Dithranol (INN) or anthralin (USAN and former BAN) is a hydroxyanthrone, anthracene derivative, medicine applied to the skin of people with psoriasis. It is available as creams, ointment or pastes in 0.1 to 2% strengths (Drithocreme, Dithrocream, Zithranol-RR, Micanol, Psorlin, Dritho-Scalp, Anthraforte, Anthranol and Anthrascalp). The terms dithranol and anthralin are sometimes used synonymously.
Dithranol has a slower onset of action in controlling psoriasis, typically several weeks, compared to glucocorticoidsteroids, but is without the potential for rebound reaction on withdrawal. It cannot be used on the face or genitalia. There is some tentative evidence that anthralin might be useful for alopecia areata.[1]
Side effects
It temporarily stains the skin a yellowy-brown to purple if not washed off after a period of time (45-60 minutes). It permanently stains clothing fabrics, shower curtains, and other materials such as ceramic sinks the same yellow-brown to purple in color depending on the concentration. It may cause a local burning sensation and irritation; this may be minimised by careful attention to the details of treatment and only gradually stepping up through the strengths of dithranol formulations. The surrounding skin can be protected using soft white paraffin and the treated area is covered with tube gauze.
Pharmacology
Dithranol accumulates in mitochondria where it interferes with the supply of energy to the cell, probably by the oxidation of dithranol releasing free radicals. This impedes DNA replication and so slows the excessive cell division that occurs in psoriatic plaques. In addition Dithranol may act by reducing the elevated levels of cGMP that occurs in psoriasis.[citation needed]
Anthralin is a synthetic compound whose precise mechanism of anti-psoriatic action is not yet fully understood. However, numerous studies have demonstrated anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of anthralin on psoriatic and normal skin. The anti-proliferative effects of anthralin appear to result from both an inhibition of DNA synthesis as well as from its strong reducing properties. Recently, anthralin’s effectiveness as an anti-psoriatic agent has also been in part attributed to its abilities to induce lipid peroxidation and reduce levels of endothelial adhesion molecules which are markedly elevated in psoriatic patients. Unlike retinoids and PUVA, anthralin does not inhibit liver microsomal enzyme activity; consequently, the likelihood of adverse drug interactions is greatly reduced when other agents are administered concomitantly with anthralin.[citation needed]
More dithranol penetrates into impaired skin in 30 minutes than into intact skin during about 16 hours. For this reason weaker 0.1-0.5% preparations are applied over night, but stronger 1-2% products are applied for between 30 minutes and one hour depending upon the formulation.
References
^Shapiro J (December 2013). "Current treatment of alopecia areata". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. Symposium Proceedings. 16 (1): S42-4. doi:10.1038/jidsymp.2013.14. PMID 24326551.
dithranol, anthralin, usan, former, hydroxyanthrone, anthracene, derivative, medicine, applied, skin, people, with, psoriasis, available, creams, ointment, pastes, strengths, drithocreme, dithrocream, zithranol, micanol, psorlin, dritho, scalp, anthraforte, an. Dithranol INN or anthralin USAN and former BAN is a hydroxyanthrone anthracene derivative medicine applied to the skin of people with psoriasis It is available as creams ointment or pastes in 0 1 to 2 strengths Drithocreme Dithrocream Zithranol RR Micanol Psorlin Dritho Scalp Anthraforte Anthranol and Anthrascalp The terms dithranol and anthralin are sometimes used synonymously DithranolClinical dataAHFS Drugs comMicromedex Detailed Consumer InformationPregnancycategoryAU B2Routes ofadministrationtopicalATC codeD05AC01 WHO Legal statusLegal statusUK P Pharmacy medicines Pharmacokinetic dataBioavailability0 trace amounts metabolitesProtein binding0 Metabolismabsorbed and oxidised within the skinElimination half lifen aExcretionn aIdentifiersIUPAC name 1 8 dihydroxy 9 10 dihydroanthracen 9 oneCAS Number1143 38 0 YPubChem CID2202ChemSpider2117 YUNIIU8CJK0JH5MKEGGD00233 YChEBICHEBI 37510 YChEMBLChEMBL46469 YCompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID7024538ECHA InfoCard100 013 216Chemical and physical dataFormulaC 14H 10O 3Molar mass226 231 g mol 13D model JSmol Interactive imageMelting point178 C 352 F SMILES O C2c1c O cccc1Cc3c2c O ccc3InChI InChI 1S C14H10O3 c15 10 5 1 3 8 7 9 4 2 6 11 16 13 9 14 17 12 8 10 h1 6 15 16H 7H2 YKey NUZWLKWWNNJHPT UHFFFAOYSA N Y verify Contents 1 Medical uses 2 Side effects 3 Pharmacology 4 References 5 Further readingMedical uses EditDithranol has a slower onset of action in controlling psoriasis typically several weeks compared to glucocorticoid steroids but is without the potential for rebound reaction on withdrawal It cannot be used on the face or genitalia There is some tentative evidence that anthralin might be useful for alopecia areata 1 Side effects EditIt temporarily stains the skin a yellowy brown to purple if not washed off after a period of time 45 60 minutes It permanently stains clothing fabrics shower curtains and other materials such as ceramic sinks the same yellow brown to purple in color depending on the concentration It may cause a local burning sensation and irritation this may be minimised by careful attention to the details of treatment and only gradually stepping up through the strengths of dithranol formulations The surrounding skin can be protected using soft white paraffin and the treated area is covered with tube gauze Pharmacology EditDithranol accumulates in mitochondria where it interferes with the supply of energy to the cell probably by the oxidation of dithranol releasing free radicals This impedes DNA replication and so slows the excessive cell division that occurs in psoriatic plaques In addition Dithranol may act by reducing the elevated levels of cGMP that occurs in psoriasis citation needed Anthralin is a synthetic compound whose precise mechanism of anti psoriatic action is not yet fully understood However numerous studies have demonstrated anti proliferative and anti inflammatory effects of anthralin on psoriatic and normal skin The anti proliferative effects of anthralin appear to result from both an inhibition of DNA synthesis as well as from its strong reducing properties Recently anthralin s effectiveness as an anti psoriatic agent has also been in part attributed to its abilities to induce lipid peroxidation and reduce levels of endothelial adhesion molecules which are markedly elevated in psoriatic patients Unlike retinoids and PUVA anthralin does not inhibit liver microsomal enzyme activity consequently the likelihood of adverse drug interactions is greatly reduced when other agents are administered concomitantly with anthralin citation needed More dithranol penetrates into impaired skin in 30 minutes than into intact skin during about 16 hours For this reason weaker 0 1 0 5 preparations are applied over night but stronger 1 2 products are applied for between 30 minutes and one hour depending upon the formulation References Edit Shapiro J December 2013 Current treatment of alopecia areata The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings 16 1 S42 4 doi 10 1038 jidsymp 2013 14 PMID 24326551 Further reading EditBritish National Formulary 45 March 2003 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dithranol amp oldid 1157646415, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
