Awami League (Pakistan)
Awami League, known as Awami Muslim League before 1955, was an East Pakistan-based Pakistani political party founded by Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy in February 1950. Pir of Manki Sharif and Khan Ghulam Mohammad Khan from the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) joined it soon afterwards.[1][2]
Awami League عوامی لیگ (Urdu) আওয়ামী লীগ (Bengali) | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | AL |
| Historical leader(s) | Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish Sheikh Mujibur Rahman |
| Founder | Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy |
| Founded | 23 June 1949 |
| Dissolved | 26 March 1971 |
| Split from | ML |
| Succeeded by | AL |
| Headquarters | Dacca, East Pakistan |
| Newspaper | Ittefaq |
| Ideology | Bengali nationalism (after 1966) Socialism Democratic socialism Factions: Secularism Islamic socialism |
| Political position | Left-wing |
| Colors | Green |
| Party flag | |
History edit
In East Pakistan, East Pakistan Awami Muslim League (Bengali: পূর্ব পাকিস্তান আওয়ামী মুসলিম লীগ) was founded by Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani and Yar Mohammad Khan in 23 June 1949.[2] It was established as the Bengali alternative to the Urdu dominated Muslim League in Pakistan and over centralization of the government. The party quickly gained massive popular support in East Bengal.[3] In the 1954 provincial election in Bengal, the party won 143 seats. The United Front of East Pakistan led by Haq, Bhasani and Surahwardhy the party won a total of 223 seats, soundly defeating the Muslim League with 10 seats.[4]
In 1950, Iftikhar Mamdot, who was dismissed from the premiership of Punjab, formed a party called Jinnah Muslim League. The two parties merged to form Jinnah Awami Muslim League prior to the provincial elections in 1951.[5] In the Punjab provincial election in 1951, the Jinnah Awami Muslim League polled 18.3 percent votes and won 32 seats.[5] In the NWFP, it won four seats.[1]
Subsequently, the two parties merged in 1959 and used the name All Pakistan Awami Muslim League.[6] The party later dropped All Pakistan and named the party Awami Muslim League in East Pakistan. Later, the party evolved under the leadership of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (himself a former aide to Suharwardy) and was named the Awami League .[3] After long arduous consultations and negotiations by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman with the West Pakistan establishment of remaining united as a single nation without bloodshed eventually led the forces of Bangladesh nationalism in the struggle against West Pakistan's military, socio economic and political control, and the civil establishment.[3]
After Operation Searchlight, in a radio address on the evening of March 26, Yahya Khan, the then president of Pakistan, declared the Awami League treasonous and banned the party. In addition to this, the government seized the bank accounts of the Awami League.[7]
President edit
| President[8][9] | Elected (National Council; NC) | In Office | Term length |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani | NC: 1949, 53, 55 | 23 June 1949 – 27 July 1956 | 7 years, 34 days |
| Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy | (acting) | 27 July 1956 – 10 October 1957 | 1 year, 75 days |
| Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish | NC: 1957, 64 | 10 October 1957 – 25 January 1966 | 8 years, 107 days |
| Sheikh Mujibur Rahman | NC: 1966, 70 | 25 January 1966 – 26 March 1971 | 5 years, 60 days |
General Secretary edit
| Name | Assumed office | Left office | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shamsul Huq | 1949 | 1953 | [10] |
| Sheikh Mujibur Rahman | 1953 | 1966 | [11] |
| Tajuddin Ahmad | 1966 | 1972 | [11] |
State leaders edit
| Prime Minister of Pakistan | |||
| Name | Term in office | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy | 1956–1957 | ||
| Chief Minister of East Pakistan | |||
| Name | Term in office | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Ataur Rahman Khan | 1956–1958 | ||
Electoral history edit
Pakistan National Assembly elections
| Election | Party leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Government |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | Sheikh Mujibur Rahman | 12,937,162 | 39.2% | 160 / 300 | 160 | 1st | Opposition |
East Pakistan Provincial Assembly elections
| Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Government |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1954 | 143 / 237 | 143 | 1st | Government | ||
| 1970 | 12,937,162 | 73.2% | 288 / 300 | 45 | 1st | Opposition |
Note
After the 1970 election it was blocked from governing by the West Pakistan
References edit
- ^ a b Kamran, Early phase of electoral politics in Pakistan 2009, p. 269.
- ^ a b Chowdhury, Moulana Bhashani Leader of the Toiling Masses 2012, p. 72.
- ^ a b c Abu Zafar Shamsddin, Atmasriti (Self-memories) -1st part, Dhaka, 2011.
- ^ Kamran, Early phase of electoral politics in Pakistan 2009, p. 277–278.
- ^ a b Kamran, Early phase of electoral politics in Pakistan 2009, p. 264.
- ^ Kamran, Early phase of electoral politics in Pakistan 2009, p. 274.
- ^ Chowdhury, pp. 58.
- ^ . Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha. 21 October 2016. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
- ^ . Prothom Alo (Opinion) (in Bengali). 23 June 2016. Archived from the original on 31 December 2017.
- ^ . Bangladesh Awami League. 23 July 2009. Archived from the original on 17 June 2010. Retrieved 31 October 2010.
- ^ a b "Bangladesh Awami League Constitution". Bangladesh Awami League. Archived from the original on 24 January 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
Bibliography edit
- Chowdhury, Anisuzzaman (2012), Moulana Bhashani Leader of the Toiling Masses: Leader of the Toiling Masses, Moulana Bhashani Foundation, ISBN 978-1-4691-3790-2
- Kamran, Tahir (July–December 2009). "Early phase of electoral politics in Pakistan: 1950s". South Asian Studies. 24 (2): 257–282.
- Samad, Yunas (1995), A Nation in Turmoil: Nationalism and Ethnicity in Pakistan, 1937-1958, Sage, ISBN 978-0-8039-9214-6
- Chowdhury, Afsan (2021). ১৯৭১: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন ও প্রতিরোধ [1971: Non-Cooperation Movement and Resistance] (in Bengali). Dhaka: Kothaprokash. ISBN 9789845101332.