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Adolf Butenandt

January 01, 1970

Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt (German pronunciation: [ˈaːdɔlf ˈbuːtənant] ⓘ; 24 March 1903 – 18 January 1995) was a German biochemist.[1] He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1939 for his "work on sex hormones." He initially rejected the award in accordance with government policy, but accepted it in 1949 after World War II.[1][2][3][4] He was President of the Max Planck Society from 1960 to 1972. He was also the first, in 1959, to discover the structure of the sex pheromone of silkworms, which he named bombykol.

Adolf Butenandt
Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt in 1921
Born(1903-03-24)24 March 1903
Lehe, Province of Hanover, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire
(now Bremerhaven, Bremen, Germany)
Died18 January 1995(1995-01-18) (aged 91)
Munich, Germany
NationalityGerman
AwardsNobel Prize for Chemistry (1939)
Kriegsverdienstkreuz (1942)
Scientific career
FieldsOrganic and biochemistry
InstitutionsKaiser Wilhelm Institute / Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry
Technical University of Danzig
ThesisUntersuchungen über das Rotenon, den physiologisch wirksamen Bestandteil der Derris elliptica (1928)
Doctoral advisorAdolf Windaus

Education and early life edit

Born in Lehe, near Bremerhaven, he started his studies at the University of Marburg. For his PhD he joined the working group of the Nobel laureate Adolf Windaus at the University of Göttingen and he finished his studies with a PhD in chemistry in 1927. His doctoral research was on the chemistry of the insecticidal toxin found in the roots of Derris elliptica which he isolated and characterized. After his Habilitation he became lecturer in Göttingen 1931.

Professional career edit

He became a professor ordinarius at the Technical University of Danzig 1933–1936.[5] In 1933 Butenandt signed the Vow of allegiance of the Professors of the German Universities and High-Schools to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialistic State. In 1936 he applied for the directorship of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institut (later the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry) in Berlin-Dahlem[6] while also joining the NSDAP on 1 May 1936 (party member No. 3716562). The earlier director of the Kaiser Wilhelm institute was Carl Neuberg, who had been removed for being a Jew. His work on rotenones was considered useful by the Nazi leadership as it could be useful for controlling lice among soldiers in the trenches. As the head of a leading institute, he applied for government funding on concentrated research labeled kriegswichtig (important for the war), some of which focused on military projects like the improvement of oxygen uptake for high-altitude bomber pilots.[7]

 
Estrone

Adolf Windaus and Walter Schöller of Schering gave him the advice to work on hormones extracted from ovaries. This research lead to the discovery of estrone and other primary female sex hormones, which were extracted from several thousand liters of urine.[8][9] While working as professor in Danzig at the Chemisches Institut he was continuing his works over hormones extracting progesterone in 1934 and testosterone a year later, the research results were along with the synthesis of steroids by Leopold Ružička considered significant enough to be awarded later by Nobel Committee in 1939.[5] In 1940 he was involved in research on a hormone treatment to make long submarine voyages more comfortable for submariners in the Kriegsmarine.[7]

Butenand's involvement with the Nazi regime and various themes of research led to criticism after the war, and even after his death the exact nature of his political orientation during the Nazi era has never been fully resolved.[7] When the institute moved to Tübingen in 1945 he became a professor at the University of Tübingen. In 1948 he was considered for the chair for physiological medicine at the University of Basel.[10] He entered in negotiations but eventually was convinced to stay the chemical industry to stay in Germany.[10] In 1956, when the institute relocated to Martinsried, a suburb of Munich, Butenandt became a professor at the University of Munich. He also served as president of the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science following Otto Hahn from 1960 to 1972.

Butenandt is credited with the discovery and naming of the silkworm moth pheromone Bombykol in 1959.

Butenandt died in Munich in 1995, at the age of 91.[11] His wife Erika [de], born in 1906, died in 1995 at 88.[12] They had seven children.[13]

Honours and awards edit

Honorary doctorates edit

Butenandt received 14 honorary doctorates,[27] including Tübingen (1949), Munich (1950), Graz (1957), Leeds (1961), Thessaloniki (1961), Madrid (1963), Vienna (1965), St. Louis (1965), Berlin (1966), Cambridge (1966) and Gdansk (1994).[28][29]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Szöllösi-Janze, Margit (2001). Science in the Third Reich (German Historical Perspectives). Oxford, UK: Berg Publishers. ISBN 1-85973-421-9.
  2. ^ Akhtar, M.; Akhtar, M. E. (1998). "Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt. 24 March 1903-18 January 1995". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 44: 79–92. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1998.0006. PMID 11623990.
  3. ^ Karlson, P. (1995). "Adolf Butenandt (1903–1995)". Nature. 373 (6516): 660. Bibcode:1995Natur.373..660K. doi:10.1038/373660b0. PMID 7854440. S2CID 4349895.
  4. ^ Jaenicke, L. (1995). "Adolf Butenandt: 24. 3. 1903 - 18. 1. 1995". Chemie in unserer Zeit. 29 (3): 163–165. doi:10.1002/ciuz.19950290313.
  5. ^ a b Piosik, R. (2003). "Adolf Butenandt und sein Wirken an der Technischen Hochschule Danzig". Chemkon. 10 (3): 135–138. doi:10.1002/ckon.200390038.
  6. ^ Mertens, L. (2003). "Nur"Zweite Wahl" oder Die Berufung Adolf Butenandts zum Direktor des KWI für Biochemie". Berichte zur Wissenschafts-Geschichte. 26 (3): 213–222. doi:10.1002/bewi.200390058.
  7. ^ a b c Trunk, A. (2006). "Biochemistry in Wartime: The Life and Lessons of Adolf Butenandt, 1936–1946". Minerva. 44 (3): 285–306. doi:10.1007/s11024-006-9002-2. S2CID 143929707.
  8. ^ Butenandt, A. (1929). "Über "Progynon" ein krystallisiertes weibliches Sexualhormon". Die Naturwissenschaften. 17 (45): 879. Bibcode:1929NW.....17..879B. doi:10.1007/BF01506919. S2CID 2856469.
  9. ^ Butenandt, A. (1931). "Über die chemische Untersuchung der Sexualhormone". Zeitschrift für Angewandte Chemie. 44 (46): 905–908. Bibcode:1931AngCh..44..905B. doi:10.1002/ange.19310444602.
  10. ^ a b Simon, Christian (2009). "Aus der Geschichte der Universität Basel". Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde (in German). Schwabe Verlag. pp. 9–10. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  11. ^ "Beileid zum tode von adolf butenandt". Die Bundesregierung informiert (in German). Retrieved 13 December 2023.
  12. ^ "Familie Adolf Butenandt". Archivportal-D (in German). Retrieved 13 December 2023.
  13. ^ "Der ehemalige Präsident der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Adolf Butenandt, wusste viel und sagte nichts: Ein Normalfall im Dritten Reich". Berliner Zeitung (in German). 3 September 2004. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
  14. ^ "MAX PLANCK GESELLSCHAFT". Digital Story – Adolf Butenandt (in German). Retrieved 13 December 2023.
  15. ^ "70 Years Paul Ehrlich und Ludwig Darmstaedter-Prize". Goethe-Universität (in German). 7 March 1986. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
  16. ^ "BR Retro: Bundesverdienstkreuz-Verleihung 1959". ARD Mediathek (in German). 30 January 1959. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
  17. ^ "Adolf Butenandt – Bremerhaven.de". Seestadt Bremerhaven (in German). 15 August 2011. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
  18. ^ "The Max Planck Society and Harnack House". Harnack House of the Max Planck Society. 4 December 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
  19. ^ "Butenandt". ORDEN POUR LE MÉRITE (in German). Retrieved 13 December 2023.
  20. ^ "Reply to a parliamentary question" (PDF) (in German). p. 166. Retrieved 10 December 2012.
  21. ^ "Auszeichnungen und zivile Orden (nach 1945)". Historisches Lexikon Bayerns (in German). Retrieved 13 December 2023.
  22. ^ Chronik University of Munich, p.166
  23. ^ "Adolf Butenandt: Der Jäger der Sexualhormone". BR.de (in German). 25 February 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
  24. ^ "Reply to a parliamentary question" (PDF) (in German). p. 972. Retrieved 10 December 2012.
  25. ^ "Prof. Dr. Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt". Lindau Nobel Mediatheque. 19 June 2015. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
  26. ^ "Wirtschafts-Nobelpreisträger in Lindau". Süddeutsche.de (in German). 5 December 2008. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
  27. ^ University of Marburg
  28. ^ Piosik, Romuald (1998). "Doktor Honoris Causa der Technischen Hochschule Danzig". Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego. ISSN 0208-6182. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
  29. ^ "Prof. Adolf Butenandt". Politechnika Gdańska (in Polish). Retrieved 13 December 2023.

Bibliography edit

  • Angelika Ebbinghaus, Karl-Heinz Roth (2002). "Von der Rockefeller Foundation zur Kaiser-Wilhelm/Max-Planck-Gesellschaft: Adolf Butenandt als Biochemiker und Wissenschaftspolitiker des 20. Jahrhunderts". Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft. 50 (5): 389–418.Schieder, Wolfgang (2004). Adolf Butenandt und die Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft: Wissenschaft, Industrie und Politik im "Dritten Reich". Göttingen: Wallstein-Verlag. p. 450. ISBN 3-89244-752-7.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Adolf Butenandt.
  • Adolf Butenandt on Nobelprize.org  
  • 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
  • MPG Biography 16 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine

January 01, 1970
adolf, butenandt, adolf, friedrich, johann, butenandt, german, pronunciation, ˈaːdɔlf, ˈbuːtənant, march, 1903, january, 1995, german, biochemist, awarded, nobel, prize, chemistry, 1939, work, hormones, initially, rejected, award, accordance, with, government,. Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt German pronunciation ˈaːdɔlf ˈbuːtenant 24 March 1903 18 January 1995 was a German biochemist 1 He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1939 for his work on sex hormones He initially rejected the award in accordance with government policy but accepted it in 1949 after World War II 1 2 3 4 He was President of the Max Planck Society from 1960 to 1972 He was also the first in 1959 to discover the structure of the sex pheromone of silkworms which he named bombykol Adolf ButenandtAdolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt in 1921Born 1903 03 24 24 March 1903Lehe Province of Hanover Kingdom of Prussia German Empire now Bremerhaven Bremen Germany Died18 January 1995 1995 01 18 aged 91 Munich GermanyNationalityGermanAwardsNobel Prize for Chemistry 1939 Kriegsverdienstkreuz 1942 Scientific careerFieldsOrganic and biochemistryInstitutionsKaiser Wilhelm Institute Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry Technical University of DanzigThesisUntersuchungen uber das Rotenon den physiologisch wirksamen Bestandteil der Derris elliptica 1928 Doctoral advisorAdolf Windaus Contents 1 Education and early life 2 Professional career 3 Honours and awards 3 1 Honorary doctorates 4 See also 5 References 6 Bibliography 7 External linksEducation and early life editBorn in Lehe near Bremerhaven he started his studies at the University of Marburg For his PhD he joined the working group of the Nobel laureate Adolf Windaus at the University of Gottingen and he finished his studies with a PhD in chemistry in 1927 His doctoral research was on the chemistry of the insecticidal toxin found in the roots of Derris elliptica which he isolated and characterized After his Habilitation he became lecturer in Gottingen 1931 Professional career editHe became a professor ordinarius at the Technical University of Danzig 1933 1936 5 In 1933 Butenandt signed the Vow of allegiance of the Professors of the German Universities and High Schools to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialistic State In 1936 he applied for the directorship of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institut later the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry in Berlin Dahlem 6 while also joining the NSDAP on 1 May 1936 party member No 3716562 The earlier director of the Kaiser Wilhelm institute was Carl Neuberg who had been removed for being a Jew His work on rotenones was considered useful by the Nazi leadership as it could be useful for controlling lice among soldiers in the trenches As the head of a leading institute he applied for government funding on concentrated research labeled kriegswichtig important for the war some of which focused on military projects like the improvement of oxygen uptake for high altitude bomber pilots 7 nbsp Estrone Adolf Windaus and Walter Scholler of Schering gave him the advice to work on hormones extracted from ovaries This research lead to the discovery of estrone and other primary female sex hormones which were extracted from several thousand liters of urine 8 9 While working as professor in Danzig at the Chemisches Institut he was continuing his works over hormones extracting progesterone in 1934 and testosterone a year later the research results were along with the synthesis of steroids by Leopold Ruzicka considered significant enough to be awarded later by Nobel Committee in 1939 5 In 1940 he was involved in research on a hormone treatment to make long submarine voyages more comfortable for submariners in the Kriegsmarine 7 Butenand s involvement with the Nazi regime and various themes of research led to criticism after the war and even after his death the exact nature of his political orientation during the Nazi era has never been fully resolved 7 When the institute moved to Tubingen in 1945 he became a professor at the University of Tubingen In 1948 he was considered for the chair for physiological medicine at the University of Basel 10 He entered in negotiations but eventually was convinced to stay the chemical industry to stay in Germany 10 In 1956 when the institute relocated to Martinsried a suburb of Munich Butenandt became a professor at the University of Munich He also served as president of the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science following Otto Hahn from 1960 to 1972 Butenandt is credited with the discovery and naming of the silkworm moth pheromone Bombykol in 1959 Butenandt died in Munich in 1995 at the age of 91 11 His wife Erika de born in 1906 died in 1995 at 88 12 They had seven children 13 Honours and awards edit1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry shared with Leopold Ruzicka for the identification of the sex hormones oestrogen progesterone and androsterone 14 1942 War Merit Cross Second Class Germany 1943 War Merit Cross First Class Germany 1953 Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize 15 1959 1964 Knight Commander s Cross and Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany 16 1960 Honorary Citizen of the City of Bremerhaven 17 1960 President of the Max Planck Society 18 1961 Wilhelm Normann Medal of the German Society for Fat Research 1962 Bavarian Order of Merit 1962 Pour le Merite 19 1964 Austrian Decoration for Science and Art 20 1967 Cultural Award of the City of Munich 1969 Commander of the French Legion of Honour 1972 Ordre des Palmes Academiques 1981 Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art 21 1985 Grand Cross 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany 22 1985 Honorary Citizen of the City of Munich 23 1994 Grand Gold Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria 24 1951 1992 31 participations in the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings record 25 26 Honorary doctorates edit Butenandt received 14 honorary doctorates 27 including Tubingen 1949 Munich 1950 Graz 1957 Leeds 1961 Thessaloniki 1961 Madrid 1963 Vienna 1965 St Louis 1965 Berlin 1966 Cambridge 1966 and Gdansk 1994 28 29 See also editAndrosterone Conjugated estriol Epiandrosterone PregnenoloneReferences edit a b Szollosi Janze Margit 2001 Science in the Third Reich German Historical Perspectives Oxford UK Berg Publishers ISBN 1 85973 421 9 Akhtar M Akhtar M E 1998 Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt 24 March 1903 18 January 1995 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 44 79 92 doi 10 1098 rsbm 1998 0006 PMID 11623990 Karlson P 1995 Adolf Butenandt 1903 1995 Nature 373 6516 660 Bibcode 1995Natur 373 660K doi 10 1038 373660b0 PMID 7854440 S2CID 4349895 Jaenicke L 1995 Adolf Butenandt 24 3 1903 18 1 1995 Chemie in unserer Zeit 29 3 163 165 doi 10 1002 ciuz 19950290313 a b Piosik R 2003 Adolf Butenandt und sein Wirken an der Technischen Hochschule Danzig Chemkon 10 3 135 138 doi 10 1002 ckon 200390038 Mertens L 2003 Nur Zweite Wahl oder Die Berufung Adolf Butenandts zum Direktor des KWI fur Biochemie Berichte zur Wissenschafts Geschichte 26 3 213 222 doi 10 1002 bewi 200390058 a b c Trunk A 2006 Biochemistry in Wartime The Life and Lessons of Adolf Butenandt 1936 1946 Minerva 44 3 285 306 doi 10 1007 s11024 006 9002 2 S2CID 143929707 Butenandt A 1929 Uber Progynon ein krystallisiertes weibliches Sexualhormon Die Naturwissenschaften 17 45 879 Bibcode 1929NW 17 879B doi 10 1007 BF01506919 S2CID 2856469 Butenandt A 1931 Uber die chemische Untersuchung der Sexualhormone Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Chemie 44 46 905 908 Bibcode 1931AngCh 44 905B doi 10 1002 ange 19310444602 a b Simon Christian 2009 Aus der Geschichte der Universitat Basel Basler Zeitschrift fur Geschichte und Altertumskunde in German Schwabe Verlag pp 9 10 Retrieved 20 April 2023 Beileid zum tode von adolf butenandt Die Bundesregierung informiert in German Retrieved 13 December 2023 Familie Adolf Butenandt Archivportal D in German Retrieved 13 December 2023 Der ehemalige Prasident der Max Planck Gesellschaft Adolf Butenandt wusste viel und sagte nichts Ein Normalfall im Dritten Reich Berliner Zeitung in German 3 September 2004 Retrieved 13 December 2023 MAX PLANCK GESELLSCHAFT Digital Story Adolf Butenandt in German Retrieved 13 December 2023 70 Years Paul Ehrlich und Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize Goethe Universitat in German 7 March 1986 Retrieved 13 December 2023 BR Retro Bundesverdienstkreuz Verleihung 1959 ARD Mediathek in German 30 January 1959 Retrieved 13 December 2023 Adolf Butenandt Bremerhaven de Seestadt Bremerhaven in German 15 August 2011 Retrieved 13 December 2023 The Max Planck Society and Harnack House Harnack House of the Max Planck Society 4 December 2023 Retrieved 13 December 2023 Butenandt ORDEN POUR LE MERITE in German Retrieved 13 December 2023 Reply to a parliamentary question PDF in German p 166 Retrieved 10 December 2012 Auszeichnungen und zivile Orden nach 1945 Historisches Lexikon Bayerns in German Retrieved 13 December 2023 Chronik University of Munich p 166 Adolf Butenandt Der Jager der Sexualhormone BR de in German 25 February 2017 Retrieved 13 December 2023 Reply to a parliamentary question PDF in German p 972 Retrieved 10 December 2012 Prof Dr Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt Lindau Nobel Mediatheque 19 June 2015 Retrieved 13 December 2023 Wirtschafts Nobelpreistrager in Lindau Suddeutsche de in German 5 December 2008 Retrieved 13 December 2023 University of Marburg Piosik Romuald 1998 Doktor Honoris Causa der Technischen Hochschule Danzig Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego ISSN 0208 6182 Retrieved 13 December 2023 Prof Adolf Butenandt Politechnika Gdanska in Polish Retrieved 13 December 2023 Bibliography editAngelika Ebbinghaus Karl Heinz Roth 2002 Von der Rockefeller Foundation zur Kaiser Wilhelm Max Planck Gesellschaft Adolf Butenandt als Biochemiker und Wissenschaftspolitiker des 20 Jahrhunderts Zeitschrift fur Geschichtswissenschaft 50 5 389 418 Schieder Wolfgang 2004 Adolf Butenandt und die Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft Wissenschaft Industrie und Politik im Dritten Reich Gottingen Wallstein Verlag p 450 ISBN 3 89244 752 7 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Adolf Butenandt Adolf Butenandt on Nobelprize org nbsp 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry Biography MPG Biography Archived 16 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Adolf Butenandt amp oldid 1189712161, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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