The Meccan Revelations (Arabic: كِتَابُ الفُتُوحَاتِ المَكِّيَّة, romanized: Kitâb Al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya)[1] is the major work of the philosopher and Sufi[2]Ibn Arabi, written between 1203 and 1240.
The Andalusi thinker exposes his spiritual journey, his theology, his metaphysics and his mysticism, using sometimes prose, sometimes poetry. The book contains autobiographical elements: encounters, events, and spiritual illuminations.
Ibn Arabi wrote two versions of al-Futūḥāt al-Makkīyah, his magnum opus.[3] He completed the first in the year 629 of the Hijra and worked on the second version between the years 632 and 636 of the Hijra.[3] The second version, called the Konya Manuscript (مخطوط قونية), exists in manuscripts in Ibn Arabi's own hand, with the exception of volume nine.[3] These manuscripts, once part of the waqf of Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi, are known as the “Konya” manuscripts and they are now kept in Istanbul (Evkaf Muzesi 1845-1881).[3]
The khutba in the first (1853) and second (1876) editions printed by the Amiri Press.
It was first published by the Bulaq Press in four volumes in Dhū al-Ḥijja 1269/1853.[3] The Bulaq Press published a second edition in 1293/1876, also in four volumes.[3] The third edition, the standard Cairo edition, printed 1329/1911, also published by the Bulaq Press in four volumes, is based on Ibn Arabi's second version completed in 636 H, thanks to the research of Emir Abdelkader.[3]
Structure
The Revelations is a book of 37 volumes, divided into 560 chapters.[4]
Content
The city of Mecca in 2011, a major place of pilgrimage for Muslims.
The book takes its title from the holy city of Mecca, to which Ibn Arabi travelled on pilgrimage in 1202, and in which he received a number of revelations of divine origin.
In the Illuminations Ibn Arabi develops a theory of the imagination and the imaginary world explained by Henry Corbin.[5] There is also a psychological and religious description of the effects of Allah's Love (in both the subjective and objective sense of expression).
According to Michel Chodkiewicz, this book occupies a particularly important place in Ibn Arabi's work because it represents "the ultimate state of his teaching in its most complete form".[6]
Aside from Ibn Taymiyyah, his many critics have included the historian Ibn Khaldun (d. 1406), Sufi Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi (d. 1624), members of the Wahhabi sect of Saudi Arabia and beyond, and an array of modern Muslim revivalists and modernists. Controversy over his teachings flared again in 1979 when the Egyptian parliament attempted to ban the republication of the print edition of The Meccan Revelations. The attempt failed due to public outcry.[7]
Women, poetry, religious love
Women are prominently featured in the book, particularly in Chapter 178 on love. Ibn Arabi is initiated into religious experience by a spiritual woman called Nizham, a young Iranian woman whose name means "Harmony". He quotes the poems of the writer Rabia of Basra, who according to him is "the most prestigious interpreter" of love.[8] Ibn Arabi also recounts his encounter and service to mystic Fatima bint al-Muthanna [fr], with whom he recites Al Fātiḥah (the first surah of the Quran) and whose degree of spiritual elevation he admires.[9]
Legacy
The Illuminations are a classic of Sufism, theology and Islamic philosophy. They influenced the "Spiritual Writings" of the emirAbd el-Kader, who published the book in 1857, and perhaps Dante.[10] Henry Corbin compared Dante's Béatrice, which leads the poet to paradise in the Divine Comedy and awakens him to love in the Vita Nuova, to Ibn Arabi's Nizhâm, a mystical woman who initiates the Andalusian philosopher to the experience of God's love.[11]
^Introduction to The Meccan Revelations on Ibnarabisociety
^Read Secret Practices of the Sufi Freemasons Online by Baron Rudolf von Sebottendorff | Books.
^ abcdefg"al-Futuhat al-Makiyya Printed Editions". Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi Society. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
^Constant Hamès, Ibn Arabî, Les Illuminations de La Mecque (compte rendu), Archives de sciences sociales des religions, 1990, Vol. 72, N°1, p. 266-267.
^Henry Corbin, L'imagination créatrice dans le soufisme d'Ibn Arabi.
^Michel Chodkiewicz (1997). Avant-propos in Les Illuminations de La Mecque (in French). Paris: Albin Michel. p. 10..
^Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009). Encyclopedia of Islam. Infobase Publishing. p. 327. ISBN978-1-4381-2696-8.
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The Meccan Revelations Arabic ك ت اب الف ت وح ات الم ك ي ة romanized Kitab Al Futuḥat al Makkiyya 1 is the major work of the philosopher and Sufi 2 Ibn Arabi written between 1203 and 1240 Meccan RevelationsOpening pages of the Konya Manuscript of the Meccan Revelations handwritten by Ibn Arabi Original titleالف ت وح ات المك ي ةThe Andalusi thinker exposes his spiritual journey his theology his metaphysics and his mysticism using sometimes prose sometimes poetry The book contains autobiographical elements encounters events and spiritual illuminations Contents 1 History 2 Structure 3 Content 4 Women poetry religious love 5 Legacy 6 See also 7 References 8 BibliographyHistory EditIbn Arabi wrote two versions of al Futuḥat al Makkiyah his magnum opus 3 He completed the first in the year 629 of the Hijra and worked on the second version between the years 632 and 636 of the Hijra 3 The second version called the Konya Manuscript مخطوط قونية exists in manuscripts in Ibn Arabi s own hand with the exception of volume nine 3 These manuscripts once part of the waqf of Sadr al Din al Qunawi are known as the Konya manuscripts and they are now kept in Istanbul Evkaf Muzesi 1845 1881 3 The khutba in the first 1853 and second 1876 editions printed by the Amiri Press It was first published by the Bulaq Press in four volumes in Dhu al Ḥijja 1269 1853 3 The Bulaq Press published a second edition in 1293 1876 also in four volumes 3 The third edition the standard Cairo edition printed 1329 1911 also published by the Bulaq Press in four volumes is based on Ibn Arabi s second version completed in 636 H thanks to the research of Emir Abdelkader 3 Structure EditThe Revelations is a book of 37 volumes divided into 560 chapters 4 Content Edit The city of Mecca in 2011 a major place of pilgrimage for Muslims The book takes its title from the holy city of Mecca to which Ibn Arabi travelled on pilgrimage in 1202 and in which he received a number of revelations of divine origin In the Illuminations Ibn Arabi develops a theory of the imagination and the imaginary world explained by Henry Corbin 5 There is also a psychological and religious description of the effects of Allah s Love in both the subjective and objective sense of expression According to Michel Chodkiewicz this book occupies a particularly important place in Ibn Arabi s work because it represents the ultimate state of his teaching in its most complete form 6 Aside from Ibn Taymiyyah his many critics have included the historian Ibn Khaldun d 1406 Sufi Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi d 1624 members of the Wahhabi sect of Saudi Arabia and beyond and an array of modern Muslim revivalists and modernists Controversy over his teachings flared again in 1979 when the Egyptian parliament attempted to ban the republication of the print edition of The Meccan Revelations The attempt failed due to public outcry 7 Women poetry religious love EditWomen are prominently featured in the book particularly in Chapter 178 on love Ibn Arabi is initiated into religious experience by a spiritual woman called Nizham a young Iranian woman whose name means Harmony He quotes the poems of the writer Rabia of Basra who according to him is the most prestigious interpreter of love 8 Ibn Arabi also recounts his encounter and service to mystic Fatima bint al Muthanna fr with whom he recites Al Fatiḥah the first surah of the Quran and whose degree of spiritual elevation he admires 9 Legacy EditThe Illuminations are a classic of Sufism theology and Islamic philosophy They influenced the Spiritual Writings of the emir Abd el Kader who published the book in 1857 and perhaps Dante 10 Henry Corbin compared Dante s Beatrice which leads the poet to paradise in the Divine Comedy and awakens him to love in the Vita Nuova to Ibn Arabi s Nizham a mystical woman who initiates the Andalusian philosopher to the experience of God s love 11 See also EditHajj Arabic poetry SufismReferences Edit Introduction to The Meccan Revelations on Ibnarabisociety Read Secret Practices of the Sufi Freemasons Online by Baron Rudolf von Sebottendorff Books a b c d e f g al Futuhat al Makiyya Printed Editions Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi Society Retrieved 31 August 2022 Constant Hames Ibn Arabi Les Illuminations de La Mecque compte rendu Archives de sciences sociales des religions 1990 Vol 72 N 1 p 266 267 Henry Corbin L imagination creatrice dans le soufisme d Ibn Arabi Michel Chodkiewicz 1997 Avant propos in Les Illuminations de La Mecque in French Paris Albin Michel p 10 Campo Juan Eduardo 2009 Encyclopedia of Islam Infobase Publishing p 327 ISBN 978 1 4381 2696 8 Treaty of Love p 247 Traite de l amour p 188 190 The hypothesis of Ibn Arabi s influence on Dante comes from Miguel Asin Palacios See After Ibn Arabi Florian Besson Ibn Arabi Les Cles du Moyen Orient 1 April 2013 Bibliography EditPartial editionsAnthology Les Illuminations de La Mecque Paris Editions Albin Michel 2008 1988 Spiritualites vivantes trans Michel Chodkiewicz Anthology Les Revelations de La Mecque Paris Entrelacs 2009 trans Abdallah Penot Two chapters in Par dela le miroir Paris Entrelacs 2012 Hikma trans Abdallah Penot Chapters 61 to 65 De la mort a la resurrection Paris Albouraq 2009 trans Maurice Gloton Chapter 167 L Alchimie du Bonheur parfait Paris Berg International 1981 trans Stephane Ruspoli Chapitre 178 Traite de l amour Paris Albin Michel 1986 Spiritualites vivantes trans Maurice Gloton StudiesClaude Addas Experience et doctrine de l amour chez Ibn Arabi in Mystique musulmane collective work Paris Cariscript 2002 Henry Corbin L imagination creatrice dans le soufisme d Ibn Arabi Paris Flammarion 1958 reprint Flammarion Aubier 1993 George Grigore Le concept d amour chez Ibn Arabi Romano Arabica II Bucharest Center for Arab Studies 2002 p 119 134 Portals Islam Philosophy Poetry Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Al Futuhat al Makkiyya amp oldid 1140696634, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
