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Africa Women's Sevens

The Africa Women's Sevens is the continental championship for women's international rugby sevens in Africa. The tournament sanctioned and sponsored by Rugby Africa (previously CAR) which is the rugby union governing body for the continent.

Africa Women's Sevens
SportRugby sevens
Instituted2004; 20 years ago (2004)
Governing bodyAfrica (Rugby Africa)
Holders South Africa (2023)
Most titles South Africa (9 titles)

Tournament History edit

Background edit

Rugby sevens — also known as 7-a-side, or 7s — is a short form of the sport of rugby union that was first played in 1883. The first (men's) internationals took place in 1973. As women's rugby union developed in the 1960s and 1970s the format became very popular as it allowed games, and entire leagues, to be developed in countries even when player numbers were small, and it remains the main form the women's game is played in most parts of the world.

However, although the first women's international rugby union 15-a-side test match took place in 1982, it was not until 1997 before the first women's international 7s tournaments were played, when the 1997 Hong Kong Sevens included a women's tournament for the first time. Over the next decade the number of tournaments grew, with almost every region developing regular championship competitions. This reached its zenith with 2009's inaugural women's tournament for the Rugby World Cup Sevens, shortly followed by the announcement that women's rugby sevens will be included in the Olympics from 2016.

Beginnings edit

The 2004 CAR South Tournament took place in October. Rwanda and Burundi sent their national teams to play against clubs from Uganda (Thunderbirds A, B and C) and Kenya (Mwamba). The Thunderbirds from Uganda won the tournament.

The first official regional 7s championship for international women's teams from Africa was held in Tunisia in 2004, although this only included teams from Northern Africa. The first World Cup Sevens qualifier for women's teams from Africa was held in Uganda in 2008. Since then, African championships have periodically served as pre-qualifying competitions for the Rugby 7s World Cup, or other sevens tournaments such as at the Summer Olympics.

The 2005 CAR South Tournament was planned for Kampala, 5 to 6 November. The International Rugby Board (IRB) through the Confederation of African Rugby (CAR) offered 10,000 US dollars towards the first African women's rugby tournament to be held in Uganda. However CAR did not release the money as promised so it was called off. CAR released the money in 2006 for the first CAR 7s tournament where Uganda, Uganda Select, Kenya, South Africa, Rwanda, Burundi, Zambia and Zimbabwe participated. The 2006 CAR South Tournament was played in Uganda. The 2005 and 2006 CAR North Tournaments were played in Tunisia. Montpellier are known to have played in both.

There was an African Tournament that was supposed to have taken place in East London, South Africa on August 7 to 9, 2008 but was cancelled three weeks before the event. Likely teams were South Africa, England, Canada, France, Australia, USA, New Zealand, Samoa, Wales, Uganda, Rwanda, Kenya, Morocco, Zimbabwe, Tunisia and Zambia.

The 2009 CAR Women's Sevens was expected to take place on 25 and 26 September in Kampala, Uganda, but was cancelled due to a lack of sponsorship.

Honours edit

Winners of continent-wide African Championship tournaments for national women's sevens teams:*

Year Location Winner Score Runner-up Refs
CAR Era
2006   Kampala South Africa   15–7   Uganda
2007   Kampala South Africa   20–7   Uganda
2008   Kampala South Africa   24–0   Uganda
2012   Rabat Tunisia   14–10   Kenya
2013   Tunis South Africa   29–5   Tunisia
2014   Machakos South Africa   14–10   Kenya
Rugby Africa Era
2015   Kempton Park South Africa   31–5   Kenya
2016   Harare South Africa   22–17   Kenya
2017   Monastir South Africa   17–12   Kenya
2018   Gaborone Kenya   29–7   Uganda
2019   Monastir South Africa   15–14   Kenya
2020 Canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa
2021
2022   Jemmal South Africa   15–14   Madagascar
2023   Monastir South Africa   12–7   Kenya

* Note: Does not include regional competitions for Northern or Southern Africa, or tournaments including developmental sides or non-national teams.

The following are details of all regional women's international championships played in Africa, listed chronologically with the earliest first, with all result details, where known (included are the CAR Women's Sevens and other official regional championships, e.g. CAR North and South tournaments).

2004 CAR North Tournament edit

The competition was played in Tunisia.

Group stage edit

Group A

Team Won Drawn Lost For Against
  Tunisia 2 0 0 56 17
  Béziers 1 0 1 44 27
  Malta 0 0 2 10 66
  • Tunisia 22-12 Béziers
  • Béziers 32-5 Malta
  • Tunisia 34-5 Malta

Group B

Team Won Drawn Lost For Against
  Montpellier 2 0 0 27 5
  Tunisia Universities 1 0 1 10 20
  Portugal 0 0 2 10 22
  • Montpellier 12-5 Portugal
  • Tunisia Universities 0-15 Montpellier
  • Tunisia Universities 10-5 Portugal

Classification stage edit

Semi-finals

 
Semi-finalsCup Final
 
      
 
 
 
 
  Tunisia 24
 
 
 
  Tunisia Universities 0
 
  Tunisia 17
 
 
 
  Montpellier 5
 
  Montpellier 7
 
 
  Béziers 5
 
3rd Place
 
 
 
 
 
  Tunisia UniversitiesWon
 
 
  Béziers 0

5th/6th Place

 
5th Place
 
  
 
 
 
 
  Portugal 29
 
 
  Malta 0
 

2007 CAR North Tournament edit

Date/Venue: Tunis, Tunisia, 9–10 March 2007.[1]

Table

Rank Teams P W D L PF PA PD
    Tunisia 4 3 1 0 63 10 +53
    Uganda 4 3 1 0 49 15 +34
    Arabian Gulf 4 1 1 2 15 27 –12
4   Tunisian Universities 4 1 1 2 10 27 –17
5   Ivory Coast 4 0 0 4 0 58 –58

Matches

  • Tunisia 5–0 Arabian Gulf
  • Uganda 22–0 Ivory Coast
  • Tunisian Universities 5–5 Arabian Gulf
  • Tunisia 36–0 Ivory Coast
  • Uganda 5–0 Tunisian Universities
  • Tunisia 17–5 Tunisian Universities
  • Uganda 17–10 Arabian Gulf
  • Arabian Gulf beat Ivory Coast
  • Tunisian Universities beat Ivory Coast
  • Uganda 5–5 Tunisia

2009 CAR North West edit

Venue/Date: 6–7 June 2009, Accra, Ghana. Ivory Coast were invited but did not attend.

Pool stages edit

Pool A Ghana, Burkina Faso, Tunisia

  • Tunisia 34-0 Ghana
  • Tunisia bt Burkina Faso
  • Ghana bt Burkina Faso

Pool B Nigeria, Egypt, Togo, Morocco

  • Nigeria 5-5 Morocco
  • Nigeria 43-5 Togo
  • Nigeria 66-0 Egypt

Classification stages edit

  • 5th Burkina Faso, 6th Togo, 7th Egypt

Semi-finals

  • Nigeria 17-0 Ghana
  • Tunisia 47-0 Morocco

3rd Place

  • Ghana 5-0 Morocco

Final

  • Tunisia 43-5 Nigeria

2010 CAR North West edit

The tournament was held on 28 and 29 May in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.[2] Mali withdrew and were replaced by hosts, Burkina Faso.

POOL A

Nation Won Drawn Lost For Against
  Senegal 2 1 0 ? ?
  Morocco 2 0 1 64 10
  Ghana 1 1 1 ? ?
  Togo 0 0 3 ? ?
  • Morocco 29-0 Togo
  • Morocco 28-0 Ghana
  • Senegal 10-7 Morocco
  • Senegal 5-5 Ghana
  • Senegal beat Togo
  • Ghana beat Togo

Semi-finals

  • Senegal 7-0 Burkina Faso
  • Tunisia 43-0 Morocco

Consolation semifinals

  • Ivory Coast beat Togo
  • Ghana beat Burkina Faso B

7th place final

  • Togo beat Burkina Faso B

POOL B

Nation Won Drawn Lost For Against
  Tunisia 3 0 0 118 0
  Burkina Faso A 2 0 1 ? ?
  Ivory Coast 1 0 2 ? ?
  Burkina Faso B 0 0 3 ? ?
  • Burkina Faso A 0-41 Tunisia
  • Ivory Coast A 0-40 Tunisia
  • Burkina Faso beat Ivory Coast
  • Burkina Faso B 0-37 Tunisia
  • Burkina Faso A beat Burkina Faso B
  • Burkina Faso B lost to Ivory Coast

5th place final

  • Ivory Coast beat Ghana

3rd place final

  • Morocco 12-0 Burkina Faso[3]

Final

  • Tunisia 50-0 Senegal

2011 CAR tournaments edit

CAR North edit

The tournament took place on 23 and 24 April n Thies, Senegal.[4] Tournament semi-finalists will qualify for the 2012 CAR Women's Sevens, which will act as a qualifier for the 2013 World Cup. Nigeria withdrew at the last minute, Niger arrived with a team composed mainly by U18 girls and were excluded.

POOL A

Nation Won Drawn Lost For Against
  Tunisia 2 2 0 66 0
  Burkina Faso 1 0 1 20 31
  Egypt 2 0 2 5 60
  • Tunisia 40-0 Egypt
  • Burkina Faso 20-5 Egypt
  • Tunisia 26-0 Burkina Faso

POOL B

Nation Won Drawn Lost For Against
  Senegal 2 0 0 22 12
  Morocco 1 0 1 17 10
  Cameroon 0 0 2 7 24
  • Senegal 12-7 Cameroon
  • Morocco 12-0 Cameroon
  • Senegal 10-5 Morocco

5th place edit

 
5th Place
 
  
 
 
 
 
  Cameroon 27
 
 
  Egypt 0
 

Semi-finals edit

 
Semi-finalsCup Final
 
      
 
 
 
 
  Senegal 24
 
 
 
  Burkina Faso 0
 
  Tunisia 5
 
 
 
  Senegal 0
 
  Tunisia 24
 
 
  Morocco 0
 
3rd Place
 
 
 
 
 
  Morocco 19
 
 
  Burkina Faso 5

Source: [5]

CAR South edit

The tournament occurred on 29 and 30 October 2011 in Botswana.[6] Tournament semi-finalists will qualify for the 2012 CAR Women's Sevens, which will act as a qualifier for the 2013 World Cup.

Teams

  • Participants:

POOL A

Nation Won Drawn Lost For Against
  South Africa 3 0 0 132 5
  Zimbabwe 2 0 1 64 49
  Zambia 1 0 2 32 53
  Rwanda 0 0 3 0 111
  • South Africa 34-0 Zambia
  • Rwanda 0-40 Zimbabwe
  • South Africa 37-5 Zimbabwe
  • Rwanda 0-20 Zambia
  • Zambia 12-19 Zimbabwe
  • Rwanda 0-51 South Africa

Plate semi-finals edit

 
Semi-finalsPlate Final
 
      
 
 
 
 
  Botswana 5
 
 
 
  Zambia 19
 
  Zambia 15
 
 
 
  Madagascar 14
 
  Madagascar 36
 
 
  Rwanda 0
 
7th Place
 
 
 
 
 
  Botswana 24
 
 
  Rwanda 0

POOL B

Nation Won Drawn Lost For Against
  Uganda 3 0 0 51 12
  Kenya 2 0 1 65 27
  Madagascar 1 0 2 24 46
  Botswana 0 0 3 7 62
  • Kenya 5-17 Uganda
  • Botswana 0-14 Madagascar
  • Kenya 29-10 Madagascar
  • Botswana 7-17 Uganda
  • Madagascar 0-17 Uganda
  • Botswana 0-31 Kenya

Cup Semi-finals edit

 
Semi-finalsCup Final
 
      
 
 
 
 
  Kenya 5
 
 
 
  South Africa 14
 
  South Africa 42
 
 
 
  Uganda 5
 
  Uganda 7
 
 
  Zimbabwe 0
 
3rd Place
 
 
 
 
 
  Kenya 17
 
 
  Zimbabwe 0

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Source Uganda Correspondent
  2. ^ ... e-le-maroc , ... _a154.html[permanent dead link], ... agadougou/[permanent dead link]
  3. ^ Or 14-0 in some sources
  4. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-04-16. Retrieved 2011-04-15.
  5. ^ . Archived from the original on 2012-03-14. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
  6. ^ . Archived from the original on 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2011-04-14.

africa, women, sevens, continental, championship, women, international, rugby, sevens, africa, tournament, sanctioned, sponsored, rugby, africa, previously, which, rugby, union, governing, body, continent, sportrugby, sevensinstituted2004, years, 2004, governi. The Africa Women s Sevens is the continental championship for women s international rugby sevens in Africa The tournament sanctioned and sponsored by Rugby Africa previously CAR which is the rugby union governing body for the continent Africa Women s SevensSportRugby sevensInstituted2004 20 years ago 2004 Governing bodyAfrica Rugby Africa Holders South Africa 2023 Most titles South Africa 9 titles Tournament History editBackground edit Rugby sevens also known as 7 a side or 7s is a short form of the sport of rugby union that was first played in 1883 The first men s internationals took place in 1973 As women s rugby union developed in the 1960s and 1970s the format became very popular as it allowed games and entire leagues to be developed in countries even when player numbers were small and it remains the main form the women s game is played in most parts of the world However although the first women s international rugby union 15 a side test match took place in 1982 it was not until 1997 before the first women s international 7s tournaments were played when the 1997 Hong Kong Sevens included a women s tournament for the first time Over the next decade the number of tournaments grew with almost every region developing regular championship competitions This reached its zenith with 2009 s inaugural women s tournament for the Rugby World Cup Sevens shortly followed by the announcement that women s rugby sevens will be included in the Olympics from 2016 Beginnings edit The 2004 CAR South Tournament took place in October Rwanda and Burundi sent their national teams to play against clubs from Uganda Thunderbirds A B and C and Kenya Mwamba The Thunderbirds from Uganda won the tournament The first official regional 7s championship for international women s teams from Africa was held in Tunisia in 2004 although this only included teams from Northern Africa The first World Cup Sevens qualifier for women s teams from Africa was held in Uganda in 2008 Since then African championships have periodically served as pre qualifying competitions for the Rugby 7s World Cup or other sevens tournaments such as at the Summer Olympics The 2005 CAR South Tournament was planned for Kampala 5 to 6 November The International Rugby Board IRB through the Confederation of African Rugby CAR offered 10 000 US dollars towards the first African women s rugby tournament to be held in Uganda However CAR did not release the money as promised so it was called off CAR released the money in 2006 for the first CAR 7s tournament where Uganda Uganda Select Kenya South Africa Rwanda Burundi Zambia and Zimbabwe participated The 2006 CAR South Tournament was played in Uganda The 2005 and 2006 CAR North Tournaments were played in Tunisia Montpellier are known to have played in both There was an African Tournament that was supposed to have taken place in East London South Africa on August 7 to 9 2008 but was cancelled three weeks before the event Likely teams were South Africa England Canada France Australia USA New Zealand Samoa Wales Uganda Rwanda Kenya Morocco Zimbabwe Tunisia and Zambia The 2009 CAR Women s Sevens was expected to take place on 25 and 26 September in Kampala Uganda but was cancelled due to a lack of sponsorship Contents 1 Tournament History 1 1 Background 1 2 Beginnings 2 Honours 3 2004 CAR North Tournament 3 1 Group stage 3 2 Classification stage 4 2007 CAR North Tournament 5 2009 CAR North West 5 1 Pool stages 5 2 Classification stages 6 2010 CAR North West 7 2011 CAR tournaments 7 1 CAR North 7 1 1 5th place 7 1 2 Semi finals 7 2 CAR South 7 2 1 Plate semi finals 7 2 2 Cup Semi finals 8 See also 9 NotesHonours editWinners of continent wide African Championship tournaments for national women s sevens teams Year Location Winner Score Runner up RefsCAR Era2006 nbsp Kampala South Africa nbsp 15 7 nbsp Uganda2007 nbsp Kampala South Africa nbsp 20 7 nbsp Uganda2008 nbsp Kampala South Africa nbsp 24 0 nbsp Uganda2012 nbsp Rabat Tunisia nbsp 14 10 nbsp Kenya2013 nbsp Tunis South Africa nbsp 29 5 nbsp Tunisia2014 nbsp Machakos South Africa nbsp 14 10 nbsp KenyaRugby Africa Era2015 nbsp Kempton Park South Africa nbsp 31 5 nbsp Kenya2016 nbsp Harare South Africa nbsp 22 17 nbsp Kenya2017 nbsp Monastir South Africa nbsp 17 12 nbsp Kenya2018 nbsp Gaborone Kenya nbsp 29 7 nbsp Uganda2019 nbsp Monastir South Africa nbsp 15 14 nbsp Kenya2020 Canceled due to the COVID 19 pandemic in Africa20212022 nbsp Jemmal South Africa nbsp 15 14 nbsp Madagascar2023 nbsp Monastir South Africa nbsp 12 7 nbsp Kenya Note Does not include regional competitions for Northern or Southern Africa or tournaments including developmental sides or non national teams The following are details of all regional women s international championships played in Africa listed chronologically with the earliest first with all result details where known included are the CAR Women s Sevens and other official regional championships e g CAR North and South tournaments 2004 CAR North Tournament editThe competition was played in Tunisia Group stage edit Group A Team Won Drawn Lost For Against nbsp Tunisia 2 0 0 56 17 nbsp Beziers 1 0 1 44 27 nbsp Malta 0 0 2 10 66Tunisia 22 12 Beziers Beziers 32 5 Malta Tunisia 34 5 Malta Group B Team Won Drawn Lost For Against nbsp Montpellier 2 0 0 27 5 nbsp Tunisia Universities 1 0 1 10 20 nbsp Portugal 0 0 2 10 22Montpellier 12 5 Portugal Tunisia Universities 0 15 Montpellier Tunisia Universities 10 5 Portugal Classification stage edit Semi finals Semi finalsCup Final nbsp Tunisia24 nbsp Tunisia Universities0 nbsp Tunisia17 nbsp Montpellier5 nbsp Montpellier7 nbsp Beziers5 3rd Place nbsp Tunisia UniversitiesWon nbsp Beziers05th 6th Place 5th Place nbsp Portugal29 nbsp Malta0 2007 CAR North Tournament editDate Venue Tunis Tunisia 9 10 March 2007 1 Table Rank Teams P W D L PF PA PD nbsp nbsp Tunisia 4 3 1 0 63 10 53 nbsp nbsp Uganda 4 3 1 0 49 15 34 nbsp nbsp Arabian Gulf 4 1 1 2 15 27 124 nbsp Tunisian Universities 4 1 1 2 10 27 175 nbsp Ivory Coast 4 0 0 4 0 58 58Matches Tunisia 5 0 Arabian Gulf Uganda 22 0 Ivory Coast Tunisian Universities 5 5 Arabian Gulf Tunisia 36 0 Ivory Coast Uganda 5 0 Tunisian Universities Tunisia 17 5 Tunisian Universities Uganda 17 10 Arabian Gulf Arabian Gulf beat Ivory Coast Tunisian Universities beat Ivory Coast Uganda 5 5 Tunisia2009 CAR North West editVenue Date 6 7 June 2009 Accra Ghana Ivory Coast were invited but did not attend Pool stages edit Pool A Ghana Burkina Faso Tunisia Tunisia 34 0 Ghana Tunisia bt Burkina Faso Ghana bt Burkina FasoPool B Nigeria Egypt Togo Morocco Nigeria 5 5 Morocco Nigeria 43 5 Togo Nigeria 66 0 EgyptClassification stages edit 5th Burkina Faso 6th Togo 7th EgyptSemi finals Nigeria 17 0 Ghana Tunisia 47 0 Morocco3rd Place Ghana 5 0 MoroccoFinal Tunisia 43 5 Nigeria2010 CAR North West editThe tournament was held on 28 and 29 May in Ouagadougou Burkina Faso 2 Mali withdrew and were replaced by hosts Burkina Faso POOL A Nation Won Drawn Lost For Against nbsp Senegal 2 1 0 nbsp Morocco 2 0 1 64 10 nbsp Ghana 1 1 1 nbsp Togo 0 0 3 Morocco 29 0 Togo Morocco 28 0 Ghana Senegal 10 7 Morocco Senegal 5 5 Ghana Senegal beat Togo Ghana beat TogoSemi finals Senegal 7 0 Burkina Faso Tunisia 43 0 MoroccoConsolation semifinals Ivory Coast beat Togo Ghana beat Burkina Faso B7th place final Togo beat Burkina Faso B POOL B Nation Won Drawn Lost For Against nbsp Tunisia 3 0 0 118 0 nbsp Burkina Faso A 2 0 1 nbsp Ivory Coast 1 0 2 nbsp Burkina Faso B 0 0 3 Burkina Faso A 0 41 Tunisia Ivory Coast A 0 40 Tunisia Burkina Faso beat Ivory Coast Burkina Faso B 0 37 Tunisia Burkina Faso A beat Burkina Faso B Burkina Faso B lost to Ivory Coast5th place final Ivory Coast beat Ghana3rd place final Morocco 12 0 Burkina Faso 3 Final Tunisia 50 0 Senegal2011 CAR tournaments editCAR North edit The tournament took place on 23 and 24 April n Thies Senegal 4 Tournament semi finalists will qualify for the 2012 CAR Women s Sevens which will act as a qualifier for the 2013 World Cup Nigeria withdrew at the last minute Niger arrived with a team composed mainly by U18 girls and were excluded POOL A Nation Won Drawn Lost For Against nbsp Tunisia 2 2 0 66 0 nbsp Burkina Faso 1 0 1 20 31 nbsp Egypt 2 0 2 5 60Tunisia 40 0 Egypt Burkina Faso 20 5 Egypt Tunisia 26 0 Burkina Faso POOL B Nation Won Drawn Lost For Against nbsp Senegal 2 0 0 22 12 nbsp Morocco 1 0 1 17 10 nbsp Cameroon 0 0 2 7 24Senegal 12 7 Cameroon Morocco 12 0 Cameroon Senegal 10 5 Morocco 5th place edit 5th Place nbsp Cameroon27 nbsp Egypt0 Semi finals edit Semi finalsCup Final nbsp Senegal24 nbsp Burkina Faso0 nbsp Tunisia5 nbsp Senegal0 nbsp Tunisia24 nbsp Morocco0 3rd Place nbsp Morocco19 nbsp Burkina Faso5Source 5 CAR South edit The tournament occurred on 29 and 30 October 2011 in Botswana 6 Tournament semi finalists will qualify for the 2012 CAR Women s Sevens which will act as a qualifier for the 2013 World Cup Teams Participants nbsp Botswana nbsp South Africa nbsp Kenya nbsp Uganda nbsp Rwanda nbsp Zambia nbsp Zimbabwe nbsp Madagascar POOL A Nation Won Drawn Lost For Against nbsp South Africa 3 0 0 132 5 nbsp Zimbabwe 2 0 1 64 49 nbsp Zambia 1 0 2 32 53 nbsp Rwanda 0 0 3 0 111South Africa 34 0 Zambia Rwanda 0 40 Zimbabwe South Africa 37 5 Zimbabwe Rwanda 0 20 Zambia Zambia 12 19 Zimbabwe Rwanda 0 51 South AfricaPlate semi finals edit Semi finalsPlate Final nbsp Botswana5 nbsp Zambia19 nbsp Zambia15 nbsp Madagascar14 nbsp Madagascar36 nbsp Rwanda0 7th Place nbsp Botswana24 nbsp Rwanda0 POOL B Nation Won Drawn Lost For Against nbsp Uganda 3 0 0 51 12 nbsp Kenya 2 0 1 65 27 nbsp Madagascar 1 0 2 24 46 nbsp Botswana 0 0 3 7 62Kenya 5 17 Uganda Botswana 0 14 Madagascar Kenya 29 10 Madagascar Botswana 7 17 Uganda Madagascar 0 17 Uganda Botswana 0 31 KenyaCup Semi finals edit Semi finalsCup Final nbsp Kenya5 nbsp South Africa14 nbsp South Africa42 nbsp Uganda5 nbsp Uganda7 nbsp Zimbabwe0 3rd Place nbsp Kenya17 nbsp Zimbabwe0See also editAfrica Men s SevensNotes edit Source Uganda Correspondent e le maroc a154 html permanent dead link agadougou permanent dead link Or 14 0 in some sources Tournoi international de rugby feminin a 7 au Senegal 23 24 avril 2011 Archived from the original on 2011 04 16 Retrieved 2011 04 15 In second period of overtime Archived from the original on 2012 03 14 Retrieved 2011 04 25 Rugby a 7 Archived from the original on 2012 03 23 Retrieved 2011 04 14 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Africa Women 27s Sevens amp oldid 1209104441, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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