 103
  44. ^ Observer-Reporter - Apr 16, 1984, Washington, PA, pg. A8
  45. ^ Paul L. Hedren, After Custer: Loss and Transformation in Sioux Country, (University of Oklahoma Press, 2012) pg. 181
  46. ^ James S. Robbins, Last in Their Class: Custer, Pickett and the Goats of West Point (Encounter Books, 2006), pg. 382
  47. ^ Jerome A. Greene, Stricken Field: The Little Bighorn Since 1876 (University of Oklahoma Press, Apr 30, 2008), pg. 21
  48. ^ Early History of the Custer Battlefield and Park Superintendents, 1893 – 1958 by Michael L. Nunnally
  49. ^ Brian C. Pohanka, 'Born a Soldier': Myles Walter Keogh 2013-05-01 at the Wayback Machine, Part 3 of 3: Riding With Custer Into Eternity
  50. ^ Congressional serial set By United States, July 29, 1882, 47th Congress 1st Session, Report, No. 865, HR 6624 (Government Printing Office)
  51. ^ James Ezekiel Porter at Find a Grave
  52. ^ Big Horn Yellowstone journal - Volumes 1-3 (Powder River Press, 1992)
  53. ^ Big Horn Yellowstone Journal, Volumes 1-3 (Powder River Press, 1992)
  54. ^ Elihu Root, Elihu Root collection of United States documents: Ser. A.-F.] General Orders, No. 78 (U.S., 1903), pg. 6)
  55. ^ The Maine Bugle, Volumes 2-3, (1895) pg. 158
  56. ^ Douglas C. McChristian, John P. Langellier, The U.s. Army in the West, 1870-1880: Uniforms, Weapons, And Equipment (University of Oklahoma Press, 2006) pg. 284
  57. ^ Donald F. Myers, Custer's Gatling Guns: What If He Had Taken His Machine Guns to the Little Bighorn? (CCB Publishing, 2008), pp. 27, 87-89
  58. ^ Frederick J. Chiaventone, A Road We Do Not Know: A Novel of Custer at Little Bighorn (2002), pg. 140
  59. ^ Romain Wilhelmsen, The Curse of Destiny: The Betrayal of General George Armstrong (2000) pg. 210

Further reading edit

  • "Lieut. Porter and his family of Strong, Franklin County, Maine / a monograph by Andrew J. Johnston." (1992)

External links edit

December 18, 2023
james, ezekiel, porter, february, 1847, june, 1876, general, custer, eleven, officers, killed, battle, little, bighorn, also, known, custer, last, stand, porter, among, first, verified, casualties, historic, battle, alerting, world, demise, custer, group, acco. James Ezekiel Porter February 2 1847 June 25 1876 was one of General Custer s eleven officers killed at the Battle of Little Bighorn also known as Custer s Last Stand and Porter was among the first verified casualties of the historic battle alerting the world to the demise of Custer s group 1 According to several historians Porter led troops in a defensive action at the Little Bighorn 2 3 Porter also served in the American South during the Reconstruction Era 4 where according to a comrade he respectably served Ku Klux duty 5 while the 7th Cavalry was charged with eradicating the Ku Klux Klan and illegal distilling 6 7 8 9 James Ezekiel PorterJames PorterBorn 1847 02 02 February 2 1847Strong MaineDiedJune 25 1876 1876 06 25 aged 29 MontanaPlace of BurialStrong Village CemeteryStrong MaineAllegianceUnited States of AmericaService wbr branchUnited States ArmyYears of service1869 76RankFirst LieutenantUnit7th U S CavalryBattles warsAmerican Indian Wars Battle of Little Big Horn Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Military career 3 Death at the Little Bighorn and unidentified body 4 Legacy and family 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksEarly life and education editJames Ezekiel Porter was born in Strong Maine in 1846 to Jeremy W Porter a wood manufacturer and state senator and trustee of the state reform school 10 James Porter attended Bates College called the Maine State Seminary until 1863 from 1862 to 1863 and then Norwich University from 1863 to 1864 11 Porter was then appointed to the United States Military Academy at West Point by U S Representative Sidney Perham 12 and Porter graduated in 1869 ranked 16th in a class of 39 13 Porter and the other officers of the 7th Cavalry in the nineteenth century often came from cultured backgrounds 14 Most officers in the Seventh Cavalry were educated at civilian colleges or the prestigious Military Academy at West Point and were part of a stratified class system existing between commissioned and enlisted status 15 Military career editHe received a commission as a second lieutenant in the U S 7th Cavalry Regiment upon graduation and was first sent to Fort Leavenworth in Kansas then Fort Wallace and Fort Harker also in Kansas 16 He participated in The Plains Indian warfare from 1869 to 1876 and also served Ku Klux duty in the South according to a comrade 17 during the post Civil War Reconstruction Era when Porter served in various cities between 1871 and 1873 including Chester South Carolina Rutherfordton North Carolina Lincolnton North Carolina and then Shelbyville Lebanon and Louisville Kentucky while the 7th was charged with suppressing the Ku Klux Klan 18 19 20 21 22 For his efforts in serving Ku Klux duty Porter was recognized by a comrade for his energy and discretion which formed a combination sufficiently rare and valuable to give him a name among his fellows 23 In 1872 Porter became a 1st lieutenant and was assigned to Troop I 24 He was eventually sent back to Fort Abraham Lincoln and Fort Totten in Dakota 25 He served in the Northern Boundary Survey in 1873 and 1874 being based in Minnesota 26 Prior to the Battle at Little Bighorn in June 1876 Porter had requested a transfer to the general staff for a more settled life because his wife had just given birth to their second child in March and the couple had moved fourteen times 27 When Captain Myles Keogh returned to Ireland in 1874 Porter took command of Company I 28 Death at the Little Bighorn and unidentified body editOn June 25 1876 James Porter was likely killed by the Sioux in the Battle of the Little Bighorn under the command of George Custer 29 30 Regarding the Sioux engagement historian Dr Charles Kuhlman describes the intervention of Lieutenant Porter in bringing up Troop I and posting it so that the first platoon stood massed above the entrance to the ravine This placed it squarely in the rear of the warriors Calhoun and Crittenden were fighting compelling them to seek cover and putting them out of the fight 31 Historian Thomas Hatch s research also surmises that because Keogh was found with Custer Lt Porter actually commanded I Company on the battlefield Every man from this company known as the Wild I for its rowdy reputation was killed 32 Porter s Company I was stationed on the east side of Custer ridge in the battle where they were either in reserve providing aid or cover or attempting a breakout during the last segment of the battle 33 Reports from Indian Agent Valentine McGillycuddy who spoke to Crazy Horse and Captain Charles King who interviewed several Indian survivors both describe a single unidentified officer not explicitly identified from this east area who rode quickly through the Indian encirclement and nearly escaped but looked back and saw a warrior pursuing him and committed suicide 34 35 On June 27 1876 troops searching for Custer found some of the first evidence of Custer s demise in an abandoned Indian village when they found the buckskin jacket of Lt James Porter Co I with a bloody hole on the side which covers the heart 36 Some parties speculated that Porter s head was also purportedly found in the village 37 but other sources claim this may have been another officer s Sturgis head and that Porter s head was never recovered but perhaps his torso was recovered 38 Among modern researchers and archaeologists the consensus is that Porter s body was one of three officers bodies James Porter James G Sturgis and Henry M Harrington 39 40 never identified even though his death was verified by his bloody jacket which was identified 41 42 43 44 45 The three missing officers were the only West Point graduates on the field besides Custer and Lt Hodgson 46 After receiving pressure from the officers families General Philip Sheridan gave special orders to his brother Lt Colonel Michael Sheridan to locate and properly bury the twelve officers bodies to the extent they could be located 47 According to Nunnally s history i n 1910 Superintendent Wright set a stone marker for Lt Porter whose body was never found Wright had no evidence on the location of Porter s death and simply chose a random spot for its location 48 Legacy and family edit nbsp Remains of Battery Porter at Fort Hunt in Virginia The battery was named in Porter s honor in 1903 Porter left a wife Eliza Frances Westcott originally from Lewiston Maine whom he had married in Portland Maine and he also left two children Prior to the battle Capt Myles W Keogh Co I sensing the danger of the expedition left a satchel of personal papers with Mrs Eliza Porter the wife of Company I s Lieutenant James Porter and instructed her to burn them should he be killed 49 In 1882 the U S Congress in a special bill awarded Eliza Porter a larger pension than normal due to her husband s death at the Little Bighorn 50 Eliza Porter was living in San Jose California at the time of her death in 1915 51 Besides the marker at the Little Bighorn Battlefield a family cenotaph memorial for Porter exists at the cemetery in his hometown of Strong Maine which indicates his death at Custer s Last Stand perhaps Maine s only monument to the battle 52 A large ceremony was held for Porter upon his death at the Congregational church in Strong Maine 53 A coast artillery battery at Fort Hunt in Virginia was named in Porter s honor in 1903 54 and the James E Porter Post of the Grand Army of the Republic in Weld Maine in Porter s home county was named in his honor as well 55 One of Porter s personal Smith amp Wesson revolvers that he carried while on duty is in the collections at Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument 56 James E Porter was featured as a character in Donald F Myers novel entitled Custer s Gatling Guns What If He Had Taken His Machine Guns to the Little Bighorn 57 and also in Frederick J Chiaventone s A Road We Do Not Know A Novel of Custer at Little Bighorn 58 and Romain Wilhelmsen s The Curse of Destiny The Betrayal of General George Armstrong 59 References edit Jerry L Russell 1876 Facts About Custer amp the Battle of the Little Big Horn Da Capo Press Oct 21 1999 pg 208 Thomas Hatch Custer and the Battle of the Little Bighorn McFarland amp Co 1997 Page 95 Charles Kuhlman Legend into History Old Army Press 1977 pg 196 Biographical register of the officers and graduates of the U S Volume 3 By George Washington Cullum United States Military Academy Association of Graduates Houghton Mifflin 1891 pg 133 Annual Reunion of the United States Military Academy in 1877 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2013 03 17 Retrieved 2013 01 29 Duane Schultz Custer Lessons in Leadership Macmillan 2010 pg 146 The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars 1607 1890 2011 pg 144 James Michael Martinez Carpetbaggers Cavalry and the Ku Klux Klan Exposing the Invisible Empire Rowman amp Littlefield 2007 126 127 139 145 Mark S Weiner Black Trials Citizenship from the Beginnings of Slavery to the End of Caste Random House 2007 pg 198 A Genealogy of the Descendants of Richard Porter who Settled at Weymouth Mass 1635 and Allied Families Also Some Account of the Descendants of John Porter who Settled at Hingham Mass 1635 and Salem Danvers Mass 1644 Google eBook Burr amp Robinson 1878 pg 191 Ellis William Arba Norwich University 1819 1911 Her History Her Graduates Her Roll of Honor Capital City Press Montpelier VT 1911 Edward Payson Weston The Northern Monthly A Magazine of Original Literature and Volume 1 September 1864 pg 490 Thom Hatch The Custer Companion A Comprehensive Guide to the Life of George Armstrong Custer and the Plains Indian Wars Stackpole Books 2002 pg 212 Jerome A Greene Stricken Field The Little Bighorn Since 1876 University of Oklahoma Press Apr 30 2008 pg 20 21 Jerome A Greene Stricken Field The Little Bighorn Since 1876 University of Oklahoma Press Apr 30 2008 pg 20 21 Biographical register of the officers and graduates of the U S Volume 3 By George Washington Cullum United States Military Academy Association of Graduates Houghton Mifflin 1891 pg 133 Annual Reunion of the United States Military Academy in 1877 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2013 03 17 Retrieved 2013 01 29 Biographical register of the officers and graduates of the U S Volume 3 By George Washington Cullum United States Military Academy Association of Graduates Houghton Mifflin 1891 pg 133 Duane Schultz Custer Lessons in Leadership Macmillan 2010 pg 146 The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars 1607 1890 2011 pg 144 James Michael Martinez Carpetbaggers Cavalry and the Ku Klux Klan Exposing the Invisible Empire Rowman amp Littlefield 2007 126 127 139 145 Mark S Weiner Black Trials Citizenship from the Beginnings of Slavery to the End of Caste Random House 2007 pg 198 Annual Reunion of the United States Military Academy in 1877 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2013 03 17 Retrieved 2013 01 29 Biographical register of the officers and graduates of the U S Volume 3 By George Washington Cullum United States Military Academy Association of Graduates Houghton Mifflin 1891 pg 133 Biographical register of the officers and graduates of the U S Volume 3 By George Washington Cullum United States Military Academy Association of Graduates Houghton Mifflin 1891 pg 133 Thom Hatch The Custer Companion A Comprehensive Guide to the Life of George Armstrong Custer and the Plains Indian Wars Stackpole Books 2002 pg 212 James Donovan A Terrible Glory Custer and the Little Bighorn the Last Great Battle of Little Brown amp Co 2008 Tony Rees Arc of the Medicine Line Mapping the World s Longest Undefended Border U of Nebraska Press 2007 pg 253 Thom Hatch Custer and the Battle of the Little Bighorn McFarland amp Co 1997 pg 95 James S Brust Brian C Pohanka Sandy Barnard Where Custer Fell Photographs of the Little Bighorn Battlefield University of Oklahoma 2007 pg 103 Charles Kuhlman Legend into History Old Army Press 1977 pg 196 Thomas Hatch Custer and the Battle of the Little Bighorn McFarland amp Co 1997 Page 95 Douglas D Scott Richard A Fox Melissa A Connor Dick Harmon Archaeological Perspectives on the Battle of the Little Bighorn University of Oklahoma Press Sep 1 2000 pg 125 James Donovan A Terrible Glory Custer and the Little Bighorn the Last Great Battle of the American West Little Brown amp Co 2008 referencing a letter McGillycuddy to E A Brininstool June 1 1931 Brininstool Collection Captain Charles King CUSTER S LAST BATTLE Harper s New Monthly Magazine 81 Aug 1890 pg 386 Jerry L Russell 1876 Facts About Custer amp the Battle of the Little Big Horn Da Capo Press Oct 21 1999 pg 208 Douglas D Scott P Willey Melissa A Connor They Died With Custer Soldiers Bones from the Battle of the Little Bighorn University of Oklahoma Press Sep 1 2002 Table 11 pg 109 110 Where Custer Fell Photographs of the Little Bighorn Battlefield Then and Now By James S Brust Brian C Pohanka Sandy Barnard University of Oklahoma Press Mar 30 2007 pg 103 Douglas D Scott P Willey Melissa A Connor They Died With Custer Soldiers Bones from the Battle of the Little Bighorn University of Oklahoma Press Sep 1 2002 pg 170 Jerome A Greene Stricken Field The Little Bighorn Since 1876 University of Oklahoma Press Apr 30 2008 pg 20 23 40 Douglas D Scott Richard A Fox Melissa A Connor Dick Harmon Archaeological Perspectives on the Battle of the Little Bighorn University of Oklahoma Press Sep 1 2000 49 50 245 46 Thom Hatch The Custer Companion A Comprehensive Guide to the Life of George Armstrong Custer and the Plains Indian Wars Stackpole Books 2002 pg 212 From Custer s Last Stand Archaeologists Seek Bodies From Little Bighorn By James S Brust Brian C Pohanka Sandy Barnard University of Oklahoma Press Mar 30 2007 pg 103 Observer Reporter Apr 16 1984 Washington PA pg A8 Paul L Hedren After Custer Loss and Transformation in Sioux Country University of Oklahoma Press 2012 pg 181 James S Robbins Last in Their Class Custer Pickett and the Goats of West Point Encounter Books 2006 pg 382 Jerome A Greene Stricken Field The Little Bighorn Since 1876 University of Oklahoma Press Apr 30 2008 pg 21 Early History of the Custer Battlefield and Park Superintendents 1893 1958 by Michael L Nunnally Brian C Pohanka Born a Soldier Myles Walter Keogh Archived 2013 05 01 at the Wayback Machine Part 3 of 3 Riding With Custer Into Eternity Congressional serial set By United States July 29 1882 47th Congress 1st Session Report No 865 HR 6624 Government Printing Office James Ezekiel Porter at Find a Grave Big Horn Yellowstone journal Volumes 1 3 Powder River Press 1992 Big Horn Yellowstone Journal Volumes 1 3 Powder River Press 1992 Elihu Root Elihu Root collection of United States documents Ser A F General Orders No 78 U S 1903 pg 6 The Maine Bugle Volumes 2 3 1895 pg 158 Douglas C McChristian John P Langellier The U s Army in the West 1870 1880 Uniforms Weapons And Equipment University of Oklahoma Press 2006 pg 284 Donald F Myers Custer s Gatling Guns What If He Had Taken His Machine Guns to the Little Bighorn CCB Publishing 2008 pp 27 87 89 Frederick J Chiaventone A Road We Do Not Know A Novel of Custer at Little Bighorn 2002 pg 140 Romain Wilhelmsen The Curse of Destiny The Betrayal of General George Armstrong 2000 pg 210Further reading edit Lieut Porter and his family of Strong Franklin County Maine a monograph by Andrew J Johnston 1992 External links editBio of Porter James Ezekiel Porter at Find a Grave Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title James Ezekiel Porter amp oldid 1180832816, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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