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Anne O'Hare McCormick

December 20, 2023

Anne O'Hare McCormick (16 May 1880 – 29 May 1954) was an English-American journalist who worked as a foreign news correspondent for The New York Times. In an era where the field was almost exclusively "a man's world", she became the first woman to receive a Pulitzer Prize in a major journalism category, winning in 1937 for correspondence. Her husband's job led to frequent travels abroad, and her career as a journalist became more specialized.

Anne O'Hare McCormick
Anne O'Hare McCormick
Born
Anne O'Hare

(1880-05-16)May 16, 1880
Wakefield, Yorkshire, England
DiedMay 29, 1954(1954-05-29) (aged 74)
New York, United States
NationalityBritish, American
OccupationJournalist
Years active1910-1954
Known forFirst woman recipient of a major Pulitzer Prize in journalism, first woman to join the editorial board of The New York Times
Anne O'Hare McCormick on right, about 10 years old, with sisters Mabel and Florence

In 1921, she approached The New York Times about the prospect of becoming a freelance contributor from Europe. In 1936, she became the first woman to be appointed to the editorial board of the Times.

In 1939, with World War II imminent, McCormick spent five months in 13 different nations, speaking with both political leaders and ordinary citizens in reporting the growing crisis. She was reported to have spent time with President Franklin D. Roosevelt discussing policy. For her reporting during World War II, the War Department honored McCormick in 1946 with a campaign medal in recognition of "outstanding and conspicuous service with the armed forces under difficult and hazardous combat conditions."[1] Also in 1946, McCormick was selected to represent the US as a member of the first delegation to the UNESCO conference at the United Nations.

According to reporter Julia Edwards, in the chapter 'Anne O'Hare McCormick and the Changing Times' in her book Women of the World: The Great Foreign Correspondents, McCormick "established a new standard for commentary on world affairs. Displacing generations of armchair pundits, she explored a world in conflict to answer the question - Why?" [2]

Early life edit

McCormick was born in Wakefield, England on 16 May 1880, to parents Thomas J. O'Hare and Theresa Beatrice (née Berry), the first of three children.[3][4][5] She moved to the United States shortly after birth, and lived in Massachusetts before settling in Columbus, Ohio. Her father deserted the family in 1894.[5] She was educated at the College of Saint Mary of the Springs, which was then a high school. When it became a four-year college, they gave her the first of her 17 honorary degrees. She never attended university.[5]

After her graduation in 1898 as valedictorian, the family moved to Cleveland, where McCormick's mother sold her book, Songs at Twilight,[6] and both of them became associate editors for the Catholic Universe Bulletin.[5] Anne O'Hare married Dayton businessman Francis J. McCormick, Jr. (1872–1954), an importer and executive of the Dayton Plumbing Supply Company,[7] on 14 September 1910.[4][8] They settled in a Dayton house called "Hills and Dales," which they left in the 1930s to take up residence in the Gotham and then the Carlyle hotel in New York City, when not traveling in Europe.[9] The import-export business of her husband and her career coincided well together. At first, she travelled with him until her assignments became too demanding to follow her husband. He retired and travelled with her while arranging all their affairs.[10]

Journalism career edit

 
Anne O'Hare McCormick in 1941

In Dayton, McCormick began freelance writing and traveling to Europe on her husband's buying trips. Her work was first published by the Catholic World, The Reader Magazine, The Smart Set, The Bookman and The New York Times Magazine. In 1917 she wrote about the barriers to women in journalism.[11] In 1921, at the age of 39, she asked Carr Van Anda if she could contribute articles to the New York Times, to cover stories not already investigated by the Times' foreign reporters. The Times accepted, and McCormick provided the first in-depth reports of the rise of Benito Mussolini and the Fascist movement in Italy.[12][3][4][13] As described in a Current Biography article in 1940, "she was perhaps the first reporter to see that a young Milanese newspaper editor, lantern-jawed, hungry and insignificant, would attain world importance".[14][15] The Times made McCormick a regular contributor in 1922. The next three years, she wrote for the Atlantic Monthly as well. From 1925, she worked exclusively for the Times, until her death, except for one series of articles in the Ladies' Home Journal. [10]

While credited with predicting Mussolini’s importance, as a New York Times special correspondent and later as the columnist for foreign politics, she "carried on a political love affair with an idealized Italy and its noble leader"[16] the next two decades, "explaining to Americans the poetic beauties of the Italian landscape as well as the political beauties of Mussolini and Fascism," according to historian John Patrick Diggins.[17][18] Although the New York Times editorially was less disposed to support Fascism than its correspondents like McCormick, she justified the illegal Italian invasion of Ethiopia, the sending of Italian "volunteers" to support the revolt of General Francisco Franco against Spain’s democratically elected government during the Spanish Civil War, and the Rome-Berlin Axis with Hitler’s Nazi Germany.[19] "When Fascism collapsed in 1943," wrote Diggins, "she was less disappointed in Mussolini than in the 'apathetic' Italians who let him down."[17] According to Diggins, McCormick “fell under the spell" of Mussolini and "gave the New York Times' readers not so much an analysis of Fascism as a fantasy portrait of a resurrected Italy."[16]

In 1935, McCormick was named one of America's ten outstanding women by the suffragist Carrie Chapman Catt.[2][20] The New York Times publisher, Adolph Ochs did not hire women reporters, so she remained a special correspondent until he died. The next publisher, Arthur Hays Sulzberger put her on staff June 1, 1936, as the first woman member of the editorial board, at a starting salary of $7,000 per year. When she died in the 1950s she earned $30,624, more than all but four men in the paper's news staff.[21] In her letter to Sulzberger accepting the position, she said she wouldn't "revert to 'woman's-point-of-view' stuff."[12] Her dispatches from Europe that year were recognized with the Pulitzer Prize in 1937.[4]

She began a regular column February 1, 1937.[22] Prior to the start of World War II, McCormick obtained interviews with Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini, German leader Adolf Hitler in 1933,[23] a six-hours session with Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Winston Churchill, President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt, Popes Pius XI and XII, and other world leaders.[4][2] She recognized Hitler's popularity in Germany, while other US reporters were surprised at his election successes. After the war she covered the Nuremberg trials and the Greek civil war, and criticized John Foster Dulles for threatening to use the atom bomb before the USSR had it.[24]

Death and legacy edit

McCormick died in New York on May 29, 1954, and is buried at Gate of Heaven cemetery in Hawthorne, NY.[25] Her death was reported on the front page of the paper.[26] President Eisenhower called her "a truly great reporter, respected at home and abroad for her keen analysis and impartial presentation of the news developments of our day. She will be greatly missed by all the members of the newspaper profession and the hundreds of thousands of readers who followed her column in the New York Times." Times reporter James Reston said, "She put a glow on everything she wrote," and in 1999, 45 years after her death, said, "She is in my mind still."[27] British Foreign Minister Anthony Eden called her a "champion of all good causes." French Foreign Minister Georges Bidault said "this woman... has left us at a moment when her courage and her clairvoyance would have been particularly precious for us."[26]

Honors edit

In 1945, the Altrusa International service club for executive and professional women presented McCormick with its distinguished service award.[28]

In 1949, the American Irish Historical Society presented McCormick with a gold medal "in recognition of her eminence in journalism."[29]

The New York Newspaper Women's Club, where McCormick served multiple terms as vice president,[30][31][32] created the Anne O'Hare McCormick Journalism Scholarship in her memory.[33] The scholarship is for female students at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, with the first $500 memorial scholarship being awarded to Mary Kay Johnson of Wakefield, Rhode Island, in 1955.[33][34][35]

McCormick received the Siena Medal From Theta Phi Alpha in 1941.

Books edit

  • St. Agnes Church. Cleveland. Ohio. An interpretation (1920)
  • The Hammer and the Scythe: Communist Russia Enters the Second Decade (1928)
  • The World at Home (1956)
  • Vatican Journal 1921-1954 (1957)
  • Europa e Stati Uniti secondo il New York Times : la corrispondenza estera di Anne O'Hare McCormick, 1920-1954 (2000)

References edit

  1. ^ Edy 2016, pp. 1-2.
  2. ^ a b c Edwards 1989, p. 69.
  3. ^ a b Edwards 1989, p. 70.
  4. ^ a b c d e Sicherman & Hurd Green 1980, pp. 439-440.
  5. ^ a b c d Robertson 1992, pp. 21-22.
  6. ^ O'Hare, Teresa Beatrice (1898). Songs at Twilight. Cleveland: Columbus Printing Company.
  7. ^ Drury 1909, p. 625.
  8. ^ "Ann O'Hare McKormick - Great American Biographies". Constitutional Law Reporter. Retrieved 2018-05-29.
  9. ^ Robertson 1992, p. 36.
  10. ^ a b Edwards 1989, p. 73.
  11. ^ Robertson 1992, p. 24.
  12. ^ a b "She Was The Times's First Female Pulitzer Winner". New York Times. April 17, 2018. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  13. ^ McCormick, Anne O'Hare. "The New York Times - Anne O'Hare McCormick". Times Machine-Archives of New York Times. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  14. ^ Block 1940, pp. 530-531.
  15. ^ Fischer & Fischer 1987, p. 49.
  16. ^ a b Diggins 1972, pp. 47-48.
  17. ^ a b Diggins 1972, pp. 19-20.
  18. ^ Migone 2015, pp. pp. 67-68.
  19. ^ Diggins 1972, pp. 24-25.
  20. ^ "Mrs. Catt Names Ten 'First Women'". New York Times. December 10, 1935. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  21. ^ Robertson 1992, p. 41.
  22. ^ McCormick, Anne O'Hare (1937-02-01). "In Europe; Contrast of Visits of Goering and Bishops to Rome". New York Times. Retrieved 2020-04-25.
  23. ^ O'Hare McCormick, Anne (July 10, 1933). "Hitler Seeks Jobs For All Germans]". The New York Times. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
  24. ^ Robertson 1992, p. 39.
  25. ^ "MCCORMICK, ANNE (O'HARE) | Encyclopedia of Cleveland History | Case Western Reserve University". Encyclopedia of Cleveland History | Case Western Reserve University. 11 May 2018. Retrieved 2018-05-29.
  26. ^ a b "Anne O'Hare McCormick Is Dead; Member of Times Editorial Board; Interpreted News in Her Column, 'Abroad',"". The New York Times. May 30, 1954. Retrieved April 24, 2020.
  27. ^ Robertson 1992, p. 20.
  28. ^ "Honor for Mrs. McCormick". The New York Times. Vol. XCIV, no. 31961 (Late City ed.). July 27, 1945. p. 11. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  29. ^ "To Receive Gold Medal". The New York Times. Vol. XCVIII, no. 33330 (Late City ed.). April 26, 1949. p. 27. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  30. ^ "Newspaper Women Elect". The New York Times. Vol. XCIV, no. 31890 (Late City ed.). May 17, 1945. p. 17. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  31. ^ "News Women Elect". The New York Times. Vol. XCVII, no. 32989 (Late City ed.). May 20, 1948. p. 26. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  32. ^ "Newspaper Women Elect". The New York Times. Vol. CII, no. 34816 (Late City ed.). May 21, 1953. p. 33. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  33. ^ a b "M'Cormick Fund Planned". The New York Times. Vol. CIV, no. 35373 (Late City ed.). November 29, 1954. p. 16. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  34. ^ "Five Women Here Get Awards for Newspaper Work". The New York Times. Vol. CV, no. 35742 (Late City ed.). December 3, 1955. p. 38. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  35. ^ "Create Scholarship". Daily News. Vol. 27, no. 139. New York. December 4, 1945. p. 35. Retrieved November 17, 2020.

Sources edit

  • Block, Maxine, ed. (1940). Current Biography Yearbook 1940. New York, N.Y.: H.W. Wilson Company.
  • Diggins, John Patrick (1972). Mussolini and fascism: the view from America. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00581-8. OCLC 1192887928.
  • Drury, Augustus Waldo (1909). History of the city of Dayton and Montgomery County, Ohio. Chicago-Dayton: S.J. Clarke Publishing Company.
  • Edwards, Julia (1989). Women of the World: The Great Foreign Correspondents. New York, N.Y.: Ivy Books. ISBN 0-8041-0491-3.
  • Edy, Carolyn M. (2016). The Woman War Correspondent, The U.S Military, and The Press, 1846–1947. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. ISBN 978-1-498-53927-2. OCLC 958798216.
  • Fischer, Heinz Dietrich; Fischer, Erika J., eds. (1987). International Reporting, 1928-1985: From the Activities of the League of Nations to Present-day Global Problems, Volume 1. München, London, New York, Oxford, Paris: K.G. Saur Verlag KG. ISBN 3-598-30171-5.
  • Migone, Gian Giacomo (2015). The United States and Fascist Italy: The Rise of American Finance in Europe. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-00245-6.
  • Robertson, Nan C. (1992). The Girls in The Balcony : Women, Men, and The New York Times. New York, N.Y.: Random House. ISBN 0-394-58452-X. OCLC 24065184.
  • Sicherman, Barbara; Hurd Green, Carol, eds. (1980). Notable American Women: The Modern Period, a Biographical Dictionary, Volume 4. Cambridge, MA & London: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-62732-6.
  • "Elizabeth A. McCormick", Ohio History Central, July 1, 2005.
  • Papers of Anne O'Hare McCormick at the New York Public Library
  • Archives of Catholic Universe Bulletin at the Catholic Diocese of Cleveland


December 20, 2023
anne, hare, mccormick, 1880, 1954, english, american, journalist, worked, foreign, news, correspondent, york, times, where, field, almost, exclusively, world, became, first, woman, receive, pulitzer, prize, major, journalism, category, winning, 1937, correspon. Anne O Hare McCormick 16 May 1880 29 May 1954 was an English American journalist who worked as a foreign news correspondent for The New York Times In an era where the field was almost exclusively a man s world she became the first woman to receive a Pulitzer Prize in a major journalism category winning in 1937 for correspondence Her husband s job led to frequent travels abroad and her career as a journalist became more specialized Anne O Hare McCormickAnne O Hare McCormickBornAnne O Hare 1880 05 16 May 16 1880Wakefield Yorkshire EnglandDiedMay 29 1954 1954 05 29 aged 74 New York United StatesNationalityBritish AmericanOccupationJournalistYears active1910 1954Known forFirst woman recipient of a major Pulitzer Prize in journalism first woman to join the editorial board of The New York TimesAnne O Hare McCormick on right about 10 years old with sisters Mabel and FlorenceIn 1921 she approached The New York Times about the prospect of becoming a freelance contributor from Europe In 1936 she became the first woman to be appointed to the editorial board of the Times In 1939 with World War II imminent McCormick spent five months in 13 different nations speaking with both political leaders and ordinary citizens in reporting the growing crisis She was reported to have spent time with President Franklin D Roosevelt discussing policy For her reporting during World War II the War Department honored McCormick in 1946 with a campaign medal in recognition of outstanding and conspicuous service with the armed forces under difficult and hazardous combat conditions 1 Also in 1946 McCormick was selected to represent the US as a member of the first delegation to the UNESCO conference at the United Nations According to reporter Julia Edwards in the chapter Anne O Hare McCormick and the Changing Times in her book Women of the World The Great Foreign Correspondents McCormick established a new standard for commentary on world affairs Displacing generations of armchair pundits she explored a world in conflict to answer the question Why 2 Contents 1 Early life 2 Journalism career 3 Death and legacy 4 Honors 5 Books 6 References 7 SourcesEarly life editMcCormick was born in Wakefield England on 16 May 1880 to parents Thomas J O Hare and Theresa Beatrice nee Berry the first of three children 3 4 5 She moved to the United States shortly after birth and lived in Massachusetts before settling in Columbus Ohio Her father deserted the family in 1894 5 She was educated at the College of Saint Mary of the Springs which was then a high school When it became a four year college they gave her the first of her 17 honorary degrees She never attended university 5 After her graduation in 1898 as valedictorian the family moved to Cleveland where McCormick s mother sold her book Songs at Twilight 6 and both of them became associate editors for the Catholic Universe Bulletin 5 Anne O Hare married Dayton businessman Francis J McCormick Jr 1872 1954 an importer and executive of the Dayton Plumbing Supply Company 7 on 14 September 1910 4 8 They settled in a Dayton house called Hills and Dales which they left in the 1930s to take up residence in the Gotham and then the Carlyle hotel in New York City when not traveling in Europe 9 The import export business of her husband and her career coincided well together At first she travelled with him until her assignments became too demanding to follow her husband He retired and travelled with her while arranging all their affairs 10 Journalism career edit nbsp Anne O Hare McCormick in 1941In Dayton McCormick began freelance writing and traveling to Europe on her husband s buying trips Her work was first published by the Catholic World The Reader Magazine The Smart Set The Bookman and The New York Times Magazine In 1917 she wrote about the barriers to women in journalism 11 In 1921 at the age of 39 she asked Carr Van Anda if she could contribute articles to the New York Times to cover stories not already investigated by the Times foreign reporters The Times accepted and McCormick provided the first in depth reports of the rise of Benito Mussolini and the Fascist movement in Italy 12 3 4 13 As described in a Current Biography article in 1940 she was perhaps the first reporter to see that a young Milanese newspaper editor lantern jawed hungry and insignificant would attain world importance 14 15 The Times made McCormick a regular contributor in 1922 The next three years she wrote for the Atlantic Monthly as well From 1925 she worked exclusively for the Times until her death except for one series of articles in the Ladies Home Journal 10 While credited with predicting Mussolini s importance as a New York Times special correspondent and later as the columnist for foreign politics she carried on a political love affair with an idealized Italy and its noble leader 16 the next two decades explaining to Americans the poetic beauties of the Italian landscape as well as the political beauties of Mussolini and Fascism according to historian John Patrick Diggins 17 18 Although the New York Times editorially was less disposed to support Fascism than its correspondents like McCormick she justified the illegal Italian invasion of Ethiopia the sending of Italian volunteers to support the revolt of General Francisco Franco against Spain s democratically elected government during the Spanish Civil War and the Rome Berlin Axis with Hitler s Nazi Germany 19 When Fascism collapsed in 1943 wrote Diggins she was less disappointed in Mussolini than in the apathetic Italians who let him down 17 According to Diggins McCormick fell under the spell of Mussolini and gave the New York Times readers not so much an analysis of Fascism as a fantasy portrait of a resurrected Italy 16 In 1935 McCormick was named one of America s ten outstanding women by the suffragist Carrie Chapman Catt 2 20 The New York Times publisher Adolph Ochs did not hire women reporters so she remained a special correspondent until he died The next publisher Arthur Hays Sulzberger put her on staff June 1 1936 as the first woman member of the editorial board at a starting salary of 7 000 per year When she died in the 1950s she earned 30 624 more than all but four men in the paper s news staff 21 In her letter to Sulzberger accepting the position she said she wouldn t revert to woman s point of view stuff 12 Her dispatches from Europe that year were recognized with the Pulitzer Prize in 1937 4 She began a regular column February 1 1937 22 Prior to the start of World War II McCormick obtained interviews with Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini German leader Adolf Hitler in 1933 23 a six hours session with Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Winston Churchill President of the United States Franklin D Roosevelt Popes Pius XI and XII and other world leaders 4 2 She recognized Hitler s popularity in Germany while other US reporters were surprised at his election successes After the war she covered the Nuremberg trials and the Greek civil war and criticized John Foster Dulles for threatening to use the atom bomb before the USSR had it 24 Death and legacy editMcCormick died in New York on May 29 1954 and is buried at Gate of Heaven cemetery in Hawthorne NY 25 Her death was reported on the front page of the paper 26 President Eisenhower called her a truly great reporter respected at home and abroad for her keen analysis and impartial presentation of the news developments of our day She will be greatly missed by all the members of the newspaper profession and the hundreds of thousands of readers who followed her column in the New York Times Times reporter James Reston said She put a glow on everything she wrote and in 1999 45 years after her death said She is in my mind still 27 British Foreign Minister Anthony Eden called her a champion of all good causes French Foreign Minister Georges Bidault said this woman has left us at a moment when her courage and her clairvoyance would have been particularly precious for us 26 Honors editIn 1945 the Altrusa International service club for executive and professional women presented McCormick with its distinguished service award 28 In 1949 the American Irish Historical Society presented McCormick with a gold medal in recognition of her eminence in journalism 29 The New York Newspaper Women s Club where McCormick served multiple terms as vice president 30 31 32 created the Anne O Hare McCormick Journalism Scholarship in her memory 33 The scholarship is for female students at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism with the first 500 memorial scholarship being awarded to Mary Kay Johnson of Wakefield Rhode Island in 1955 33 34 35 McCormick received the Siena Medal From Theta Phi Alpha in 1941 Books editSt Agnes Church Cleveland Ohio An interpretation 1920 The Hammer and the Scythe Communist Russia Enters the Second Decade 1928 The World at Home 1956 Vatican Journal 1921 1954 1957 Europa e Stati Uniti secondo il New York Times la corrispondenza estera di Anne O Hare McCormick 1920 1954 2000 References edit Edy 2016 pp 1 2 a b c Edwards 1989 p 69 a b Edwards 1989 p 70 a b c d e Sicherman amp Hurd Green 1980 pp 439 440 a b c d Robertson 1992 pp 21 22 O Hare Teresa Beatrice 1898 Songs at Twilight Cleveland Columbus Printing Company Drury 1909 p 625 Ann O Hare McKormick Great American Biographies Constitutional Law Reporter Retrieved 2018 05 29 Robertson 1992 p 36 a b Edwards 1989 p 73 Robertson 1992 p 24 a b She Was The Times s First Female Pulitzer Winner New York Times April 17 2018 Retrieved October 10 2023 McCormick Anne O Hare The New York Times Anne O Hare McCormick Times Machine Archives of New York Times Retrieved April 25 2020 Block 1940 pp 530 531 Fischer amp Fischer 1987 p 49 a b Diggins 1972 pp 47 48 a b Diggins 1972 pp 19 20 Migone 2015 pp pp 67 68 Diggins 1972 pp 24 25 Mrs Catt Names Ten First Women New York Times December 10 1935 Retrieved April 25 2020 Robertson 1992 p 41 McCormick Anne O Hare 1937 02 01 In Europe Contrast of Visits of Goering and Bishops to Rome New York Times Retrieved 2020 04 25 O Hare McCormick Anne July 10 1933 Hitler Seeks Jobs For All Germans The New York Times Retrieved October 22 2023 Robertson 1992 p 39 MCCORMICK ANNE O HARE Encyclopedia of Cleveland History Case Western Reserve University Encyclopedia of Cleveland History Case Western Reserve University 11 May 2018 Retrieved 2018 05 29 a b Anne O Hare McCormick Is Dead Member of Times Editorial Board Interpreted News in Her Column Abroad The New York Times May 30 1954 Retrieved April 24 2020 Robertson 1992 p 20 Honor for Mrs McCormick The New York Times Vol XCIV no 31961 Late City ed July 27 1945 p 11 Retrieved November 18 2020 To Receive Gold Medal The New York Times Vol XCVIII no 33330 Late City ed April 26 1949 p 27 Retrieved November 18 2020 Newspaper Women Elect The New York Times Vol XCIV no 31890 Late City ed May 17 1945 p 17 Retrieved November 18 2020 News Women Elect The New York Times Vol XCVII no 32989 Late City ed May 20 1948 p 26 Retrieved November 18 2020 Newspaper Women Elect The New York Times Vol CII no 34816 Late City ed May 21 1953 p 33 Retrieved November 18 2020 a b M Cormick Fund Planned The New York Times Vol CIV no 35373 Late City ed November 29 1954 p 16 Retrieved November 18 2020 Five Women Here Get Awards for Newspaper Work The New York Times Vol CV no 35742 Late City ed December 3 1955 p 38 Retrieved November 17 2020 Create Scholarship Daily News Vol 27 no 139 New York December 4 1945 p 35 Retrieved November 17 2020 Sources editBlock Maxine ed 1940 Current Biography Yearbook 1940 New York N Y H W Wilson Company Diggins John Patrick 1972 Mussolini and fascism the view from America Princeton N J Princeton University Press ISBN 0 691 00581 8 OCLC 1192887928 Drury Augustus Waldo 1909 History of the city of Dayton and Montgomery County Ohio Chicago Dayton S J Clarke Publishing Company Edwards Julia 1989 Women of the World The Great Foreign Correspondents New York N Y Ivy Books ISBN 0 8041 0491 3 Edy Carolyn M 2016 The Woman War Correspondent The U S Military and The Press 1846 1947 Lanham MD Lexington Books ISBN 978 1 498 53927 2 OCLC 958798216 Fischer Heinz Dietrich Fischer Erika J eds 1987 International Reporting 1928 1985 From the Activities of the League of Nations to Present day Global Problems Volume 1 Munchen London New York Oxford Paris K G Saur Verlag KG ISBN 3 598 30171 5 Migone Gian Giacomo 2015 The United States and Fascist Italy The Rise of American Finance in Europe New York N Y Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 1 107 00245 6 Robertson Nan C 1992 The Girls in The Balcony Women Men and The New York Times New York N Y Random House ISBN 0 394 58452 X OCLC 24065184 Sicherman Barbara Hurd Green Carol eds 1980 Notable American Women The Modern Period a Biographical Dictionary Volume 4 Cambridge MA amp London Harvard University Press ISBN 0 674 62732 6 Elizabeth A McCormick Ohio History Central July 1 2005 Papers of Anne O Hare McCormick at the New York Public Library Archives of Catholic Universe Bulletin at the Catholic Diocese of Cleveland Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Anne O 27Hare McCormick amp oldid 1188283351, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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