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al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah

Abūʾl-Qāsim ʿĪsā ibn al-Ẓāfir (Arabic: أبو القاسم عيسى بن الظافر; 1149–1160), better known by his regnal name al-Fāʾiz bi-Naṣr Allāh (الفائز بنصر الله), was the thirteenth and penultimate Fatimid caliph, reigning in Egypt from 1154 to 1160, and the 23rd imam of the Hafizi Ismaili branch of Shi'a Islam. Al-Fa'iz was raised to the throne at the age of five after the murder of his father by the vizier Abbas ibn Abi al-Futuh, and spent his entire life as a puppet of Abbas' successor, Tala'i ibn Ruzzik. Suffering from epileptic seizures, al-Fa'iz died from one at the age of eleven and was succeeded by his nephew, al-Adid, the last Fatimid caliph.

al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah
الفائز بنصر الله
ImamCaliph of the Fatimid Dynasty
Reign1154 – 1160
Predecessoral-Zafir
Successoral-Adid
Born31 May 1149
Died22 July 1160
(aged 11)
DynastyFatimid
ReligionIsmaili Shia Islam

Life

The future al-Fa'iz was born as Abu'l-Qasim Isa, the son of the twelfth imamcaliph of the Fatimid Caliphate, al-Zafir.[1] Isa was raised to the throne on 16 April 1154 at the age of five, after the murder of his father and two of his uncles by the vizier, Abbas ibn Abi al-Futuh, and his son, Nasr.[2][3] He was given the regnal name al-Fāʾiz bi-Naṣr Allāh, 'Victorious with God's Help'.[1] The sight of his uncle's corpses, and the loud cries of acclamation from the assembled troops of the Fatimid army frightened the young boy, and the epileptic seizures and tremors, from which he suffered for the rest of his life, were commonly attributed to these traumatic experiences.[1] For the same reason, his role in public ceremonies was limited; the annual ceremony celebrating the flooding of the Nile was even held at night during his reign.[4]

The bloody events soon resulted in Abbas' own downfall. The terrified women of the Fatimid family called upon the Armenian-born governor of Asyut, Tala'i ibn Ruzzik, for assistance, reportedly sending their own cut hair in supplication.[3][5] Ibn Ruzzik readily agreed and marched on Cairo. Abbas tried to resist, but faced general opposition: most of the troops were reluctant to support him or defected outright, and the remainder found themselves under attack by the populace with stones. In the end, on 29 May Abbas had to force his way out of the capital with his son and a handful of followers. The party made for Syria, but were intercepted on 6 June by the Crusaders near the Dead Sea. Abbas was killed, and Nasr was sold to the Fatimids; he was mutilated and beaten to death by the palace women.[3][6]

Ibn Ruzzik was named vizier with plenipotentiary powers on 17 June,[7] while the underage al-Fa'iz was placed under the tutelage of his aunts, headed by al-Zafir's sister Sitt al-Qusur ('Lady of the Palaces'), who had played a leading role in securing revenge against Abbas and Nasr for the murder of her brothers.[3][8] Outside the walls of the Great Fatimid Palaces, Ibn Ruzzik was the actual ruler of the state, and al-Fa'iz was virtually his prisoner.[2] A Twelver Shi'ite, he actively sponsored the Alid ashraf in the Hijaz and Iraq, but he made no attempt to depose the Fatimid dynasty, instead ruling on its behalf as a de facto king in the style of the all-powerful and illustrious Armenian viziers Badr al-Jamali and al-Afdal Shahanshah, whom he attempted to emulate.[9]

Ibn Ruzzik's position was not without its challenges: in 1155, and again in 1157, he had to face uprisings against him by provincial governors.[10] Seeking to bolster his legitimacy, Ibn Ruzzik returned to an aggressive policy against the Crusaders in Palestine. He scored some successes with a naval attack on Tyre in 1155 and with raids at Gaza and Hebron in 1157 and 1158, but his efforts to secure Egypt through an alliance with the Zengids of Syria under Nur al-Din Zangi failed.[2][11][12] When Baldwin III of Jerusalem prepared an invasion of Egypt in 1160, he had to be bought off.[11] Ibn Ruzzik's reputation as a holy warrior, a poet, and a patron of culture was counterbalanced by his despotic rule, resorting to confiscations to address the by now chronic shortfalls of revenue, exacerbated by the active pursuit of the war against the Crusaders.[13]

Al-Fa'iz died during an epileptic seizure on 22 July 1160.[2][4] Ibn Ruzzik chose another underage child to succeed him: al-Fa'iz's nine-year-old cousin al-Adid, who was wed to one of the vizier's daughters for good measure.[4][14] He was to be the last Fatimid caliph.[15]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Halm 2014, p. 237.
  2. ^ a b c d Daftary 2007, p. 250.
  3. ^ a b c d Brett 2017, p. 283.
  4. ^ a b c Halm 2014, p. 247.
  5. ^ Halm 2014, p. 238.
  6. ^ Halm 2014, pp. 238–240.
  7. ^ Halm 2014, pp. 241–242.
  8. ^ Cortese & Calderini 2006, p. 114.
  9. ^ Brett 2017, pp. 283–285.
  10. ^ Halm 2014, p. 242.
  11. ^ a b Brett 2017, p. 285.
  12. ^ Halm 2014, pp. 242–243.
  13. ^ Brett 2017, pp. 284–285.
  14. ^ Daftary 2007, pp. 250–251.
  15. ^ Daftary 2007, pp. 251–252.

Sources

  • Brett, Michael (2017). The Fatimid Empire. The Edinburgh History of the Islamic Empires. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-4076-8.
  • Cortese, Delia; Calderini, Simonetta (2006). Women and the Fatimids in the World of Islam. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-1733-7.
  • Daftary, Farhad (2007). The Ismāʿı̄lı̄s: Their History and Doctrines (Second ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-61636-2.
  • Halm, Heinz (2014). Kalifen und Assassinen: Ägypten und der vordere Orient zur Zeit der ersten Kreuzzüge, 1074–1171 [Caliphs and Assassins: Egypt and the Near East at the Time of the First Crusades, 1074–1171] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck. ISBN 978-3-406-66163-1.
Preceded by Fatimid Caliph
16 April 1154 – 22 July 1160
Succeeded by
23rd Imam of Hafizi Isma'ilism
16 April 1154 – 22 July 1160

nasr, allah, abūʾl, qāsim, ʿĪsā, Ẓāfir, arabic, أبو, القاسم, عيسى, بن, الظافر, 1149, 1160, better, known, regnal, name, fāʾiz, naṣr, allāh, الفائز, بنصر, الله, thirteenth, penultimate, fatimid, caliph, reigning, egypt, from, 1154, 1160, 23rd, imam, hafizi, ism. Abuʾl Qasim ʿisa ibn al Ẓafir Arabic أبو القاسم عيسى بن الظافر 1149 1160 better known by his regnal name al Faʾiz bi Naṣr Allah الفائز بنصر الله was the thirteenth and penultimate Fatimid caliph reigning in Egypt from 1154 to 1160 and the 23rd imam of the Hafizi Ismaili branch of Shi a Islam Al Fa iz was raised to the throne at the age of five after the murder of his father by the vizier Abbas ibn Abi al Futuh and spent his entire life as a puppet of Abbas successor Tala i ibn Ruzzik Suffering from epileptic seizures al Fa iz died from one at the age of eleven and was succeeded by his nephew al Adid the last Fatimid caliph al Fa iz bi Nasr Allah الفائز بنصر اللهImam Caliph of the Fatimid DynastyReign1154 1160Predecessoral ZafirSuccessoral AdidBorn31 May 1149Died22 July 1160 aged 11 DynastyFatimidReligionIsmaili Shia Islam Contents 1 Life 2 See also 3 References 4 SourcesLife EditThe future al Fa iz was born as Abu l Qasim Isa the son of the twelfth imam caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate al Zafir 1 Isa was raised to the throne on 16 April 1154 at the age of five after the murder of his father and two of his uncles by the vizier Abbas ibn Abi al Futuh and his son Nasr 2 3 He was given the regnal name al Faʾiz bi Naṣr Allah Victorious with God s Help 1 The sight of his uncle s corpses and the loud cries of acclamation from the assembled troops of the Fatimid army frightened the young boy and the epileptic seizures and tremors from which he suffered for the rest of his life were commonly attributed to these traumatic experiences 1 For the same reason his role in public ceremonies was limited the annual ceremony celebrating the flooding of the Nile was even held at night during his reign 4 The bloody events soon resulted in Abbas own downfall The terrified women of the Fatimid family called upon the Armenian born governor of Asyut Tala i ibn Ruzzik for assistance reportedly sending their own cut hair in supplication 3 5 Ibn Ruzzik readily agreed and marched on Cairo Abbas tried to resist but faced general opposition most of the troops were reluctant to support him or defected outright and the remainder found themselves under attack by the populace with stones In the end on 29 May Abbas had to force his way out of the capital with his son and a handful of followers The party made for Syria but were intercepted on 6 June by the Crusaders near the Dead Sea Abbas was killed and Nasr was sold to the Fatimids he was mutilated and beaten to death by the palace women 3 6 Ibn Ruzzik was named vizier with plenipotentiary powers on 17 June 7 while the underage al Fa iz was placed under the tutelage of his aunts headed by al Zafir s sister Sitt al Qusur Lady of the Palaces who had played a leading role in securing revenge against Abbas and Nasr for the murder of her brothers 3 8 Outside the walls of the Great Fatimid Palaces Ibn Ruzzik was the actual ruler of the state and al Fa iz was virtually his prisoner 2 A Twelver Shi ite he actively sponsored the Alid ashraf in the Hijaz and Iraq but he made no attempt to depose the Fatimid dynasty instead ruling on its behalf as a de facto king in the style of the all powerful and illustrious Armenian viziers Badr al Jamali and al Afdal Shahanshah whom he attempted to emulate 9 Ibn Ruzzik s position was not without its challenges in 1155 and again in 1157 he had to face uprisings against him by provincial governors 10 Seeking to bolster his legitimacy Ibn Ruzzik returned to an aggressive policy against the Crusaders in Palestine He scored some successes with a naval attack on Tyre in 1155 and with raids at Gaza and Hebron in 1157 and 1158 but his efforts to secure Egypt through an alliance with the Zengids of Syria under Nur al Din Zangi failed 2 11 12 When Baldwin III of Jerusalem prepared an invasion of Egypt in 1160 he had to be bought off 11 Ibn Ruzzik s reputation as a holy warrior a poet and a patron of culture was counterbalanced by his despotic rule resorting to confiscations to address the by now chronic shortfalls of revenue exacerbated by the active pursuit of the war against the Crusaders 13 Al Fa iz died during an epileptic seizure on 22 July 1160 2 4 Ibn Ruzzik chose another underage child to succeed him al Fa iz s nine year old cousin al Adid who was wed to one of the vizier s daughters for good measure 4 14 He was to be the last Fatimid caliph 15 See also EditList of rulers of EgyptReferences Edit a b c Halm 2014 p 237 a b c d Daftary 2007 p 250 a b c d Brett 2017 p 283 a b c Halm 2014 p 247 Halm 2014 p 238 Halm 2014 pp 238 240 Halm 2014 pp 241 242 Cortese amp Calderini 2006 p 114 Brett 2017 pp 283 285 Halm 2014 p 242 a b Brett 2017 p 285 Halm 2014 pp 242 243 Brett 2017 pp 284 285 Daftary 2007 pp 250 251 Daftary 2007 pp 251 252 Sources Edit Biography portal Fatimid Caliphate portal Egypt portalBrett Michael 2017 The Fatimid Empire The Edinburgh History of the Islamic Empires Edinburgh Edinburgh University Press ISBN 978 0 7486 4076 8 Cortese Delia Calderini Simonetta 2006 Women and the Fatimids in the World of Islam Edinburgh Edinburgh University Press ISBN 0 7486 1733 7 Daftary Farhad 2007 The Ismaʿi li s Their History and Doctrines Second ed Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 61636 2 Halm Heinz 2014 Kalifen und Assassinen Agypten und der vordere Orient zur Zeit der ersten Kreuzzuge 1074 1171 Caliphs and Assassins Egypt and the Near East at the Time of the First Crusades 1074 1171 in German Munich C H Beck ISBN 978 3 406 66163 1 Preceded byal Zafir bi Amr Allah Fatimid Caliph16 April 1154 22 July 1160 Succeeded byal Adid li Din Allah23rd Imam of Hafizi Isma ilism16 April 1154 22 July 1160 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Al Fa 27iz bi Nasr Allah amp oldid 1142205075, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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