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Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick

Anthony Ulrich (German: Anton Ulrich; 4 October 1633 – 27 March 1714), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruling Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from 1685 until 1702 jointly with his elder brother Rudolph Augustus, and solely from 1704 until his death. He was one of the main proponents of enlightened absolutism among the Brunswick dukes.

Life edit

He was born in Hitzacker, then the residence of his father Duke Augustus the Younger of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1579–1666) and his second wife Princess Dorothea of Anhalt-Zerbst (1607–1634). The next year his father, at the age of 55, assumed the rule in the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel after his Welf cousin Duke Frederick Ulrich had died childless.

Early years edit

 
Young Prince Anthony Ulrich

Anthony Ulrich was the second surviving son of the ducal couple; he and his siblings received a comprehensive education at the Wolfenbüttel court by scholars like Justus Georg Schottel and Sigmund von Birken, as well as by his art-minded stepmother Elisabeth Sophie of Mecklenburg (1613–1676). Anthony Ulrich's sister was Sibylle Ursula von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1629–1671),[1] who stood out as a writer and translator.

He studied at the University of Helmstedt where he obtained a doctorate in theology. On his Grand Tour, he travelled to Italy and the Low Countries, he met with Madeleine de Scudéry and became passionate about theatre. When he married Elisabeth Juliane (1633–1704), daughter of Duke Frederick of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderburg-Norburg, in 1656, he wrote a stage play on this occasion.

Co-ruler edit

Already his father consulted him in politics and the government business. After Augustus the Younger's death in 1666, Rudolph Augustus, Anthony Ulrich's elder brother, became reigning duke and made Anthony Ulrich his proxy. Rudolph Augustus had more interest in hunting and his library than in government affairs and left most decisions to his brother; in 1685, he officially made Anthony Ulrich a coregent with equal rights. The young prince united the forces of the Welf principalities to combat the rebellious City of Brunswick, whose citizens finally had to accept the ducal overlordship in 1671. In the following year, however, his main concern was the rivalry with his cousin Duke Ernest Augustus, who from 1679 ruled over the Brunswick Principality of Calenberg.

 
Duke Anthony Ulrich, portrait by Hyacinthe Rigaud

After the Ernest Augustus had received the new ninth prince-electorship from Emperor Leopold I in 1692 and went on to rule as Elector of Hanover, tensions between the two states rose, as both Anthony Ulrich and Rudolph Augustus were dismayed that they had not received the electorship according to the right of primogeniture. While both Hanover under Ernest Augustus' son Elector George Louis and the Welf Principality of Lüneburg sided with the Habsburg emperor in the War of the Spanish Succession, Anthony Ulrich decided to enter into an agreement with King Louis XIV of France. This led to Hanover and Lüneburg forces invading the Principality of Wolfenbüttel in March 1702; Anthony Ulrich was almost captured while travelling from his Wolfenbüttel residence to Brunswick. By order of the emperor, Anthony Ulrich was deposed as duke against his brother's protestations, and Rudolph Augustus remained as the only Wolfenbüttel ruler, while Anthony Ulrich fled to Saxe-Gotha. In April 1702, Rudolph Augustus signed a treaty with Hanover and Lüneburg that Anthony Ulrich later agreed to.

Sole ruler edit

After Rudolph Augustus' death in 1704, Anthony Ulrich took over government again. He continued to settle various disputes with his Hanover cousin George Louis, who in 1705 also inherited Lüneburg, until a final agreement between the two sister principalities was reached in 1706. Wolfenbüttel also renounced all claims to the former Ascanian duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg and received several smaller estates in compensation.

It was now Anthony Ulrich's turn to approach the Imperial Habsburg dynasty. In 1704, he had concluded an agreement with his cousin Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg, wife of the future Emperor Joseph I, to marry his granddaughter Elisabeth Christine off to Joseph's brother Archduke Charles of Austria. The young woman was reluctant to convert to the Catholic faith, which she finally did in a solemn ceremony at Bamberg Cathedral on 1 May 1707. The marriage took place the next year in Vienna.

In 1709, Anthony Ulrich himself converted to the Catholic Church. He guaranteed to his subjects that this would not influence his government, although he allowed the consecration of the first Catholic church in Brunswick. He lived to see the election of Archduke Charles as Emperor Charles VI in 1711 and also the marriage of his granddaughter Charlotte Christine with Alexei Petrovich Romanov, son of Tsar Peter I, in the same year.

He died at the age of 80 at his Schloss Salzdahlum residence, which he had built, and was buried in the crypt of the Wolfenbüttel Marienkirche. He was succeeded by his eldest surviving son, Augustus William.

Patron of the arts edit

 
Schloss Salzdahlum (demolished in 1813)

As an admirer of King Louis XIV of France, Anthony Ulrich is known as a supporter of scholarship and the arts. He introduced the French language at the Wolfenbüttel court and often spent enormous sums on cultural events and amusements. From 1689 to 1690, he had a public opera house erected in Brunswick, Staatstheater Braunschweig, which soon became a venue for Baroque composers such as Johann Rosenmüller, Johann Sigismund Kusser, Reinhard Keiser, Georg Caspar Schürmann, and Johann Adolph Hasse.

He significantly extended the Bibliotheca Augusta, a library founded by his father. He hired the philosopher Leibniz as a librarian, and was a supporter of Anton Wilhelm Amo, the first black Doctor of Philosophy in Europe. The new rotunda of the Bibliotheca Augusta, built according to plans by Hermann Korb and completed in 1712, was the first genuine library building in Germany. Hermann Korb also designed the plans for Schloss Salzdahlum which was erected between 1694 and 1695, modelled on the French Château de Marly. Here the Prussian crown prince Frederick II married Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern in 1733.

Anthony Ulrich also was a writer and had a large art collection, which later became the foundation of the Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum (Duke Anthony Ulrich Museum). His sister Sibylle Ursula wrote part of a novel, Die Durchlauchtige Syrerin Aramena (Aramena, the noble Syrian lady), which when complete would be the most famous courtly novel in German Baroque literature; it was finished by Anthony Ulrich and edited by Sigmund von Birken.[2][1]

Marriage and children edit

Anthony Ulrich married his cousin Elizabeth Juliana, daughter of Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderburg-Nordborg, in 1656. They had 13 children, seven of whom reached adulthood:[3]

Ancestry edit

Novels edit

  • Die Durchlauchtige Syrerin Aramena (Aramena, the noble Syrian lady; 1669–1673)
  • Die Römische Octavia (Octavia the Roman; 1677–1707)

References edit

  1. ^ a b Jo Catling (23 March 2000). A History of Women's Writing in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Cambridge University Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-521-65628-3.
  2. ^ Hilary Brown (2012). Luise Gottsched the Translator. Camden House. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-57113-510-0.
  3. ^ "Elisabeth Juliane af Nordborg". Efterkommere efter Hans den Yngre af Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg. hansdenyngre.dk. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  • Anthony Ulrich at the House of Welf site (in German)
  • Anthony Ulrich at Pierre Marteau's Publishing House, including entry from Zedler's Universal-Lexicon, 1732 (in German)
Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick
Cadet branch of the House of Este
Born: 4 October 1633 Died: 27 March 1714
Regnal titles
Preceded by Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
with his brother Rudolph Augustus

1685–1702
Succeeded by
Preceded by Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

1704–1714
Succeeded by

anthony, ulrich, duke, brunswick, confused, with, duke, anthony, ulrich, brunswick, anthony, ulrich, german, anton, ulrich, october, 1633, march, 1714, member, house, welf, duke, brunswick, lüneburg, ruling, prince, brunswick, wolfenbüttel, from, 1685, until, . Not to be confused with Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick Anthony Ulrich German Anton Ulrich 4 October 1633 27 March 1714 a member of the House of Welf was Duke of Brunswick Luneburg and ruling Prince of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel from 1685 until 1702 jointly with his elder brother Rudolph Augustus and solely from 1704 until his death He was one of the main proponents of enlightened absolutism among the Brunswick dukes Anthony UlrichDuke of Brunswick LuneburgPortrait by Christoph Bernhard FranckePrince of Brunswick WolfenbuttelReign1685 1714PredecessorRudolph AugustusSuccessorAugustus WilliamBorn 1633 10 04 4 October 1633Hitzacker Brunswick LuneburgDied27 March 1714 1714 03 27 aged 80 Salzdahlum Brunswick LuneburgBuriedMarienkirche WolfenbuttelNoble familyHouse of WelfSpouse s Elisabeth Juliane of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg NorburgIssueAugustus FrederickElizabeth Eleanore SophieAnne SophieAugustus WilliamAugusta DorotheaHenrietta Christine Abbess of GandersheimLouis RudolphFatherAugustus the Younger Duke of Brunswick LuneburgMotherDorothea of Anhalt Zerbst Contents 1 Life 1 1 Early years 1 2 Co ruler 1 3 Sole ruler 2 Patron of the arts 3 Marriage and children 4 Ancestry 5 Novels 6 ReferencesLife editHe was born in Hitzacker then the residence of his father Duke Augustus the Younger of Brunswick Luneburg 1579 1666 and his second wife Princess Dorothea of Anhalt Zerbst 1607 1634 The next year his father at the age of 55 assumed the rule in the Principality of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel after his Welf cousin Duke Frederick Ulrich had died childless Early years edit nbsp Young Prince Anthony UlrichAnthony Ulrich was the second surviving son of the ducal couple he and his siblings received a comprehensive education at the Wolfenbuttel court by scholars like Justus Georg Schottel and Sigmund von Birken as well as by his art minded stepmother Elisabeth Sophie of Mecklenburg 1613 1676 Anthony Ulrich s sister was Sibylle Ursula von Braunschweig Luneburg 1629 1671 1 who stood out as a writer and translator He studied at the University of Helmstedt where he obtained a doctorate in theology On his Grand Tour he travelled to Italy and the Low Countries he met with Madeleine de Scudery and became passionate about theatre When he married Elisabeth Juliane 1633 1704 daughter of Duke Frederick of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Norburg in 1656 he wrote a stage play on this occasion Co ruler edit Already his father consulted him in politics and the government business After Augustus the Younger s death in 1666 Rudolph Augustus Anthony Ulrich s elder brother became reigning duke and made Anthony Ulrich his proxy Rudolph Augustus had more interest in hunting and his library than in government affairs and left most decisions to his brother in 1685 he officially made Anthony Ulrich a coregent with equal rights The young prince united the forces of the Welf principalities to combat the rebellious City of Brunswick whose citizens finally had to accept the ducal overlordship in 1671 In the following year however his main concern was the rivalry with his cousin Duke Ernest Augustus who from 1679 ruled over the Brunswick Principality of Calenberg nbsp Duke Anthony Ulrich portrait by Hyacinthe RigaudAfter the Ernest Augustus had received the new ninth prince electorship from Emperor Leopold I in 1692 and went on to rule as Elector of Hanover tensions between the two states rose as both Anthony Ulrich and Rudolph Augustus were dismayed that they had not received the electorship according to the right of primogeniture While both Hanover under Ernest Augustus son Elector George Louis and the Welf Principality of Luneburg sided with the Habsburg emperor in the War of the Spanish Succession Anthony Ulrich decided to enter into an agreement with King Louis XIV of France This led to Hanover and Luneburg forces invading the Principality of Wolfenbuttel in March 1702 Anthony Ulrich was almost captured while travelling from his Wolfenbuttel residence to Brunswick By order of the emperor Anthony Ulrich was deposed as duke against his brother s protestations and Rudolph Augustus remained as the only Wolfenbuttel ruler while Anthony Ulrich fled to Saxe Gotha In April 1702 Rudolph Augustus signed a treaty with Hanover and Luneburg that Anthony Ulrich later agreed to Sole ruler edit After Rudolph Augustus death in 1704 Anthony Ulrich took over government again He continued to settle various disputes with his Hanover cousin George Louis who in 1705 also inherited Luneburg until a final agreement between the two sister principalities was reached in 1706 Wolfenbuttel also renounced all claims to the former Ascanian duchy of Saxe Lauenburg and received several smaller estates in compensation It was now Anthony Ulrich s turn to approach the Imperial Habsburg dynasty In 1704 he had concluded an agreement with his cousin Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick Luneburg wife of the future Emperor Joseph I to marry his granddaughter Elisabeth Christine off to Joseph s brother Archduke Charles of Austria The young woman was reluctant to convert to the Catholic faith which she finally did in a solemn ceremony at Bamberg Cathedral on 1 May 1707 The marriage took place the next year in Vienna In 1709 Anthony Ulrich himself converted to the Catholic Church He guaranteed to his subjects that this would not influence his government although he allowed the consecration of the first Catholic church in Brunswick He lived to see the election of Archduke Charles as Emperor Charles VI in 1711 and also the marriage of his granddaughter Charlotte Christine with Alexei Petrovich Romanov son of Tsar Peter I in the same year He died at the age of 80 at his Schloss Salzdahlum residence which he had built and was buried in the crypt of the Wolfenbuttel Marienkirche He was succeeded by his eldest surviving son Augustus William Patron of the arts edit nbsp Schloss Salzdahlum demolished in 1813 As an admirer of King Louis XIV of France Anthony Ulrich is known as a supporter of scholarship and the arts He introduced the French language at the Wolfenbuttel court and often spent enormous sums on cultural events and amusements From 1689 to 1690 he had a public opera house erected in Brunswick Staatstheater Braunschweig which soon became a venue for Baroque composers such as Johann Rosenmuller Johann Sigismund Kusser Reinhard Keiser Georg Caspar Schurmann and Johann Adolph Hasse He significantly extended the Bibliotheca Augusta a library founded by his father He hired the philosopher Leibniz as a librarian and was a supporter of Anton Wilhelm Amo the first black Doctor of Philosophy in Europe The new rotunda of the Bibliotheca Augusta built according to plans by Hermann Korb and completed in 1712 was the first genuine library building in Germany Hermann Korb also designed the plans for Schloss Salzdahlum which was erected between 1694 and 1695 modelled on the French Chateau de Marly Here the Prussian crown prince Frederick II married Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel Bevern in 1733 Anthony Ulrich also was a writer and had a large art collection which later became the foundation of the Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum Duke Anthony Ulrich Museum His sister Sibylle Ursula wrote part of a novel Die Durchlauchtige Syrerin Aramena Aramena the noble Syrian lady which when complete would be the most famous courtly novel in German Baroque literature it was finished by Anthony Ulrich and edited by Sigmund von Birken 2 1 Marriage and children editAnthony Ulrich married his cousin Elizabeth Juliana daughter of Frederick Duke of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Nordborg in 1656 They had 13 children seven of whom reached adulthood 3 Augustus Frederick 1657 1676 Elizabeth Eleanor Sophie 1658 1729 married John George Duke of Mecklenburg Mirow and Bernhard I Duke of Saxe Meiningen Anne Sophie 1659 1742 married Charles Gustav of Baden Durlach Leopold Augustus 1661 1662 died in infancy Augustus William 1662 1731 Augustus Henry 1663 1664 died in infancy Augustus Charles 1664 1664 died in infancy Augustus Francis 1665 1666 died in infancy Augusta Dorothea 1666 1751 married Anton Gunther II Count of Schwarzburg Sondershausen Arnstadt Amalia 1668 1668 died in infancy Henrietta Christina Abbess of Gandersheim 1669 1753 Louis Rudolph 1671 1735 Sibylla Ursula 1672 1673 died in infancyAncestry editAncestors of Anthony Ulrich Duke of Brunswick8 Ernest I Duke of Brunswick Luneburg4 Henry Duke of Brunswick Dannenberg9 Sophie of Mecklenburg Schwerin2 Augustus II Duke of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel10 Francis I Duke of Saxe Lauenburg5 Ursula of Saxe Lauenburg11 Sibylle of Saxony1 Anthony Ulrich Duke of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel12 Joachim Ernest Prince of Anhalt6 Rudolph Prince of Anhalt Zerbst13 Eleonore of Wurttemberg3 Dorothea of Anhalt Zerbst14 Henry Julius Duke of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel7 Dorothea Hedwig of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel15 Dorothea of SaxonyNovels editDie Durchlauchtige Syrerin Aramena Aramena the noble Syrian lady 1669 1673 Die Romische Octavia Octavia the Roman 1677 1707 References edit a b Jo Catling 23 March 2000 A History of Women s Writing in Germany Austria and Switzerland Cambridge University Press p 42 ISBN 978 0 521 65628 3 Hilary Brown 2012 Luise Gottsched the Translator Camden House p 27 ISBN 978 1 57113 510 0 Elisabeth Juliane af Nordborg Efterkommere efter Hans den Yngre af Slesvig Holsten Sonderborg hansdenyngre dk Retrieved 13 April 2017 Anthony Ulrich at the House of Welf site in German Anthony Ulrich at Pierre Marteau s Publishing House including entry from Zedler s Universal Lexicon 1732 in German Anthony Ulrich Duke of BrunswickHouse of WelfCadet branch of the House of EsteBorn 4 October 1633 Died 27 March 1714Regnal titlesPreceded byRudolph Augustus Duke of Brunswick LuneburgPrince of Brunswick Wolfenbuttelwith his brother Rudolph Augustus1685 1702 Succeeded byRudolph AugustusPreceded byRudolph Augustus Duke of Brunswick LuneburgPrince of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel1704 1714 Succeeded byAugustus William Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Anthony Ulrich Duke of Brunswick amp oldid 1154297839, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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