Alexander II of Epirus
Alexander II (Greek: Άλέξανδρος) was a king of Epirus, and the son of Pyrrhus I and Lanassa, the daughter of the Sicilian tyrant Agathocles.[2]
| Alexander II Άλέξανδρος | |
|---|---|
Alexander II on a cameo of agate | |
| King of Epirus | |
| Reign | 272 - c. 255 BC[1] |
| Predecessor | Pyrrhus I |
| Successor | Pyrrhus II |
| Born | c. 295 BC |
| Died | c. 255 BC (aged c. 40) |
| Spouse | Olympias |
| Issue | Pyrrhus II Ptolemy Phthia |
| House | Aeacidae |
| Father | Pyrrhus I |
| Mother | Lanassa |
| Religion | Ancient Greek religion |
Reign edit
He succeeded his father as king in 272 BC, and continued the war which his father had begun with Antigonus II Gonatas, whom he succeeded in driving from the kingdom of Macedon. He was, however, dispossessed of both Macedon and Epirus by Demetrius II of Macedon, the son of Antigonus II; upon which he took refuge amongst the Acarnanians. By their assistance and that of his own subjects, who entertained a great attachment for him, he recovered Epirus. It appears that he was in alliance with the Aetolians.[3]
Alexander married his paternal half-sister Olympias, by whom he had two sons, Pyrrhus ΙΙ, Ptolemy ΙΙ and a daughter, Phthia.[4] Beloch places the death of King Alexander II around 255 BC, and supports this date with an elaborate chain of reasoning.[5] On the death of Alexander, Olympias assumed the regency on behalf of her sons, and married Phthia to Demetrius.[6][4] There are extant silver and copper coins of this king. The former bear a youthful head covered with the skin of an elephant's head. The reverse represents Pallas holding a spear in one hand and a shield in the other, and before her stands an eagle on a thunderbolt.[7][8][9][2]
References edit
- ^ Sampson, Gareth C. (2020-08-05). Rome & Parthia: Empires at War: Ventidius, Antony and the Second Romano-Parthian War, 40–20 BC. Pen and Sword Military. ISBN 978-1-5267-1015-4.
- ^ a b Mason, Charles Peter (1867). "Alexander II". In Smith, William (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. 1. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. p. 116.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 545.
- ^ a b Smith, William, ed. (1867). "Olympias (2)". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. 3. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. p. 23.
- ^ Cross, Geoffrey Neale (2014). Epirus. Cambridge University Press. p. 124. ISBN 978-1-107-45867-3.
- ^ Universal Pronouncing Dictionary of Biography and Mythology, by Joseph Thomas - 1908 - page 90
- ^ Justin, xvii. 1, xxvi. 2, 3, xxviii. 1
- ^ Polybius, ii. 45, ix. 34
- ^ Plutarch, Pyrrhus 9
Sources edit
- Connop Thirlwall, History of Greece, vol. viii
- Johann Gustav Droysen, Hellenismus
- Benedikt Niese, Geschichte der griechischen und makedonischen Staaten
- Karl Julius Beloch, Griechische Geschichte vol. iii.