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Alfred Teumer

January 01, 1970

Alfred Teumer (11 February 1918 – 4 October 1944) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator and fighter ace during World War II. He is credited with 76 aerial victories claimed in over 300 combat missions. This figure includes 66 aerial victories on the Eastern Front, and further ten claims over the Western Allies.

Alfred Teumer
Born(1918-02-11)11 February 1918
Neustadt am Rübenberge
Died4 October 1944(1944-10-04) (aged 26)
Hesepe near Osnabrück
Buried
Bramsche, Evangelical Cemetery
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service/branch Luftwaffe
Years of service1934–1944
RankHauptmann (captain)
UnitJG 54, Kdo Nowotny
Commands held5./JG 54, 2./JG 54, 7./JG 54,
2./Kdo Nowotny
Battles/warsWorld War II
AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Born in Neustadt am Rübenberge, Teumer grew up in the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. In December 1941, he was posted to Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) which was fighting on the Eastern Front. Flying with this wing, Teumer claimed his first aerial victory on 28 December 1941 during the Siege of Leningrad. Teumer was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 5. Staffel (5th squadron) of JG 54 in April 1943. He then commanded the newly created 10. Staffel of JG 54 before he was wounded in combat on 3 September 1943. Following his recovery, he was given command of 2. Staffel of JG 54 in December 1943. In April 1944, Teumer was transferred to 7. Staffel of JG 54 which was fighting in Defense of the Reich on the Western Front. On 19 August 1944, Teumer was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for 76 aerial victories claimed. He was then transferred to Kommando Nowotny, an experimental unit flying the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter. Teumer was killed in a flying accident on 4 October 1944 at Hesepe airfield when his Me 262 suffered engine failure during the landing approach.

Career edit

Teumer was born on 11 February 1918 in Neustadt am Rübenberge in the Province of Hanover of the German Empire. Following completion of flight and fighter pilot training,[Note 1] he was posted to 3. Staffel (3rd squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) on 2 December 1941 during the final days of Operation Barbarossa holding the rank of Leutnant.[2] At the time, 3. Staffel was temporarily commanded by Oberleutnant Max-Hellmuth Ostermann, who was substituting for Oberleutnant Hans Schmoller-Haldy. The Staffel was subordinated to Gruppe (1st group) of JG 54 headed by Hauptmann Erich von Selle and was based at Krasnogvardeysk, present-day Gatchina. The Gruppe fought in the northern sector of the Eastern Front in the aerial battles of the Siege of Leningrad.[3]

War against the Soviet Union edit

On 28 December 1941, I. Gruppe flew combat air patrols along the Volkhov where German ground forces were retreating fighting against the Volkhov Front. During these missions, Teumer claimed his first aerial victory when he shot down a Petlyakov Pe-2 bomber.[4] On 5 January 1942, command of I. Gruppe was given to Hauptmann Franz Eckerle when Selle was transferred.[5] Teumer claimed his second aerial victory on 9 January over a I-26 fighter, an early war German designation for the Yakovlev Yak-1. That day, the Gruppe again flew missions in support of the Heer (army) along the Volkhov in the combat area southeast of Leningrad near Tosno. Two days later, flying over the same combat area, Teumer was credited with two I-18 fighters shot down, a reference to the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-1 fighter aircraft.[6] The fighting along the Volkhov continued in the second half of January, predominately in the area between Leningrad and Shlisselburg. On 26 January, Teumer claimed his fifth aerial victory when he shot down a Pe-2 bomber.[7] Then on 30 January, Teumer made an emergency landing in his Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-2 (Werknummer 9685—factory number) at Chudovo, damaging the aircraft to 40%.[8] On 14 February, Eckerle was killed in action and command of I. Gruppe went to Hauptmann Hans Philipp.[9] In early March, the Gruppe supported the German 18th Army which was fighting in the Battle of Lyuban. In these battles, Teumer claimed a Curtiss P-40 Warhawk fighter on 5 March. The next day, he was credited with another P-40 fighter and an I-18 fighter shot down.[10]

On 9 February 1943, Teumer's Bf 109 G-2 (Werknummer 10321) was hit by anti-aircraft artillery and suffered engine failure, resulting in a forced landing at Sologubowka, approximately 70 kilometers (43 miles) southeast of Saint Petersburg.[11] Teumer was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 5. Staffel of JG 54 in April 1943. He replaced Hauptmann Paul Steindl who was transferred.[12] On 20 June, the creation of a newly formed IV. Gruppe (4th group) of JG 54 was ordered. Its first commander was Hauptmann Erich Rudorffer.[13] Teumer was tasked with the creation of 10. Staffel in July, a squadron of IV. Gruppe.[14] On 3 September, he was wounded in aerial combat flying a Bf 109 G-6 northwest of Gatchina.[15] He was replaced Oberleutnant Robert Weiß as commander of 10. Staffel.[14] During his convalescence, Teumer was awarded the German Cross in Gold (Deutsches Kreuz in Gold) on 17 October.[16] After his recovery, he took command of 2. Staffel of JG 54 from Oberleutnant Otto Vinzent in December 1943.[17] On 14 February, I. Gruppe moved to an airfield named Wesenberg near Rakvere, located approximately 60 kilometers (37 miles) north of Lake Peipus and 105 kilometers (65 miles) west of Narva. Here the Gruppe was subordinated to the 3. Flieger-Division (3rd Air Division) and fought in the Battle of Narva.[18]

Western Front edit

 
Combat box of a 12-plane B-17 squadron. Three such boxes completed a 36-plane group box.
  1. Lead Element
  2. High Element
  3. Low Element
  4. Low Low Element

In April 1944, Teumer was transferred to 7. Staffel of JG 54. He took command of the Staffel from Oberleutnant Rudolf Klemm who had been wounded in aerial combat on 9 April. The Staffel was subordinated to III. Gruppe led by Major Werner Schröer.[19] At the time, the Gruppe was based at Lüneburg Airfield and subordinated to 2. Jagd-Division (2nd Fighter Division) fighting in Defence of the Reich.[20] On 20 April, III. Gruppe relocated to Landau an der Isar for conversion training to the Focke-Wulf Fw 190. In consequence of this relocation, the Gruppe came under the control of 7. Jagd-Division (7th Fighter Division). Conversion training was relatively short and the Gruppe flew its first mission on the Fw 190 against attacking United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) heavy bombers on 19 May.[21] That day, Teumer was credited with an Herausschuss (separation shot)—a severely damaged heavy bomber forced to separate from its combat box which was counted as an aerial victory—over a Consolidated B-24 Liberator bomber. The Gruppe flew further missions on 22, 24, 25, 27, 28 and 29 May. On 24 May, Teumer was credited with shooting down a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bomber followed by another Herausschuss over a B-17 bomber on 27 May.[22]

When Allied forces launched Operation Overlord, the invasion of German-occupied Western Europe on 6 June, III. Gruppe was immediately ordered to relocate to Villacoublay Airfield. That day, the Gruppe reached Nancy, arriving in Villacoublay the following day where it was subordinated to II. Fliegerkorps (2nd Air Corps). Its primary objective was to fly fighter-bomber missions in support of the German ground forces. The Gruppe flew its first missions on 7 June to the combat area east of Caen and the Orne estuary.[21] Teumer claimed his first aerial victory in this combat area on 8 June when he shot down a USAAF North American P-51 Mustang fighter.[23] Two days later, he was shot down in aerial combat near the Orne estuary. He managed to bail out of his Fw 190 A-8 ZY (Werknummer 730384) but was wounded in the encounter.[24] In July, the Gruppe supported the German forces fighting in the Battle of Saint-Lô and the combat area near Paris predominantly under the control of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" (JG 26—26th Fighter Wing). In these battles, Teumer claimed a Lockheed P-38 Lightning fighter on 26 July.[25] In early August, combat shifted to Avranches, Mortain and Falaise. On 8 and 9 August, Teumer was credited with two further P-38 fighters shot down, one on each of these dates.[26]

On 16 August, III. Gruppe was withdrawn from the front and sent to München Gladbach, present-day Mönchengladbach, for a period of rest and replenishment.[27] There, Teumer was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 19 August 1944 for 76 aerial victories claimed.[28] During this period, Teumer served as acting Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of III. Gruppe until 17 September.[19] Teumer, who was childhood friend of Martin Drewes,[29] took command of 2. Staffel of Kommando Nowotny, flying the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter. The unit was named after Major Walter Nowotny and was tasked with testing the Me 262 under operational conditions. Teumer, who had received some training on the Me 262 at Rechlin, was killed in a flying accident on 4 October 1944 at Hesepe airfield. His Me 262 A-1a (Werknummer 170044) had suffered engine failure during the landing approach.[30][31]

Summary of career edit

Aerial victory claims edit

According to Spick, Teumer was credited with 76 aerial victories, 66 of which on the Eastern Front and ten on the Western Front, claimed in over 300 combat missions.[32] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 74 aerial victory claims. This figure includes 67 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and seven over the Western Allies, including three four-engined bombers.[33]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 00283". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[34]

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Teumer an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.
  This along with the * (asterisk) indicates an Herausschuss (separation shot)—a severely damaged heavy bomber forced to separate from his combat box which was counted as an aerial victory.
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
– 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[16]
Eastern Front — 6 December 1941 – 30 April 1942
1 28 December 1941 10:45?[Note 2] Pe-2[35] 5 26 January 1942 13:20 Pe-2[35]
2 9 January 1942 15:20 I-26 (Yak-1)[35] 6 5 March 1942 11:55 P-40[36]
3 11 January 1942 15:02 I-18 (MiG-1)[35] 7 6 March 1942 17:17 P-40[36]
4 11 January 1942 15:06 I-18 (MiG-1)[35] 8 6 March 1942 17:22 I-18 (MiG-1)[36]
– 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[37]
Eastern Front — 1 May 1942 – 3 February 1943
9 2 September 1942 12:23?[Note 3] Yak-1 PQ 00283[38]
20 km (12 mi) west of Mga 		16♠ 14 January 1943 08:08 Yak-1 PQ 10191[39]
east of Mga
10 12 January 1943 10:55 Il-2 PQ 10251[39]
15 km (9.3 mi) west-southwest of Shlisselburg 		17♠ 14 January 1943 12:20 I-16 PQ 00292[40]
10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Mga
11 12 January 1943 11:02 Il-2 PQ 0024[39] 18♠ 14 January 1943 12:22 I-16 PQ 00292[40]
10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Mga
12 12 January 1943 12:45 Yak-1 PQ 00253[39]
15 km (9.3 mi) west-southwest of Shlisselburg 		19 27 January 1943 11:27 LaGG-3 PQ 00263[41]
10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Shlisselburg
13 12 January 1943 12:48 Yak-1 PQ 00432[39]
10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Mga 		20 27 January 1943 14:10 MiG-3 PQ 10153[41]
southeast of Shlisselburg
14♠ 14 January 1943 07:57 Yak-1 PQ 10232[39]
vicinity of Mga 		21 27 January 1943 14:20 LaGG-3 PQ 10162[41]
southeast of Shlisselburg
15♠ 14 January 1943 07:59 Yak-1 PQ 10174[39]
vicinity of Mga
– 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[42]
Eastern Front — 4 February – April 1943
22 9 February 1943 09:34 P-40 PQ 36 Ost 10181[43]
east of Mga 		26 20 March 1943 09:10 Il-2 PQ 36 Ost 00414[44]
10 km (6.2 mi) east of Pushkin
23 16 March 1943 09:07 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 18223[44]
25 km (16 mi) east-southeast of Staraya Russa 		27 23 March 1943 08:05 Yak-1 PQ 36 Ost 00334[44]
Pushkin
24 16 March 1943 14:10 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 18219[44]
20 km (12 mi) east-southeast of Staraya Russa 		28?[Note 4] 8 April 1943 14:26 LaGG-3 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Pushkin
25 19 March 1943 17:14?[Note 5] I-16 PQ 36 Ost 00414[44]
10 km (6.2 mi) east of Pushkin 		29 8 April 1943 14:27 LaGG-3 PQ 36 Ost 00413[45]
10 km (6.2 mi) east of Pushkin
– 5. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[42]
Eastern Front — May – July 1943
30 4 May 1943 06:00 La-5 PQ 36 Ost 20474[46]
40 km (25 mi) south-southeast of Volkhov 		34 30 May 1943 20:20 P-40 PQ 36 Ost 10162[47]
southeast of Shlisselburg
31 26 May 1943 19:25 La-5 PQ 26 Ost 81141[47]
Gulf of Finland, north of Hungerburg 		35 1 June 1943 05:09 LaGG-3 PQ 36 Ost 20153[47]
southwest of Volkhov
32 27 May 1943 19:53 LaGG-3 PQ 36 Ost 20153[47]
southwest of Volkhov 		36 7 July 1943 16:27 I-153 PQ 36 Ost 21893[48]
33 27 May 1943 19:55 LaGG-3 PQ 36 Ost 20114[47]
west of Volkhov
– 10. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[42]
Eastern Front — August – 3 September 1943
37 17 August 1943 14:37 Yak-9 Leningrad[49] 42 27 August 1943 17:02 Il-2 PQ 36 Ost 00173[49]
10 km (6.2 mi) north of Selo
38 19 August 1943 10:33 LaGG-3 PQ 36 Ost 10473[49]
25 km (16 mi) northeast of Lyuban 		43 29 August 1943 17:58 La-5 PQ 36 Ost 00411[49]
10 km (6.2 mi) east of Pushkin
39 19 August 1943 16:27 I-16 PQ 36 Ost 10141[49]
south of Shlisselburg 		44 31 August 1943 17:48 La-5 PQ 36 Ost 00272[49]
15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Pushkin
40 21 August 1943 11:42 Il-2 PQ 36 Ost 00264[49]
10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Shlisselburg 		45 2 September 1943 16:32 La-5 PQ 26 Ost 90164[50]
10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Lomonosov
41 21 August 1943 18:17 Il-2 PQ 36 Ost 10114[49]
vicinity of Shlisselburg 		46 3 September 1943 16:57 Pe-2 PQ 36 Ost 00444[50]
10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Slutsk
– 2. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[42]
Eastern Front — December 1943 – April 1944
47 15 December 1943 09:45 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 06341[51] 58 7 February 1944 10:25 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 05134[52]
48 16 December 1943 09:42 La-5 PQ 25 Ost 96494[51]
north of Gorodok 		59 24 February 1944 15:12 Yak-9 PQ 26 Ost 80712[52]
20 km (12 mi) south of Narva
49 16 December 1943 12:02 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 06521[51] 60 25 February 1944 10:23 Yak-9 PQ 26 Ost 70694[52]
15 km (9.3 mi) southwest of Narva
50 16 December 1943 12:03 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 06522[51] 61 26 February 1944 15:00?[Note 6] Il-2 PQ 26 Ost 60674[52]
Gulf of Finland, southwest of Kunda
51 23 December 1943 11:48 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 06763[51] 62 26 February 1944 15:29 Il-2 PQ 26 Ost 60591[52]
southwest of Kunda
52 4 January 1944 09:58 Il-2 PQ 25 Ost 96561[53]
20 km (12 mi) southwest of Gorodok 		63 26 February 1944 15:31 Yak-1 PQ 26 Ost 60592[52]
southwest of Kunda
53 8 January 1944 09:33 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 06711[53] 64 2 April 1944 11:43 Yak-9 PQ 26 Ost 70452[54]
Baltic Sea, northwest of Hungerburg
54 8 January 1944 09:35 La-5 PQ 25 Ost 96692[53]
20 km (12 mi) south of Gorodok 		65 2 April 1944 15:33 LaGG-3 PQ 26 Ost 70433[54]
Baltic Sea, 40 km (25 mi) northeast of Kunda
55 8 January 1944 09:40 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 06884[53] 66 3 April 1944 17:12 Yak-9 PQ 26 Ost 70273[54]
Baltic Sea, 65 km (40 mi) northeast of Kunda
56 8 January 1944 12:55 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 06583[53] 67 4 April 1944 09:42 La-5 PQ 26 Ost 60481[54]
northeast of Kunda
57 12 January 1944 08:45 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 06877[53]
– 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[55]
Western Front — May – August 1944
68 19 May 1944 13:21 B-24* PQ 15 Ost JB[56]
south of Wittingen 		72 26 July 1944 14:55 P-38 PQ 04 Ost N/BA-2[57]
Le Merlerault
69 24 May 1944 11:57 B-17 PQ 15 Ost DD 2[56]
Prignitz Heath 		73 8 August 1944 14:31 P-38 PQ 15 Ost S/BT-4[58]
Mortain
70 27 May 1944 12:19 B-17* PQ 15 Ost DP[56]
Elzach/Black Forest 		74 9 August 1944 13:32 P-38 PQ 14 Ost N/AU-5[58]
Falaise
71 8 June 1944 06:27 P-51 PQ 15 West S/TU-9/2[56]
Dives-sur-Mer

Awards edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1, A2 and B1, B2, referred to as A/B flight training. A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics, navigation, long-distance flights and dead-stick landings. The B courses included high-altitude flights, instrument flights, night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations.[1]
  2. ^ According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 10:43.[16]
  3. ^ According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 12:22.[16]
  4. ^ This claim is not listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock.[45]
  5. ^ According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 17:04.[16]
  6. ^ According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 15:08.[42]
  7. ^ According to Scherzer as Staffelkapitän in the III./Jagdgeschwader 54.[63]

References edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, p. 17.
  2. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 215.
  3. ^ Prien et al. 2003, pp. 195–197.
  4. ^ Prien et al. 2005, pp. 178, 199.
  5. ^ Prien et al. 2005, p. 195.
  6. ^ Prien et al. 2005, pp. 180, 199.
  7. ^ Prien et al. 2005, pp. 182, 199.
  8. ^ Prien et al. 2005, p. 203.
  9. ^ Prien et al. 2005, pp. 195, 203.
  10. ^ Prien et al. 2005, pp. 190, 201.
  11. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 189.
  12. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 264.
  13. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 321.
  14. ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 344.
  15. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 351.
  16. ^ a b c d e Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1312.
  17. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 165.
  18. ^ Prien et al. 2022, p. 315.
  19. ^ a b Prien et al. 2019, p. 446.
  20. ^ Prien et al. 2019, p. 447.
  21. ^ a b Prien et al. 2019, p. 439.
  22. ^ Prien et al. 2019, pp. 439, 451.
  23. ^ Weal 2001, p. 91.
  24. ^ Prien et al. 2019, p. 459.
  25. ^ Prien et al. 2019, pp. 440, 452.
  26. ^ Prien et al. 2019, pp. 441, 453.
  27. ^ Prien et al. 2019, p. 441.
  28. ^ Weal 2001, p. 92.
  29. ^ Drewes 2011, p. 23.
  30. ^ Morgan & Weal 1998, p. 24.
  31. ^ Weal 2007, p. 75.
  32. ^ Spick 1996, p. 237.
  33. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1312–1314.
  34. ^ Planquadrat.
  35. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2005, p. 199.
  36. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2005, p. 201.
  37. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1312–1313.
  38. ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 93.
  39. ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2006, p. 96.
  40. ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 98.
  41. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2006, p. 100.
  42. ^ a b c d e Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1313.
  43. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 169.
  44. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2012, p. 172.
  45. ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 173.
  46. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 270.
  47. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2012, p. 271.
  48. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 272.
  49. ^ a b c d e f g h Prien et al. 2012, p. 349.
  50. ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 350.
  51. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2012, p. 188.
  52. ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2022, p. 380.
  53. ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2022, p. 379.
  54. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2022, p. 382.
  55. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1314.
  56. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2019, p. 451.
  57. ^ Prien et al. 2019, p. 452.
  58. ^ a b Prien et al. 2019, p. 453.
  59. ^ Dixon 2023, p. 148.
  60. ^ Patzwall 2008, p. 203.
  61. ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 472.
  62. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 420.
  63. ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 740.

Bibliography edit

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  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]. . Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
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  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2005). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/I—Winterkampf im Osten—6.12.1941 bis 30.4.1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/I—Winter War in the East—6 December 1941 to 30 April 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-76-2.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2006). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/III—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/III—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-78-6.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/III—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/III—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-07-9.
  • Prien, Jochen; Balke, Ulf; Stemmer, Gerhard; Bock, Winfried (2019). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 13/V—Einsatz im Reichsverteidigung und im Westen—1.1. bis 31.12.1944 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 13/V—Action in the Defense of the Reich and in the West—1 January to 31 December 1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-942943-21-5.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Balke, Ulf; Bock, Winfried (2022). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 15/II—Einsatz im Osten—1.1. bis 31.12.1944 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 15/II—Action in the East—1 January to 31 December 1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-28-4.
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
  • Spick, Mike (1996). Luftwaffe Fighter Aces. New York: Ivy Books. ISBN 978-0-8041-1696-1.
  • Weal, John (2001). Jagdgeschwader 54 "Grünherz". Aviation Elite Units. Vol. 6. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-286-9.
  • Weal, John (2007). More Bf 109 Aces of the Russian Front. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 76. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-177-9.

January 01, 1970
alfred, teumer, february, 1918, october, 1944, german, luftwaffe, military, aviator, fighter, during, world, credited, with, aerial, victories, claimed, over, combat, missions, this, figure, includes, aerial, victories, eastern, front, further, claims, over, w. Alfred Teumer 11 February 1918 4 October 1944 was a German Luftwaffe military aviator and fighter ace during World War II He is credited with 76 aerial victories claimed in over 300 combat missions This figure includes 66 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and further ten claims over the Western Allies Alfred TeumerBorn 1918 02 11 11 February 1918Neustadt am RubenbergeDied4 October 1944 1944 10 04 aged 26 Hesepe near OsnabruckBuriedBramsche Evangelical CemeteryAllegiance Nazi GermanyService wbr branch LuftwaffeYears of service1934 1944RankHauptmann captain UnitJG 54 Kdo NowotnyCommands held5 JG 54 2 JG 54 7 JG 54 2 Kdo NowotnyBattles warsWorld War IIAwardsKnight s Cross of the Iron Cross Born in Neustadt am Rubenberge Teumer grew up in the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany In December 1941 he was posted to Jagdgeschwader 54 JG 54 54th Fighter Wing which was fighting on the Eastern Front Flying with this wing Teumer claimed his first aerial victory on 28 December 1941 during the Siege of Leningrad Teumer was appointed Staffelkapitan squadron leader of 5 Staffel 5th squadron of JG 54 in April 1943 He then commanded the newly created 10 Staffel of JG 54 before he was wounded in combat on 3 September 1943 Following his recovery he was given command of 2 Staffel of JG 54 in December 1943 In April 1944 Teumer was transferred to 7 Staffel of JG 54 which was fighting in Defense of the Reich on the Western Front On 19 August 1944 Teumer was awarded the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross for 76 aerial victories claimed He was then transferred to Kommando Nowotny an experimental unit flying the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter Teumer was killed in a flying accident on 4 October 1944 at Hesepe airfield when his Me 262 suffered engine failure during the landing approach Contents 1 Career 1 1 War against the Soviet Union 1 2 Western Front 2 Summary of career 2 1 Aerial victory claims 2 2 Awards 3 Notes 4 References 4 1 Citations 4 2 BibliographyCareer editTeumer was born on 11 February 1918 in Neustadt am Rubenberge in the Province of Hanover of the German Empire Following completion of flight and fighter pilot training Note 1 he was posted to 3 Staffel 3rd squadron of Jagdgeschwader 54 JG 54 54th Fighter Wing on 2 December 1941 during the final days of Operation Barbarossa holding the rank of Leutnant 2 At the time 3 Staffel was temporarily commanded by Oberleutnant Max Hellmuth Ostermann who was substituting for Oberleutnant Hans Schmoller Haldy The Staffel was subordinated to Gruppe 1st group of JG 54 headed by Hauptmann Erich von Selle and was based at Krasnogvardeysk present day Gatchina The Gruppe fought in the northern sector of the Eastern Front in the aerial battles of the Siege of Leningrad 3 War against the Soviet Union edit On 28 December 1941 I Gruppe flew combat air patrols along the Volkhov where German ground forces were retreating fighting against the Volkhov Front During these missions Teumer claimed his first aerial victory when he shot down a Petlyakov Pe 2 bomber 4 On 5 January 1942 command of I Gruppe was given to Hauptmann Franz Eckerle when Selle was transferred 5 Teumer claimed his second aerial victory on 9 January over a I 26 fighter an early war German designation for the Yakovlev Yak 1 That day the Gruppe again flew missions in support of the Heer army along the Volkhov in the combat area southeast of Leningrad near Tosno Two days later flying over the same combat area Teumer was credited with two I 18 fighters shot down a reference to the Mikoyan Gurevich MiG 1 fighter aircraft 6 The fighting along the Volkhov continued in the second half of January predominately in the area between Leningrad and Shlisselburg On 26 January Teumer claimed his fifth aerial victory when he shot down a Pe 2 bomber 7 Then on 30 January Teumer made an emergency landing in his Messerschmitt Bf 109 F 2 Werknummer 9685 factory number at Chudovo damaging the aircraft to 40 8 On 14 February Eckerle was killed in action and command of I Gruppe went to Hauptmann Hans Philipp 9 In early March the Gruppe supported the German 18th Army which was fighting in the Battle of Lyuban In these battles Teumer claimed a Curtiss P 40 Warhawk fighter on 5 March The next day he was credited with another P 40 fighter and an I 18 fighter shot down 10 On 9 February 1943 Teumer s Bf 109 G 2 Werknummer 10321 was hit by anti aircraft artillery and suffered engine failure resulting in a forced landing at Sologubowka approximately 70 kilometers 43 miles southeast of Saint Petersburg 11 Teumer was appointed Staffelkapitan squadron leader of 5 Staffel of JG 54 in April 1943 He replaced Hauptmann Paul Steindl who was transferred 12 On 20 June the creation of a newly formed IV Gruppe 4th group of JG 54 was ordered Its first commander was Hauptmann Erich Rudorffer 13 Teumer was tasked with the creation of 10 Staffel in July a squadron of IV Gruppe 14 On 3 September he was wounded in aerial combat flying a Bf 109 G 6 northwest of Gatchina 15 He was replaced Oberleutnant Robert Weiss as commander of 10 Staffel 14 During his convalescence Teumer was awarded the German Cross in Gold Deutsches Kreuz in Gold on 17 October 16 After his recovery he took command of 2 Staffel of JG 54 from Oberleutnant Otto Vinzent in December 1943 17 On 14 February I Gruppe moved to an airfield named Wesenberg near Rakvere located approximately 60 kilometers 37 miles north of Lake Peipus and 105 kilometers 65 miles west of Narva Here the Gruppe was subordinated to the 3 Flieger Division 3rd Air Division and fought in the Battle of Narva 18 Western Front edit nbsp Combat box of a 12 plane B 17 squadron Three such boxes completed a 36 plane group box Lead ElementHigh ElementLow ElementLow Low Element In April 1944 Teumer was transferred to 7 Staffel of JG 54 He took command of the Staffel from Oberleutnant Rudolf Klemm who had been wounded in aerial combat on 9 April The Staffel was subordinated to III Gruppe led by Major Werner Schroer 19 At the time the Gruppe was based at Luneburg Airfield and subordinated to 2 Jagd Division 2nd Fighter Division fighting in Defence of the Reich 20 On 20 April III Gruppe relocated to Landau an der Isar for conversion training to the Focke Wulf Fw 190 In consequence of this relocation the Gruppe came under the control of 7 Jagd Division 7th Fighter Division Conversion training was relatively short and the Gruppe flew its first mission on the Fw 190 against attacking United States Army Air Forces USAAF heavy bombers on 19 May 21 That day Teumer was credited with an Herausschuss separation shot a severely damaged heavy bomber forced to separate from its combat box which was counted as an aerial victory over a Consolidated B 24 Liberator bomber The Gruppe flew further missions on 22 24 25 27 28 and 29 May On 24 May Teumer was credited with shooting down a Boeing B 17 Flying Fortress bomber followed by another Herausschuss over a B 17 bomber on 27 May 22 When Allied forces launched Operation Overlord the invasion of German occupied Western Europe on 6 June III Gruppe was immediately ordered to relocate to Villacoublay Airfield That day the Gruppe reached Nancy arriving in Villacoublay the following day where it was subordinated to II Fliegerkorps 2nd Air Corps Its primary objective was to fly fighter bomber missions in support of the German ground forces The Gruppe flew its first missions on 7 June to the combat area east of Caen and the Orne estuary 21 Teumer claimed his first aerial victory in this combat area on 8 June when he shot down a USAAF North American P 51 Mustang fighter 23 Two days later he was shot down in aerial combat near the Orne estuary He managed to bail out of his Fw 190 A 8 ZY Werknummer 730384 but was wounded in the encounter 24 In July the Gruppe supported the German forces fighting in the Battle of Saint Lo and the combat area near Paris predominantly under the control of Jagdgeschwader 26 Schlageter JG 26 26th Fighter Wing In these battles Teumer claimed a Lockheed P 38 Lightning fighter on 26 July 25 In early August combat shifted to Avranches Mortain and Falaise On 8 and 9 August Teumer was credited with two further P 38 fighters shot down one on each of these dates 26 On 16 August III Gruppe was withdrawn from the front and sent to Munchen Gladbach present day Monchengladbach for a period of rest and replenishment 27 There Teumer was awarded the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes on 19 August 1944 for 76 aerial victories claimed 28 During this period Teumer served as acting Gruppenkommandeur group commander of III Gruppe until 17 September 19 Teumer who was childhood friend of Martin Drewes 29 took command of 2 Staffel of Kommando Nowotny flying the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter The unit was named after Major Walter Nowotny and was tasked with testing the Me 262 under operational conditions Teumer who had received some training on the Me 262 at Rechlin was killed in a flying accident on 4 October 1944 at Hesepe airfield His Me 262 A 1a Werknummer 170044 had suffered engine failure during the landing approach 30 31 Summary of career editAerial victory claims edit According to Spick Teumer was credited with 76 aerial victories 66 of which on the Eastern Front and ten on the Western Front claimed in over 300 combat missions 32 Mathews and Foreman authors of Luftwaffe Aces Biographies and Victory Claims researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 74 aerial victory claims This figure includes 67 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and seven over the Western Allies including three four engined bombers 33 Victory claims were logged to a map reference PQ Planquadrat for example PQ 00283 The Luftwaffe grid map Jagermeldenetz covered all of Europe western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude an area of about 360 square miles 930 km2 These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km 4 km 1 9 mi 2 5 mi in size 34 Chronicle of aerial victories This and the Ace of spades indicates those aerial victories which made Teumer an ace in a day a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day This along with the asterisk indicates an Herausschuss separation shot a severely damaged heavy bomber forced to separate from his combat box which was counted as an aerial victory This and the question mark indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien Stemmer Rodeike Bock Mathews and Foreman Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location 3 Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 16 Eastern Front 6 December 1941 30 April 1942 1 28 December 1941 10 45 Note 2 Pe 2 35 5 26 January 1942 13 20 Pe 2 35 2 9 January 1942 15 20 I 26 Yak 1 35 6 5 March 1942 11 55 P 40 36 3 11 January 1942 15 02 I 18 MiG 1 35 7 6 March 1942 17 17 P 40 36 4 11 January 1942 15 06 I 18 MiG 1 35 8 6 March 1942 17 22 I 18 MiG 1 36 1 Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 37 Eastern Front 1 May 1942 3 February 1943 9 2 September 1942 12 23 Note 3 Yak 1 PQ 00283 38 20 km 12 mi west of Mga 16 14 January 1943 08 08 Yak 1 PQ 10191 39 east of Mga 10 12 January 1943 10 55 Il 2 PQ 10251 39 15 km 9 3 mi west southwest of Shlisselburg 17 14 January 1943 12 20 I 16 PQ 00292 40 10 km 6 2 mi southwest of Mga 11 12 January 1943 11 02 Il 2 PQ 0024 39 18 14 January 1943 12 22 I 16 PQ 00292 40 10 km 6 2 mi southwest of Mga 12 12 January 1943 12 45 Yak 1 PQ 00253 39 15 km 9 3 mi west southwest of Shlisselburg 19 27 January 1943 11 27 LaGG 3 PQ 00263 41 10 km 6 2 mi southwest of Shlisselburg 13 12 January 1943 12 48 Yak 1 PQ 00432 39 10 km 6 2 mi southwest of Mga 20 27 January 1943 14 10 MiG 3 PQ 10153 41 southeast of Shlisselburg 14 14 January 1943 07 57 Yak 1 PQ 10232 39 vicinity of Mga 21 27 January 1943 14 20 LaGG 3 PQ 10162 41 southeast of Shlisselburg 15 14 January 1943 07 59 Yak 1 PQ 10174 39 vicinity of Mga 1 Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 42 Eastern Front 4 February April 1943 22 9 February 1943 09 34 P 40 PQ 36 Ost 10181 43 east of Mga 26 20 March 1943 09 10 Il 2 PQ 36 Ost 00414 44 10 km 6 2 mi east of Pushkin 23 16 March 1943 09 07 LaGG 3 PQ 35 Ost 18223 44 25 km 16 mi east southeast of Staraya Russa 27 23 March 1943 08 05 Yak 1 PQ 36 Ost 00334 44 Pushkin 24 16 March 1943 14 10 LaGG 3 PQ 35 Ost 18219 44 20 km 12 mi east southeast of Staraya Russa 28 Note 4 8 April 1943 14 26 LaGG 3 10 km 6 2 mi east of Pushkin 25 19 March 1943 17 14 Note 5 I 16 PQ 36 Ost 00414 44 10 km 6 2 mi east of Pushkin 29 8 April 1943 14 27 LaGG 3 PQ 36 Ost 00413 45 10 km 6 2 mi east of Pushkin 5 Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 42 Eastern Front May July 1943 30 4 May 1943 06 00 La 5 PQ 36 Ost 20474 46 40 km 25 mi south southeast of Volkhov 34 30 May 1943 20 20 P 40 PQ 36 Ost 10162 47 southeast of Shlisselburg 31 26 May 1943 19 25 La 5 PQ 26 Ost 81141 47 Gulf of Finland north of Hungerburg 35 1 June 1943 05 09 LaGG 3 PQ 36 Ost 20153 47 southwest of Volkhov 32 27 May 1943 19 53 LaGG 3 PQ 36 Ost 20153 47 southwest of Volkhov 36 7 July 1943 16 27 I 153 PQ 36 Ost 21893 48 33 27 May 1943 19 55 LaGG 3 PQ 36 Ost 20114 47 west of Volkhov 10 Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 42 Eastern Front August 3 September 1943 37 17 August 1943 14 37 Yak 9 Leningrad 49 42 27 August 1943 17 02 Il 2 PQ 36 Ost 00173 49 10 km 6 2 mi north of Selo 38 19 August 1943 10 33 LaGG 3 PQ 36 Ost 10473 49 25 km 16 mi northeast of Lyuban 43 29 August 1943 17 58 La 5 PQ 36 Ost 00411 49 10 km 6 2 mi east of Pushkin 39 19 August 1943 16 27 I 16 PQ 36 Ost 10141 49 south of Shlisselburg 44 31 August 1943 17 48 La 5 PQ 36 Ost 00272 49 15 km 9 3 mi northeast of Pushkin 40 21 August 1943 11 42 Il 2 PQ 36 Ost 00264 49 10 km 6 2 mi southwest of Shlisselburg 45 2 September 1943 16 32 La 5 PQ 26 Ost 90164 50 10 km 6 2 mi southwest of Lomonosov 41 21 August 1943 18 17 Il 2 PQ 36 Ost 10114 49 vicinity of Shlisselburg 46 3 September 1943 16 57 Pe 2 PQ 36 Ost 00444 50 10 km 6 2 mi southeast of Slutsk 2 Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 42 Eastern Front December 1943 April 1944 47 15 December 1943 09 45 La 5 PQ 35 Ost 06341 51 58 7 February 1944 10 25 La 5 PQ 35 Ost 05134 52 48 16 December 1943 09 42 La 5 PQ 25 Ost 96494 51 north of Gorodok 59 24 February 1944 15 12 Yak 9 PQ 26 Ost 80712 52 20 km 12 mi south of Narva 49 16 December 1943 12 02 Il 2 PQ 35 Ost 06521 51 60 25 February 1944 10 23 Yak 9 PQ 26 Ost 70694 52 15 km 9 3 mi southwest of Narva 50 16 December 1943 12 03 Il 2 PQ 35 Ost 06522 51 61 26 February 1944 15 00 Note 6 Il 2 PQ 26 Ost 60674 52 Gulf of Finland southwest of Kunda 51 23 December 1943 11 48 Il 2 PQ 35 Ost 06763 51 62 26 February 1944 15 29 Il 2 PQ 26 Ost 60591 52 southwest of Kunda 52 4 January 1944 09 58 Il 2 PQ 25 Ost 96561 53 20 km 12 mi southwest of Gorodok 63 26 February 1944 15 31 Yak 1 PQ 26 Ost 60592 52 southwest of Kunda 53 8 January 1944 09 33 La 5 PQ 35 Ost 06711 53 64 2 April 1944 11 43 Yak 9 PQ 26 Ost 70452 54 Baltic Sea northwest of Hungerburg 54 8 January 1944 09 35 La 5 PQ 25 Ost 96692 53 20 km 12 mi south of Gorodok 65 2 April 1944 15 33 LaGG 3 PQ 26 Ost 70433 54 Baltic Sea 40 km 25 mi northeast of Kunda 55 8 January 1944 09 40 La 5 PQ 35 Ost 06884 53 66 3 April 1944 17 12 Yak 9 PQ 26 Ost 70273 54 Baltic Sea 65 km 40 mi northeast of Kunda 56 8 January 1944 12 55 Il 2 PQ 35 Ost 06583 53 67 4 April 1944 09 42 La 5 PQ 26 Ost 60481 54 northeast of Kunda 57 12 January 1944 08 45 La 5 PQ 35 Ost 06877 53 7 Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 55 Western Front May August 1944 68 19 May 1944 13 21 B 24 PQ 15 Ost JB 56 south of Wittingen 72 26 July 1944 14 55 P 38 PQ 04 Ost N BA 2 57 Le Merlerault 69 24 May 1944 11 57 B 17 PQ 15 Ost DD 2 56 Prignitz Heath 73 8 August 1944 14 31 P 38 PQ 15 Ost S BT 4 58 Mortain 70 27 May 1944 12 19 B 17 PQ 15 Ost DP 56 Elzach Black Forest 74 9 August 1944 13 32 P 38 PQ 14 Ost N AU 5 58 Falaise 71 8 June 1944 06 27 P 51 PQ 15 West S TU 9 2 56 Dives sur Mer Awards edit Iron Cross 1939 2nd and 1st Class 59 Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 12 April 1943 as Oberleutnant and pilot 60 German Cross in Gold on 17 October 1943 as Oberleutnant in the VI Jagdgeschwader 54 61 Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross on 19 August 1944 as Oberleutnant and Staffelkapitan of the 7 Jagdgeschwader 54 62 Note 7 Notes edit Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1 A2 and B1 B2 referred to as A B flight training A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics navigation long distance flights and dead stick landings The B courses included high altitude flights instrument flights night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations 1 According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 10 43 16 According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 12 22 16 This claim is not listed by Prien Stemmer Rodeike and Bock 45 According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 17 04 16 According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 15 08 42 According to Scherzer as Staffelkapitan in the III Jagdgeschwader 54 63 References editCitations edit Bergstrom Antipov amp Sundin 2003 p 17 Obermaier 1989 p 215 Prien et al 2003 pp 195 197 Prien et al 2005 pp 178 199 Prien et al 2005 p 195 Prien et al 2005 pp 180 199 Prien et al 2005 pp 182 199 Prien et al 2005 p 203 Prien et al 2005 pp 195 203 Prien et al 2005 pp 190 201 Prien et al 2012 p 189 Prien et al 2012 p 264 Prien et al 2012 p 321 a b Prien et al 2012 p 344 Prien et al 2012 p 351 a b c d e Mathews amp Foreman 2015 p 1312 Prien et al 2012 p 165 Prien et al 2022 p 315 a b Prien et al 2019 p 446 Prien et al 2019 p 447 a b Prien et al 2019 p 439 Prien et al 2019 pp 439 451 Weal 2001 p 91 Prien et al 2019 p 459 Prien et al 2019 pp 440 452 Prien et al 2019 pp 441 453 Prien et al 2019 p 441 Weal 2001 p 92 Drewes 2011 p 23 Morgan amp Weal 1998 p 24 Weal 2007 p 75 Spick 1996 p 237 Mathews amp Foreman 2015 pp 1312 1314 Planquadrat a b c d e Prien et al 2005 p 199 a b c Prien et al 2005 p 201 Mathews amp Foreman 2015 pp 1312 1313 Prien et al 2006 p 93 a b c d e f g Prien et al 2006 p 96 a b Prien et al 2006 p 98 a b c Prien et al 2006 p 100 a b c d e Mathews amp Foreman 2015 p 1313 Prien et al 2012 p 169 a b c d e Prien et al 2012 p 172 a b Prien et al 2012 p 173 Prien et al 2012 p 270 a b c d e Prien et al 2012 p 271 Prien et al 2012 p 272 a b c d e f g h Prien et al 2012 p 349 a b Prien et al 2012 p 350 a b c d e Prien et al 2012 p 188 a b c d e f Prien et al 2022 p 380 a b c d e f Prien et al 2022 p 379 a b c d Prien et al 2022 p 382 Mathews amp Foreman 2015 p 1314 a b c d Prien et al 2019 p 451 Prien et al 2019 p 452 a b Prien et al 2019 p 453 Dixon 2023 p 148 Patzwall 2008 p 203 Patzwall amp Scherzer 2001 p 472 Fellgiebel 2000 p 420 Scherzer 2007 p 740 Bibliography edit Bergstrom Christer in Swedish Antipov Vlad Sundin Claes 2003 Graf amp Grislawski A Pair of Aces Hamilton MT Eagle Editions ISBN 978 0 9721060 4 7 Bergstrom Christer in Swedish Bergstrom Black Cross Red Star website Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat Archived from the original on 22 December 2018 Retrieved 21 October 2022 Dixon Jeremy 2023 Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe Knight s Cross Holders 1943 1945 Barnsley Pen and Sword Books ISBN 978 1 39903 073 1 Drewes Martin 2011 Braatz Kurt in German ed Sand und Feuer Jagdflieger im Irak und uber Deutschland Sand and Fire Fighter Pilot over Iraq and Germany in German Moosburg Germany NeunundzwanzigSechs ISBN 978 3 9811615 6 4 Fellgiebel Walther Peer in German 2000 1986 Die Trager des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 1945 Die Inhaber der hochsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile The Bearers of the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 1945 The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches in German Friedberg Germany Podzun Pallas ISBN 978 3 7909 0284 6 Mathews Andrew Johannes Foreman John 2015 Luftwaffe Aces Biographies and Victory Claims Volume 4 S Z Walton on Thames Red Kite ISBN 978 1 906592 21 9 Morgan Hugh Weal John 1998 German Jet Aces of World War 2 Aircraft of the Aces Vol 17 London New York Osprey Publishing ISBN 978 1 85532 634 7 Obermaier Ernst 1989 Die Ritterkreuztrager der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 1945 The Knight s Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 1945 in German Mainz Germany Verlag Dieter Hoffmann ISBN 978 3 87341 065 7 Patzwall Klaus D Scherzer Veit 2001 Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II The German Cross 1941 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2 in German Norderstedt Germany Verlag Klaus D Patzwall ISBN 978 3 931533 45 8 Patzwall Klaus D 2008 Der Ehrenpokal fur besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War in German Norderstedt Germany Verlag Klaus D Patzwall ISBN 978 3 931533 08 3 Prien Jochen Stemmer Gerhard Rodeike Peter Bock Winfried 2003 Die Jagdfliegerverbande der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 6 II Unternehmen BARBAROSSA Einsatz im Osten 22 6 bis 5 12 1941 The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945 Part 6 II Operation BARBAROSSA Action in the East 22 June to 5 December 1941 in German Eutin Germany Struve Druck ISBN 978 3 923457 70 0 Prien Jochen Stemmer Gerhard Rodeike Peter Bock Winfried 2005 Die Jagdfliegerverbande der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 9 I Winterkampf im Osten 6 12 1941 bis 30 4 1942 The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945 Part 9 I Winter War in the East 6 December 1941 to 30 April 1942 in German Eutin Germany Struve Druck ISBN 978 3 923457 76 2 Prien Jochen Stemmer Gerhard Rodeike Peter Bock Winfried 2006 Die Jagdfliegerverbande der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 9 III Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad 1 5 1942 bis 3 2 1943 The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945 Part 9 III From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad 1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943 in German Eutin Germany Struve Druck ISBN 978 3 923457 78 6 Prien Jochen Stemmer Gerhard Rodeike Peter Bock Winfried 2012 Die Jagdfliegerverbande der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 12 III Einsatz im Osten 4 2 bis 31 12 1943 The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945 Part 12 III Action in the East 4 February to 31 December 1943 in German Eutin Germany Buchverlag Rogge ISBN 978 3 942943 07 9 Prien Jochen Balke Ulf Stemmer Gerhard Bock Winfried 2019 Die Jagdfliegerverbande der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 13 V Einsatz im Reichsverteidigung und im Westen 1 1 bis 31 12 1944 The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945 Part 13 V Action in the Defense of the Reich and in the West 1 January to 31 December 1944 in German Eutin Germany Struve Druck ISBN 978 3 942943 21 5 Prien Jochen Stemmer Gerhard Balke Ulf Bock Winfried 2022 Die Jagdfliegerverbande der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 15 II Einsatz im Osten 1 1 bis 31 12 1944 The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945 Part 15 II Action in the East 1 January to 31 December 1944 in German Eutin Germany Buchverlag Rogge ISBN 978 3 942943 28 4 Scherzer Veit 2007 Die Ritterkreuztrager 1939 1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer Luftwaffe Kriegsmarine Waffen SS Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbundeter Streitkrafte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives The Knight s Cross Bearers 1939 1945 The Holders of the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army Air Force Navy Waffen SS Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives in German Jena Germany Scherzers Militaer Verlag ISBN 978 3 938845 17 2 Spick Mike 1996 Luftwaffe Fighter Aces New York Ivy Books ISBN 978 0 8041 1696 1 Weal John 2001 Jagdgeschwader 54 Grunherz Aviation Elite Units Vol 6 Oxford UK Osprey Publishing ISBN 978 1 84176 286 9 Weal John 2007 More Bf 109 Aces of the Russian Front Aircraft of the Aces Vol 76 Oxford UK Osprey Publishing ISBN 978 1 84603 177 9 Portals nbsp Aviation nbsp Biography 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