Anselme Payen (French: [pa.jɛ̃]; 6 January 1795 – 12 May 1871) was a French chemist known for discovering the enzyme diastase, and the carbohydrate cellulose.
At the age of 23, Payen became manager of a borax-refining factory, where he developed a process for synthesizing borax from soda and boric acid. Previously, all borax had been imported from the East Indies exclusively by the Dutch. Payen's new method of synthesizing borax allowed him to sell the mineral at one third the going price, and break the Dutch monopoly.
Payen also developed processes for refining sugar, along with a way to refine starch and alcohol from potatoes, and a method for determination of nitrogen. Payen invented a decolorimeter, which dealt with the analysis, decolorization, bleaching, and crystallization of sugar.
Payen discovered the first enzyme, diastase, in 1833.[2][3] He is also known for isolating and naming the carbohydrate cellulose.[4]
^A. Payen and J.-F. Persoz (1833) "Mémoire sur la diastase, les principaux produits de ses réactions et leurs applications aux arts industriels" (Memoir on diastase, the principal products of its reactions, and their applications to the industrial arts), Annales de chimie et de physique, 2nd series, vol. 53, pages 73–92.
^Fessner, W.D. (2000). Biocatalysis: From Discovery to Application. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. ISBN3-540-66970-1.
^A. Payen (1838) "Mémoire sur la composition du tissu propre des plantes et du ligneux" (Memoir on the composition of the tissue of plants and of woody [material]), Comptes rendus, vol. 7, pages 1052–1056. Payen added appendices to this paper on 24 December 1838 (see: Comptes rendus, vol. 8, page 169 (1839)) and on 4 February 1839 (see: Comptes rendus, vol. 9, page 149 (1839)). A committee of the French Academy of Sciences reviewed Payen's findings in : Jean-Baptiste Dumas (1839) "Rapport sur un mémoire de M. Payen, relatif à la composition de la matière ligneuse" (Report on a memoir of Mr. Payen, regarding the composition of woody matter), Comptes rendus, vol. 8, pages 51–53. In this report, the word "cellulose" is coined and the author points out the similarity between the empirical formula of cellulose and that of dextrine (starch). The above articles are reprinted in: Brongniart and Guillemin, eds., Annales des sciences naturelles... , 2nd series, vol. 11 (Paris, France: Crochard et Cie., 1839), pages 21–31.
^"ACS Cellulose and Renewable Materials Division - Anselme Payen Award".
May 10, 2023
anselme, payen, french, january, 1795, 1871, french, chemist, known, discovering, enzyme, diastase, carbohydrate, cellulose, born6, january, 1795parisdied12, 1871, aged, parisnationalityfrenchknown, fordiscovered, diastase, cellulosescientific, careerfieldsche. Anselme Payen French pa jɛ 6 January 1795 12 May 1871 was a French chemist known for discovering the enzyme diastase and the carbohydrate cellulose Anselme PayenAnselme PayenBorn6 January 1795ParisDied12 May 1871 aged 76 ParisNationalityFrenchKnown forDiscovered diastase and celluloseScientific careerFieldsChemistryInstitutionsEcole Centrale ParisCNAMBiography EditPayen was born in Paris He began studying science with his father when he was a 13 year old and later studied Chemistry at the Ecole Polytechnique under the chemists Louis Nicolas Vauquelin and Michel Eugene Chevreul 1 At the age of 23 Payen became manager of a borax refining factory where he developed a process for synthesizing borax from soda and boric acid Previously all borax had been imported from the East Indies exclusively by the Dutch Payen s new method of synthesizing borax allowed him to sell the mineral at one third the going price and break the Dutch monopoly Payen also developed processes for refining sugar along with a way to refine starch and alcohol from potatoes and a method for determination of nitrogen Payen invented a decolorimeter which dealt with the analysis decolorization bleaching and crystallization of sugar Payen discovered the first enzyme diastase in 1833 2 3 He is also known for isolating and naming the carbohydrate cellulose 4 In 1835 Payen became a professor at Ecole Centrale Paris He was later elected professor at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers He died in Paris on May 13 1871 Legacy EditThe American Chemical Society s Cellulose and Renewable Materials Division has established an annual award in his honor the Anselme Payen Award 5 References Edit Encarta Archived from the original on 2009 08 29 A Payen and J F Persoz 1833 Memoire sur la diastase les principaux produits de ses reactions et leurs applications aux arts industriels Memoir on diastase the principal products of its reactions and their applications to the industrial arts Annales de chimie et de physique 2nd series vol 53 pages 73 92 Fessner W D 2000 Biocatalysis From Discovery to Application Berlin Springer Verlag ISBN 3 540 66970 1 A Payen 1838 Memoire sur la composition du tissu propre des plantes et du ligneux Memoir on the composition of the tissue of plants and of woody material Comptes rendus vol 7 pages 1052 1056 Payen added appendices to this paper on 24 December 1838 see Comptes rendus vol 8 page 169 1839 and on 4 February 1839 see Comptes rendus vol 9 page 149 1839 A committee of the French Academy of Sciences reviewed Payen s findings in Jean Baptiste Dumas 1839 Rapport sur un memoire de M Payen relatif a la composition de la matiere ligneuse Report on a memoir of Mr Payen regarding the composition of woody matter Comptes rendus vol 8 pages 51 53 In this report the word cellulose is coined and the author points out the similarity between the empirical formula of cellulose and that of dextrine starch The above articles are reprinted in Brongniart and Guillemin eds Annales des sciences naturelles 2nd series vol 11 Paris France Crochard et Cie 1839 pages 21 31 ACS Cellulose and Renewable Materials Division Anselme Payen Award Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Anselme Payen amp oldid 1145162775, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
