An anacoluthon (/ænəkəˈljuːθɒn/; from the Greek anakolouthon, from an-: "not" and ἀκόλουθος akólouthos: "following") is an unexpected discontinuity in the expression of ideas within a sentence, leading to a form of words in which there is logical incoherence of thought. Anacolutha are often sentences interrupted midway, where there is a change in the syntactical structure of the sentence and of intended meaning following the interruption.[1]
An example is the Italian proverb "The good stuff – think about it."[2] This proverb urges people to make the best choice. When anacoluthon occurs unintentionally, it is considered to be an error in sentence structure and results in incoherent nonsense. However, it can be used as a rhetorical technique to challenge the reader to think more deeply, or in "stream of consciousness" literature to represent the disjointed nature of associative thought.
Anacolutha are very common in informal speech, where a speaker might start to say one thing, then break off and abruptly and incoherently continue, expressing a completely different line of thought. When such speech is reported in writing, a dash (—) is often included at the point of discontinuity.[3] The listener is expected to ignore the first part of the sentence, although in some cases it might contribute to the overall meaning in an impressionistic sense.
"Had ye been there – for what could that have done?" (John Milton in Lycidas)
In Paradise Lost, John Milton uses an anacoluthon with Satan's first words to illustrate his initial confusion:
"If thou beest he; but O how fallen! How changed" (I.83)
Additionally, Conrad Aiken's Rimbaud and Verlaine has an extended anacoluthon as it discusses anacoluthon:
Discussing, between moves, iamb and spondee Anacoluthon and the open vowel God the great peacock with his angel peacocks And his dependent peacocks the bright stars..."
EtymologyEdit
The word anacoluthon is a transliteration of the Greekἀνακόλουθον (anakólouthon), which derives from the privative prefix ἀν- (an-) and the root adjective ἀκόλουθος (akólouthos), "following". This, incidentally, is precisely the meaning of the Latin phrase non sequitur in logic. However, in Classical rhetoric anacoluthon was used both for the logical error of non sequitur and for the syntactic effect or error of changing an expected following or completion to a new or improper one.
Use of the termEdit
The term "anacoluthon" is used primarily within an academic context. It is most likely to appear in a study of rhetoric or poetry. For example, the 3rd edition of The King's English, an English style guide written by H. W. Fowler and F. G. Fowler, mentions it as a major grammatical mistake.
We can hardly conclude even so desultory a survey of grammatical misdemeanours as this has been without mentioning the most notorious of all. The anacoluthon is a failure to follow on, an unconscious departure from the grammatical scheme with which a sentence was started, the getting switched off, imperceptibly to the writer, very noticeably to his readers, from one syntax track to another.—The King's English, 3rd edition, p. 371.
The term does occasionally appear in popular media as well. The word, though not the underlying meaning (see malapropism), has been popularized, due to its use as an expletive by Captain Haddock in the English translations of The Adventures of Tintin series of books.
The poet and critic Rachel Blau DuPlessis defines anacoluthon as "the grammatical switching of horses in midstream of a sentence: beginning a sentence in one grammar and ending it in another." She argues that it involves "the employing of multiple discursive ranges and disjunctive transpositions from one to the other[,] hence in any one poem, far from being in one mode, one register, one stable voice, a writer is like an acrobat ... a Barthesean weaver of a wacky fabric, or someone who 'samples', like a certain kind of contemporary DJ."[4]
^. Merriam-webster.com. 2012-08-31. Archived from the original on April 25, 2013. Retrieved 2013-05-20.
^Alla buona derrata, pensaci su, from Mawr, E.B. (1885). Analogous Proverbs in Ten Languages. Stock. p. 116.
^Gowers, E. (1973). The Complete Plain Words. p. 182. ISBN9780140205541.
^DuPlessis, Rachel Blau (2009). "Agency, Social Authorship, and the Political Aura of Contemporary Poetry". Textual Practice. 23 (6): 995. doi:10.1080/09502360903361592. S2CID 143493347.
Brown, Huntington and Albert W. Halsall. "Anacoluthon" in Alex Preminger and T.V.F. Brogan, eds., The New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993. 67–8.
Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920). Greek Grammar. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 671–673. ISBN0-674-36250-0.
External linksEdit
Silva Rhetoricae reference
September 27, 2023
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This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations September 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message An anacoluthon ae n e k e ˈ lj uː 8 ɒ n from the Greek anakolouthon from an not and ἀkoloy8os akolouthos following is an unexpected discontinuity in the expression of ideas within a sentence leading to a form of words in which there is logical incoherence of thought Anacolutha are often sentences interrupted midway where there is a change in the syntactical structure of the sentence and of intended meaning following the interruption 1 An example is the Italian proverb The good stuff think about it 2 This proverb urges people to make the best choice When anacoluthon occurs unintentionally it is considered to be an error in sentence structure and results in incoherent nonsense However it can be used as a rhetorical technique to challenge the reader to think more deeply or in stream of consciousness literature to represent the disjointed nature of associative thought Anacolutha are very common in informal speech where a speaker might start to say one thing then break off and abruptly and incoherently continue expressing a completely different line of thought When such speech is reported in writing a dash is often included at the point of discontinuity 3 The listener is expected to ignore the first part of the sentence although in some cases it might contribute to the overall meaning in an impressionistic sense Contents 1 Examples 2 Etymology 3 Use of the term 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksExamples Edit Had ye been there for what could that have done John Milton in Lycidas In Paradise Lost John Milton uses an anacoluthon with Satan s first words to illustrate his initial confusion If thou beest he but O how fallen How changed I 83 Additionally Conrad Aiken s Rimbaud and Verlaine has an extended anacoluthon as it discusses anacoluthon Discussing between moves iamb and spondee Anacoluthon and the open vowel God the great peacock with his angel peacocks And his dependent peacocks the bright stars Etymology EditThe word anacoluthon is a transliteration of the Greek ἀnakoloy8on anakolouthon which derives from the privative prefix ἀn an and the root adjective ἀkoloy8os akolouthos following This incidentally is precisely the meaning of the Latin phrase non sequitur in logic However in Classical rhetoric anacoluthon was used both for the logical error of non sequitur and for the syntactic effect or error of changing an expected following or completion to a new or improper one Use of the term EditThe term anacoluthon is used primarily within an academic context It is most likely to appear in a study of rhetoric or poetry For example the 3rd edition of The King s English an English style guide written by H W Fowler and F G Fowler mentions it as a major grammatical mistake We can hardly conclude even so desultory a survey of grammatical misdemeanours as this has been without mentioning the most notorious of all The anacoluthon is a failure to follow on an unconscious departure from the grammatical scheme with which a sentence was started the getting switched off imperceptibly to the writer very noticeably to his readers from one syntax track to another The King s English 3rd edition p 371 The term does occasionally appear in popular media as well The word though not the underlying meaning see malapropism has been popularized due to its use as an expletive by Captain Haddock in the English translations of The Adventures of Tintin series of books The poet and critic Rachel Blau DuPlessis defines anacoluthon as the grammatical switching of horses in midstream of a sentence beginning a sentence in one grammar and ending it in another She argues that it involves the employing of multiple discursive ranges and disjunctive transpositions from one to the other hence in any one poem far from being in one mode one register one stable voice a writer is like an acrobat a Barthesean weaver of a wacky fabric or someone who samples like a certain kind of contemporary DJ 4 See also EditEnglish as She Is Spoke Figure of speech Non sequitur literary device RhetoricReferences Edit Anacoluthon Definition and More from the Free Merriam Webster Dictionary Merriam webster com 2012 08 31 Archived from the original on April 25 2013 Retrieved 2013 05 20 Alla buona derrata pensaci su from Mawr E B 1885 Analogous Proverbs in Ten Languages Stock p 116 Gowers E 1973 The Complete Plain Words p 182 ISBN 9780140205541 DuPlessis Rachel Blau 2009 Agency Social Authorship and the Political Aura of Contemporary Poetry Textual Practice 23 6 995 doi 10 1080 09502360903361592 S2CID 143493347 Aiken Conrad Selected Poems London OUP 2003 141 Brown Huntington and Albert W Halsall Anacoluthon in Alex Preminger and T V F Brogan eds The New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics Princeton NJ Princeton University Press 1993 67 8 Smyth Herbert Weir 1920 Greek Grammar Cambridge MA Harvard University Press pp 671 673 ISBN 0 674 36250 0 External links EditSilva Rhetoricae reference Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Anacoluthon amp oldid 1166313721, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
