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Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)

April 23, 2023

"The Admiral of the Fleet" redirects here. For other uses, see Admiral of the fleet.

Admiral of the Fleet is a five-star naval officer rank and the highest rank of the Royal Navy formally established in 1688.[2] The five-star NATO rank code is OF-10, equivalent to a field marshal in the British Army or a Marshal of the Royal Air Force. Other than honorary appointments, no new admirals of the fleet have been named since 1995, and no honorary appointments have been made since 2014.

Admiral of the Fleet
The flag of an admiral of the Fleet is the Union Flag, and is in 1:2 rather than the 2:3 of other admirals' flags.[1]
Insignia shoulder board and sleeve lace for Admiral of the Fleet
Country United Kingdom
Service branch Royal Navy
AbbreviationADMF
Rank groupFlag officer
RankFive-star
NATO rank codeOF-10
Formation1688
Next lower rankAdmiral
Equivalent ranks

History

 
King George VI and Admiral Bruce Fraser aboard HMS Duke of York at Scapa Flow, August 1943

The origins of the rank can be traced back to John de Beauchamp, 1st Baron Beauchamp de Warwick, who was appointed 'Admiral of the King's Southern, Northern and Western Fleets' on 18 July 1360.[3] The appointment gave the command of the English navy to one person for the first time; this evolved into the post of Admiral of the Fleet.[4] In the days of sailing ships the admiral distinctions then used by the Royal Navy included distinctions related to the fleet being divided into three divisions – red, white, or blue. Each division was assigned at least one admiral, who in turn commanded a number of vice-admirals and rear admirals. While the full admirals were nominally equals, tradition gave precedence to the Admiral of the White who held the fleet rank in addition to his substantive role.[2]

Eighteenth and nineteenth centuries

The Restoration era brought a general reorganisation of naval ranks and structure, including formalisation of the admiral of the fleet role. In a break with tradition the rank was awarded to the most senior Admiral of the Red, who retained this substantive rank while also serving as Admiral of the Fleet. Appointments were for life, remunerated via a £5 daily stipend and an annual allowance of £1,014 for the hiring and maintenance of servants. It was intended that only one officer would hold the rank at any time, with their presence aboard any naval vessel to be denoted by the flying of the Royal Standard from the main mast.[5]

The ranks of Admiral of the Fleet and Admiral of the Red were formally separated from 1805, with an announcement in the London Gazette that "His Majesty [has] been pleased to order the Rank of Admirals of the Red to be restored"[6] in His Majesty's Navy..." as a separate role. The same Gazette promoted 22 men to that rank.[7] From the nineteenth century onward there were also occasional variations to the previous requirement that only one Admiral of Fleet could serve at one time. In 1821 George IV appointed Sir John Jervis as a second admiral of the fleet, to balance the Duke of Wellington's promotion as a second Field Marshal in the British Army. In 1830 King William IV increased the number of admirals of the fleet to three, though these additional lifetime postings subsequently lapsed. Between 1854 and 1857 there was no admiral of the fleet at all as the most senior naval officer of the time – Admiral of the Red Thomas Le Marchant Gosselin – was mentally ill and had not served at sea for forty-five years.[8][9] In deference to Gosselin's seniority the position was instead left vacant until his death in 1857, whereupon it was filled by Admiral Charles Ogle.[5]

In practice the rank had lost its formal authority from 1828, when the professional head of the Royal Navy was given the title of First Naval Lord (renamed First Sea Lord in 1904). Thereafter it was periodically granted to retiring First Naval Lords as an honorary promotion, only passing to the most senior Admiral if there was no other candidate. On occasion even this seniority principle was abandoned, as on the death of Provo Wallis in 1892 when the promotion went to John Edmund Commerell rather than the senior Algernon Frederick Rous de Horsey.[10]

Twentieth century

The organisation of the British fleet into coloured squadrons was abandoned in 1864, though the rank of admiral of the fleet was maintained. During the two World Wars a number of serving officers held active commissions as admirals of the fleet, as well as the First Sea Lord. e.g. Sir John Tovey.[11]

Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh was created an Admiral of the Fleet in the Royal New Zealand Navy in 1954, following the coronation of his wife Elizabeth II as Queen. This promotion was to a New Zealand rank, separate from the Royal Navy rank.[12]

Following the creation of the Chief of the Defence Staff in 1959, the five naval officers appointed to that position became admirals of the fleet. Recognizing the reduced post–Cold War size of the British Armed Forces, no further appointments were made to the rank after 1995 when Sir Benjamin Bathurst was appointed admiral of the fleet on his retirement as First Sea Lord. The rank was not abolished and in 2012 the Prince of Wales (now King Charles III) became an honorary admiral of the fleet (as well as field marshal and marshal of the Royal Air Force), in recognition of his support to Queen Elizabeth II in her role of as Commander-in-Chief of the British Armed Forces. In 2014, Lord Boyce, a former First Sea Lord and Chief of the Defence Staff, was also appointed an honorary admiral of the fleet.[13]

Admirals of the Fleet

Appointed
 Image
 Name
 Born
 Died
 Notes
 Reference
1688   George Legge
(later Baron Dartmouth)		 1647 1691 [14]
1690   Edward Russell
(later Earl of Orford)		 1652 1727 [15]
1696   Sir George Rooke 1650 1709 circa [16]
13 January 1705   Sir Cloudesley Shovell 1650 1707 [17]
8 January 1708   Leake JohnSir John Leake 1656 1720 [18]
21 December 1708   Fairborne StaffordSir Stafford Fairborne 1666 1742 circa [19]
12 November 1709   Aylmer MatthewSir Matthew Aylmer 1650 1720 [20]
14 March 1718   Byng GeorgeSir George Byng
(later Viscount Torrington)		 1663 1733 [21]
20 February 1734   Norris JohnSir John Norris 1670 1749 [22]
1 July 1749   Ogle ChallonerSir Chaloner Ogle 1681 1750 [23]
22 November 1751   Steuart JamesJames Steuart 1690 1757 [24]
March 1757   Clinton GeorgeGeorge Clinton 1686 1761 [25]
30 July 1761   AnsonThe Lord Anson 1697 1762 [26]
17 December 1762   Rowley WilliamSir William Rowley 1690 1768 circa [27]
15 January 1768   Hawke EdwardSir Edward Hawke
(later Lord Hawke)		 1705 1781 [28]
24 October 1781   Luke O'KeefeJohn Forbes 1714 1796 [29]
12 March 1796   HoweThe Earl Howe 1726 1799 [30]
16 September 1799   Parker PeterSir Peter Parker 1721 1811 [31]
24 December 1811   Clarence and Saint AndrewsThe Duke of Clarence and St Andrews
(later King William IV)		 1765 1837 [32]
19 July 1821   Saint VincentThe Earl of St Vincent 1735 1823 acting from May 1814 [33]
28 June 1830   Williams-Freeman WilliamWilliam Williams-Freeman 1742 1832 [34]
22 July 1830   GambierThe Lord Gambier 1756 1833 [35]
22 July 1830   Pole CharlesSir Charles Pole 1757 1830 [35]
24 April 1833   Nugent CharlesSir Charles Nugent 1759 1844 [36]
8 January 1844   Hawkins-Whitshed JamesSir James Hawkins-Whitshed 1762 1849 [37]
9 November 1846   Martin GeorgeSir George Martin 1764 1847 [38]
13 October 1849   Martin ThomasSir Thomas Byam Martin 1773 1854 [39]
1 July 1851   Cockburn GeorgeSir George Cockburn 1772 1853 [40]
8 December 1857   Ogle CharlesSir Charles Ogle 1775 1858 [41]
25 June 1858   West JohnSir John West 1774 1862 [42]
20 May 1862   Gage WilliamSir William Gage 1777 1864 [43]
10 November 1862   Hamond GrahamSir Graham Hamond 1779 1862 [44]
27 April 1863   Austen FrancisSir Francis Austen 1774 1865 [45]
27 April 1863   Parker WilliamSir William Parker 1781 1866 [46]
11 January 1864   Curtis LuciusSir Lucius Curtis 1786 1869 [47]
12 September 1865   Cochrane ThomasSir Thomas Cochrane 1789 1872 [48]
30 November 1866   Seymour GeorgeSir George Seymour 1787 1870 [49]
30 January 1868   Gordon JamesSir James Gordon 1782 1869 on the Retired List [50]
15 January 1869   Bowles WilliamSir William Bowles 1780 1869 [51]
2 July 1869   Sartorious GeorgeSir George Sartorius 1790 1885 [52]
21 January 1870   Moresby FairfaxSir Fairfax Moresby 1786 1877 [53]
20 October 1872   Stewart HoustonSir Houston Stewart 1791 1875 [54]
11 December 1875   Wallis ProvoSir Provo Wallis 1791 1892 [55]
22 January 1877   Codrington HenrySir Henry Codrington 1808 1877 [56]
5 August 1877   Keppel HenrySir Henry Keppel 1809 1904 [57]
27 December 1877   LauderdaleThe Earl of Lauderdale 1803 1878 [58]
27 December 1877   Mundy RodneySir Rodney Mundy 1805 1884 [58]
15 June 1879   Hope JamesSir James Hope 1808 1881 [59]
15 June 1879   Symonds ThomasSir Thomas Symonds 1813 1894 [59]
10 June 1881   Milne AlexanderSir Alexander Milne, Bt. 1806 1896 on the Retired List [60]
1 December 1881   Elliot CharlesSir Charles Elliot 1818 1895 [61]
29 April 1885   Ryder AlfredSir Alfred Ryder 1820 1888 [62]
18 July 1887   WalesThe Prince of Wales
(later King Edward VII)		 1841 1910 honorary to non-Navy royalty [63]
1 May 1888   Hornby GeoffreySir Geoffrey Hornby 1825 1895 [64]
8 December 1888   Hay JohnLord John Hay 1827 1916 First Sea Lord 1886 [65]
2 August 1889   William IIHIM German Emperor William II 1859 1941 honorary, to foreign royalty [66]
13 February 1892   Commerell JohnSir John Commerell 1829 1901 [67]
3 June 1893   EdinburghThe Duke of Edinburgh
(later Duke Alfred of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha)		 1844 1900 [68]
20 February 1895   ClanwilliamThe Earl of Clanwilliam 1832 1907 [69]
23 August 1897   Lyons AlgernonSir Algernon Lyons 1833 1908 [70]
29 November 1898   Richards FrederickSir Frederick Richards 1833 1912 First Sea Lord 1893–1899 [71]
13 January 1899   Salmon NowellSir Nowell Salmon 1835 1912 [72]
3 October 1902   Erskine JamesSir James Erskine 1838 1911 [73]
30 August 1903   Hotham CharlesSir Charles Hotham 1843 1925 [74]
16 June 1904   Kerr WalterLord Walter Kerr 1839 1927 First Sea Lord 1899–1904 [75]
20 February 1905   Seymour EdwardSir Edward Seymour 1840 1929 [76]
5 December 1905   Fisher JohnSir John Fisher
(later Lord Fisher)		 1841 1920 First Sea Lord 1905–1910 and 1914–1915 [77]
1 March 1907   Wilson ArthurSir Arthur Wilson 1842 1921 First Sea Lord 1910–1911 [78]
11 June 1908   Nicholas IIHIM Tsar Nicholas II of Russia 1868 1918 honorary, to foreign royalty [79]
2 December 1908   Noel GerardSir Gerard Noel 1845 1918 [80]
27 January 1910   Heinrich of PrussiaPrince Henry of Prussia 1862 1929 honorary, to foreign royalty [81]
30 April 1910   Fanshawe ArthurSir Arthur Fanshawe 1847 1936 [82]
6 May 1910   George V King George V 1865 1936 [83]
20 March 1913   May WilliamSir William May 1849 1930 [84]
5 March 1915   Meux HedworthSir Hedworth Meux 1856 1929 [85]
2 April 1917   Callaghan GeorgeSir George Callaghan 1852 1920 [86]
3 April 1919   JellicoeThe Viscount Jellicoe
(later Earl Jellicoe)		 1859 1935 First Sea Lord 1916–1918 [87]
3 April 1919   Beatty DavidSir David Beatty
(later Earl Beatty)		 1871 1936 First Sea Lord 1919–1927 [88]
31 July 1919   Jackson HenrySir Henry Jackson 1855 1929 First Sea Lord 1915–1916 [89]
1 November 1919   Wemyss RosslynSir Rosslyn Wemyss
(later Lord Wester Wemyss)		 1864 1933 First Sea Lord 1918–1919 [90]
24 November 1920   Burney CecilSir Cecil Burney, Bt. 1858 1929 [91]
5 July 1921   Sturdee DovetonSir Doveton Sturdee, Bt. 1859 1925 [92]
19 August 1921   Milford HavenThe Marquess of Milford Haven 1854 1921 First Sea Lord 1912–1914. On the Retired List [93]
31 July 1924   Madden CharlesSir Charles Madden, Bt. 1862 1935 First Sea Lord 1927–1930 [94]
8 May 1925   Calthorpe SomersetSir Somerset Gough-Calthorpe 1864 1937 [95]
24 November 1925   de Robeck JohnSir John de Robeck, Bt. 1862 1928 [96]
21 January 1928   Oliver HenrySir Henry Oliver 1865 1965 [97]
31 July 1929   Brock OsmondSir Osmond Brock 1869 1947 [98]
8 May 1930   Keyes RogerSir Roger Keyes, Bt.
(later Lord Keyes)		 1872 1945 [99]
21 January 1933   Field FrederickSir Frederick Field 1871 1945 First Sea Lord 1930–1933 [100]
31 July 1934   Tyrwhitt ReginaldSir Reginald Tyrwhitt, Bt. 1870 1951 [101]
8 May 1935   Chatfield ErnleSir Ernle Chatfield
(later Lord Chatfield)		 1873 1967 First Sea Lord 1933–1938 [102]
21 January 1936   Edward VIIIKing Edward VIII 1894 1972 [103]
12 July 1936 Kelly JohnSir John Kelly 1871 1936 [104]
11 December 1936   George VIKing George VI 1895 1952 [105]
21 January 1938   CorkThe Earl of Cork and Orrery 1873 1967 [106]
7 July 1939   Backhouse RogerSir Roger Backhouse 1878 1939 First Sea Lord 1938–1939 [107]
31 July 1939   Pound DudleySir Dudley Pound 1877 1943 First Sea Lord 1939–1943 [108]
8 May 1940   Forbes CharlesSir Charles Forbes 1880 1960 [109]
21 January 1943   Cunningham AndrewSir Andrew Cunningham
(later Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope)		 1883 1963 First Sea Lord 1943–1946 [110]
22 October 1943   Tovey JohnSir John Tovey
(later Lord Tovey)		 1885 1971 [111]
8 May 1945   Somerville JohnSir James Somerville 1882 1949 [112]
21 January 1948   Cunningham JohnSir John Cunningham 1885 1965 First Sea Lord 1946–1948 [113]
22 October 1948   Fraser of North CapeThe Lord Fraser of North Cape 1888 1981 First Sea Lord 1948–1951 [114]
20 March 1949   Willis AlgernonSir Algernon Willis 1889 1976 [115]
22 April 1952   Power ArthurSir Arthur Power 1889 1960 [116]
1 June 1952   Vian PhilipSir Philip Vian 1894 1968 [117]
15 January 1953   EdinburghThe Duke of Edinburgh 1921 2021 Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom 2011–2021 [118][119]
1 May 1953   McGrigor RhoderickSir Rhoderick McGrigor 1893 1959 First Sea Lord 1951–1955 [120]
22 April 1955   Creasy GeorgeSir George Creasy 1895 1972 [121]
22 October 1956   Mountbatten of BurmaThe Earl Mountbatten of Burma 1900 1979 First Sea Lord 1955–1959 Chief of the Defence Staff 1959–1965 [122]
10 May 1960 Lambe CharlesSir Charles Lambe 1900 1960 First Sea Lord 1959–1960 [123]
23 May 1962 John CasparSir Caspar John 1903 1984 First Sea Lord 1960–1963 [124]
12 August 1968 Begg VarylSir Varyl Begg 1908 1995 First Sea Lord 1966–1968 [125]
30 June 1970 Le Fanu MichaelSir Michael Le Fanu 1913 1970 First Sea Lord 1968–1970 [126]
12 March 1971   Hill-Norton PeterSir Peter Hill-Norton
(later Lord Hill-Norton)		 1915 2004 First Sea Lord 1970–1971 Chief of the Defence Staff 1971–73 [127]
1 March 1974   Pollock MichaelSir Michael Pollock 1916 2006 First Sea Lord 1971–1974 [128]
9 February 1977 Ashmore EdwardSir Edward Ashmore 1919 2016 First Sea Lord 1977-1977 Chief of the Defence Staff 1977 [129]
6 July 1979 Lewin TerenceSir Terence Lewin
(later Lord Lewin)		 1920 1999 First Sea Lord 1977–1979 Chief of the Defence Staff 1979–1982 [130]
1 December 1982 Leach HenrySir Henry Leach 1923 2011 First Sea Lord 1979–1982 [131]
2 August 1985   Fieldhouse JohnSir John Fieldhouse
(later Lord Fieldhouse)		 1928 1992 First Sea Lord 1982–1985 Chief of the Defence Staff 1985–1988 [132]
12 April 1988   King Olav V of Norway 1903 1991 honorary, to foreign royalty [133]
25 May 1989 Staveley WilliamSir William Staveley 1928 1997 First Sea Lord 1985–1989 [134]
2 March 1993 Oswald JulianSir Julian Oswald 1933 2011 First Sea Lord 1989–1993 [135]
10 July 1995   Bathhurst BenjaminSir Benjamin Bathurst 1936 Living First Sea Lord 1993–1995 [136]
16 June 2012   WalesThe Prince of Wales (later King Charles III) 1948 Living [137]
13 June 2014   Boyce MichaelThe Lord Boyce 1943 2022 Chief of the Defence Staff 2001–2003. Honorary rank [138]

See also

References

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  2. ^ a b (PDF). nmrn-portsmouth.org.uk. The National Museum Royal Navy. 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2019.
  3. ^ St. George Tucker (1996). Blackstone's commentaries: with notes of reference to the constitution and laws, of the federal government of the United States, and of the Commonwealth of Virginia; with an appendix to each volume, containing short tracts upon such subjects as appeared necessary to form a connected view of the laws of Virginia as a member of the federal union. Vol. 1 (Originally published: Philadelphia : William Young Birch, and Abraham Small, 1803. ed.). Union, NJ: Lawbook Exchange. p. xxxiii. ISBN 9781886363168.
  4. ^ "Trafalgar Ancestors, Glossary". nationalarchives.gov.uk. National Archives, 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
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  6. ^ The Dictionary of National Biography (Volume 20, page 394) says of James Gambier, 1st Baron Gambier that he "seems to have been as ignorant of naval history as careless of naval prestige, and must be considered one of the chief of the perpetrators of the official blunder which, in the warrant of 9 Nov. 1805 appointing admirals of the red, spoke of the rank as restored to the navy, whereas, in point of fact, it had never previously existed."
  7. ^ "No. 15859". The London Gazette. 5 November 1805. p. 1373.
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  9. ^ Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney, eds. (1890). "Gosselin, Thomas le Marchant" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 22. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  10. ^ "Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy) - The Dreadnought Project". www.dreadnoughtproject.org.
  11. ^ "No. 36255". The London Gazette. 19 November 1943. p. 5088.
  12. ^ Heald, Tim (1991). The Duke: A Portrait of Prince Philip. London: Hodder and Stoughton. pp. 264–267. ISBN 0-340-54607-7.
  13. ^ "2014 Birthday Honours for service personnel and defence civilians". Ministry of Defence. 13 June 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
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  19. ^ "Fairborne, Stafford". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9069. Retrieved 16 May 2015. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  20. ^ "Aylmer, Matthew". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/936. Retrieved 16 May 2015. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  21. ^ "Byng, George, first Viscount Torrington". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4262. Retrieved 16 May 2015. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  22. ^ Heathcote, p. 197.
  23. ^ "No. 8864". The London Gazette. 4 July 1749. p. 6.
  24. ^ Heathcote p. 236.
  25. ^ Heathcote, p. 45.
  26. ^ "No. 10126". The London Gazette. 28 July 1761. p. 2.
  27. ^ "No. 10275". The London Gazette. 1 January 1763. p. 1.
  28. ^ Heathcote, p. 109.
  29. ^ Heathcote, p. 87.
  30. ^ "No. 13875". The London Gazette. 15 March 1796. p. 258.
  31. ^ Heathcote, p. 271.
  32. ^ "No. 16554". The London Gazette. 21 December 1811. p. 2454.
  33. ^ "No. 17727". The London Gazette. 20 July 1821. p. 1511.
  34. ^ "No. 18701". The London Gazette. 2 July 1830. p. 1369.
  35. ^ a b "No. 18709". The London Gazette. 23 July 1830. p. 1539.
  36. ^ "No. 19042". The London Gazette. 26 April 1833. p. 793.
  37. ^ "No. 20305". The London Gazette. 16 January 1844. p. 146.
  38. ^ "No. 20660". The London Gazette (Supplement). 10 November 1846. p. 3994.
  39. ^ "No. 21037". The London Gazette. 13 November 1849. p. 3387.
  40. ^ "No. 21225". The London Gazette. 8 July 1851. p. 1769.
  41. ^ "No. 22071". The London Gazette. 11 December 1857. p. 4367.
  42. ^ "No. 22157". The London Gazette. 29 June 1858. p. 3090.
  43. ^ "No. 22627". The London Gazette. 20 May 1862. p. 2616.
  44. ^ "No. 22679". The London Gazette. 10 November 1862. p. 5343.
  45. ^ "No. 22730". The London Gazette. 28 April 1863. p. 2246.
  46. ^ "No. 22730". The London Gazette. 28 April 1863. p. 2246.
  47. ^ "No. 22806". The London Gazette. 12 January 1864. p. 157.
  48. ^ "No. 23014". The London Gazette. 15 September 1865. p. 4466.
  49. ^ "No. 23187". The London Gazette. 20 November 1866. p. 6158.
  50. ^ "No. 23349". The London Gazette. 4 February 1868. p. 537.
  51. ^ "No. 23462". The London Gazette. 26 January 1869. p. 407.
  52. ^ "No. 23516". The London Gazette. 13 July 1869. p. 3958.
  53. ^ "No. 23582". The London Gazette. 1 February 1870. p. 598.
  54. ^ "No. 23915". The London Gazette. 1 November 1872. p. 5106.
  55. ^ "No. 24278". The London Gazette. 24 December 1875. p. 6577.
  56. ^ "No. 24411". The London Gazette. 30 January 1877. p. 436.
  57. ^ "No. 24497". The London Gazette. 24 August 1877. p. 4957.
  58. ^ a b "No. 24537". The London Gazette. 1 January 1878. p. 2.
  59. ^ a b "No. 24734". The London Gazette. 17 June 1879. p. 3967.
  60. ^ "No. 24997". The London Gazette. 19 July 1881. p. 3548.
  61. ^ "No. 25044". The London Gazette. 2 December 1881. p. 6470.
  62. ^ "No. 25466". The London Gazette. 1 May 1885. p. 1984.
  63. ^ Heathcote, p. 68.
  64. ^ "No. 25816". The London Gazette. 15 May 1888. p. 2766.
  65. ^ "No. 25883". The London Gazette. 14 December 1888. p. 7140.
  66. ^ Heathcote, p. 261.
  67. ^ "No. 26262". The London Gazette. 26 February 1892. p. 1108.
  68. ^ Heathcote, p. 10.
  69. ^ "No. 26601". The London Gazette. 22 February 1895. p. 1066.
  70. ^ "No. 26885". The London Gazette. 24 August 1897. p. 4726.
  71. ^ "No. 27029". The London Gazette. 2 December 1898. p. 7818.
  72. ^ "No. 27043". The London Gazette. 17 January 1899. p. 298.
  73. ^ "No. 27483". The London Gazette. 17 October 1902. p. 6569.
  74. ^ "No. 27593". The London Gazette. 1 September 1903. p. 5476.
  75. ^ "No. 27692". The London Gazette. 5 July 1904. p. 4259.
  76. ^ "No. 27766". The London Gazette. 21 February 1905. p. 1279.
  77. ^ "No. 27861". The London Gazette. 8 December 1905. p. 8812.
  78. ^ "No. 28001". The London Gazette. 5 March 1907. p. 1574.
  79. ^ Heathcote, p. 192.
  80. ^ "No. 28201". The London Gazette. 1 December 1908. p. 9182.
  81. ^ Heathcote, p. 113.
  82. ^ "No. 28362". The London Gazette. 3 May 1910. p. 3063.
  83. ^ Heathcote, p. 98.
  84. ^ "No. 28703". The London Gazette. 21 March 1913. p. 2159.
  85. ^ "No. 29094". The London Gazette. 9 March 1915. p. 2365.
  86. ^ "No. 30008". The London Gazette. 3 April 1917. p. 3206.
  87. ^ "No. 31327". The London Gazette. 6 May 1919. p. 5653.
  88. ^ "No. 31327". The London Gazette. 6 May 1919. p. 5653.
  89. ^ "No. 31489". The London Gazette. 5 August 1919. p. 9961.
  90. ^ "No. 31715". The London Gazette (Supplement). 2 January 1920. p. 57.
  91. ^ "No. 32150". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 December 1920. p. 11942.
  92. ^ "No. 32394". The London Gazette. 19 July 1921. p. 5733.
  93. ^ Order in Council of 19 August 1921; ADM 196/38.
  94. ^ "No. 32962". The London Gazette. 5 August 1924. p. 5889.
  95. ^ "No. 33049". The London Gazette. 22 May 1925. p. 3445.
  96. ^ "No. 33110". The London Gazette. 1 December 1925. p. 7950.
  97. ^ "No. 33354". The London Gazette. 7 February 1928. p. 856.
  98. ^ "No. 33523". The London Gazette. 6 August 1929. p. 5145.
  99. ^ "No. 33604". The London Gazette. 9 May 1930. p. 2867.
  100. ^ "No. 33905". The London Gazette. 24 January 1933. p. 524.
  101. ^ "No. 34076". The London Gazette. 7 August 1934. p. 5054.
  102. ^ "No. 34159". The London Gazette. 10 May 1935. p. 3048.
  103. ^ Heathcote, p. 69.
  104. ^ "No. 34308". The London Gazette (Supplement). 24 July 1936. p. 4742.
  105. ^ Heathcote, p. 99.
  106. ^ "No. 34476". The London Gazette. 25 January 1938. p. 512.
  107. ^ Heathcote, p. 21.
  108. ^ "No. 34651". The London Gazette. 4 August 1939. p. 5393.
  109. ^ "No. 34849". The London Gazette. 14 May 1940. p. 2892.
  110. ^ Heathcote, p. 60.
  111. ^ "No. 36255". The London Gazette. 19 November 1943. p. 5088.
  112. ^ Heathcote, p. 233.
  113. ^ "No. 38210". The London Gazette. 17 February 1948. p. 1128.
  114. ^ Heathcote, p. 90.
  115. ^ "No. 38595". The London Gazette. 26 April 1949. p. 2052.
  116. ^ "No. 39571". The London Gazette. 13 June 1952. p. 3238.
  117. ^ "No. 39606". The London Gazette. 25 July 1952. p. 3999.
  118. ^ Heathcote, p. 210.
  119. ^ "No. 39754". The London Gazette. 16 January 1953. p. 358.
  120. ^ Heathcote, p. 162.
  121. ^ "No. 40487". The London Gazette. 24 May 1955. p. 3011.
  122. ^ "No. 40927". The London Gazette. 16 November 1956. p. 6492.
  123. ^ "No. 42058". The London Gazette (Supplement). 7 June 1960. p. 4037.
  124. ^ "No. 42704". The London Gazette. 15 June 1962. p. 4777.
  125. ^ Heathcote, p. 29.
  126. ^ "No. 45138". The London Gazette (Supplement). 26 June 1970. p. 7183.
  127. ^ "No. 45331". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 March 1971. p. 2937.
  128. ^ "No. 46225". The London Gazette (Supplement). 4 March 1974. p. 2887.
  129. ^ "No. 47160". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 March 1977. p. 2825.
  130. ^ "No. 47904". The London Gazette (Supplement). 16 July 1979. p. 8998.
  131. ^ "No. 49174". The London Gazette (Supplement). 22 November 1982. p. 15293.
  132. ^ Heathcote, p. 78.
  133. ^ "No. 51297". The London Gazette (3rd supplement). 12 April 1988. p. 4327.
  134. ^ Heathcote, p. 235.
  135. ^ Oswald, Julian (1993). "Conventional Deterrence and Military Diplomacy". The RUSI Journal. RUSI. 138 (2): 29–30. doi:10.1080/03071849308445694.
  136. ^ Heathcote, p. 23.
  137. ^ "No. 60350". The London Gazette. 7 December 2012. p. 23557.
  138. ^ "2014 Birthday Honours for service personnel and defence civilians". Ministry of Defence. 13 June 2014. Retrieved 22 June 2014.

Sources

  • Heathcote, Tony (2002). The British Admirals of the Fleet 1734–1995. Pen & Sword Ltd. ISBN 0-85052-835-6.

External links

  •   Media related to Royal Navy admirals of the fleet at Wikimedia Commons

April 23, 2023
admiral, fleet, royal, navy, admiral, fleet, redirects, here, other, uses, admiral, fleet, admiral, fleet, five, star, naval, officer, rank, highest, rank, royal, navy, formally, established, 1688, five, star, nato, rank, code, equivalent, field, marshal, brit. The Admiral of the Fleet redirects here For other uses see Admiral of the fleet Admiral of the Fleet is a five star naval officer rank and the highest rank of the Royal Navy formally established in 1688 2 The five star NATO rank code is OF 10 equivalent to a field marshal in the British Army or a Marshal of the Royal Air Force Other than honorary appointments no new admirals of the fleet have been named since 1995 and no honorary appointments have been made since 2014 Admiral of the FleetThe flag of an admiral of the Fleet is the Union Flag and is in 1 2 rather than the 2 3 of other admirals flags 1 Insignia shoulder board and sleeve lace for Admiral of the FleetCountry United KingdomService branch Royal NavyAbbreviationADMFRank groupFlag officerRankFive starNATO rank codeOF 10Formation1688Next lower rankAdmiralEquivalent ranksField marshal British Army Marshal of the Royal Air Force RAF Contents 1 History 1 1 Eighteenth and nineteenth centuries 1 2 Twentieth century 2 Admirals of the Fleet 3 See also 4 References 4 1 Sources 5 External linksHistory Edit King George VI and Admiral Bruce Fraser aboard HMS Duke of York at Scapa Flow August 1943 The origins of the rank can be traced back to John de Beauchamp 1st Baron Beauchamp de Warwick who was appointed Admiral of the King s Southern Northern and Western Fleets on 18 July 1360 3 The appointment gave the command of the English navy to one person for the first time this evolved into the post of Admiral of the Fleet 4 In the days of sailing ships the admiral distinctions then used by the Royal Navy included distinctions related to the fleet being divided into three divisions red white or blue Each division was assigned at least one admiral who in turn commanded a number of vice admirals and rear admirals While the full admirals were nominally equals tradition gave precedence to the Admiral of the White who held the fleet rank in addition to his substantive role 2 Eighteenth and nineteenth centuries Edit The Restoration era brought a general reorganisation of naval ranks and structure including formalisation of the admiral of the fleet role In a break with tradition the rank was awarded to the most senior Admiral of the Red who retained this substantive rank while also serving as Admiral of the Fleet Appointments were for life remunerated via a 5 daily stipend and an annual allowance of 1 014 for the hiring and maintenance of servants It was intended that only one officer would hold the rank at any time with their presence aboard any naval vessel to be denoted by the flying of the Royal Standard from the main mast 5 The ranks of Admiral of the Fleet and Admiral of the Red were formally separated from 1805 with an announcement in the London Gazette that His Majesty has been pleased to order the Rank of Admirals of the Red to be restored 6 in His Majesty s Navy as a separate role The same Gazette promoted 22 men to that rank 7 From the nineteenth century onward there were also occasional variations to the previous requirement that only one Admiral of Fleet could serve at one time In 1821 George IV appointed Sir John Jervis as a second admiral of the fleet to balance the Duke of Wellington s promotion as a second Field Marshal in the British Army In 1830 King William IV increased the number of admirals of the fleet to three though these additional lifetime postings subsequently lapsed Between 1854 and 1857 there was no admiral of the fleet at all as the most senior naval officer of the time Admiral of the Red Thomas Le Marchant Gosselin was mentally ill and had not served at sea for forty five years 8 9 In deference to Gosselin s seniority the position was instead left vacant until his death in 1857 whereupon it was filled by Admiral Charles Ogle 5 In practice the rank had lost its formal authority from 1828 when the professional head of the Royal Navy was given the title of First Naval Lord renamed First Sea Lord in 1904 Thereafter it was periodically granted to retiring First Naval Lords as an honorary promotion only passing to the most senior Admiral if there was no other candidate On occasion even this seniority principle was abandoned as on the death of Provo Wallis in 1892 when the promotion went to John Edmund Commerell rather than the senior Algernon Frederick Rous de Horsey 10 Twentieth century Edit The organisation of the British fleet into coloured squadrons was abandoned in 1864 though the rank of admiral of the fleet was maintained During the two World Wars a number of serving officers held active commissions as admirals of the fleet as well as the First Sea Lord e g Sir John Tovey 11 Prince Philip Duke of Edinburgh was created an Admiral of the Fleet in the Royal New Zealand Navy in 1954 following the coronation of his wife Elizabeth II as Queen This promotion was to a New Zealand rank separate from the Royal Navy rank 12 Following the creation of the Chief of the Defence Staff in 1959 the five naval officers appointed to that position became admirals of the fleet Recognizing the reduced post Cold War size of the British Armed Forces no further appointments were made to the rank after 1995 when Sir Benjamin Bathurst was appointed admiral of the fleet on his retirement as First Sea Lord The rank was not abolished and in 2012 the Prince of Wales now King Charles III became an honorary admiral of the fleet as well as field marshal and marshal of the Royal Air Force in recognition of his support to Queen Elizabeth II in her role of as Commander in Chief of the British Armed Forces In 2014 Lord Boyce a former First Sea Lord and Chief of the Defence Staff was also appointed an honorary admiral of the fleet 13 Admirals of the Fleet EditAppointed Image Name Born Died Notes Reference1688 George Legge later Baron Dartmouth 1647 1691 14 1690 Edward Russell later Earl of Orford 1652 1727 15 1696 Sir George Rooke 1650 1709 circa 16 13 January 1705 Sir Cloudesley Shovell 1650 1707 17 8 January 1708 Leake John Sir John Leake 1656 1720 18 21 December 1708 Fairborne Stafford Sir Stafford Fairborne 1666 1742 circa 19 12 November 1709 Aylmer Matthew Sir Matthew Aylmer 1650 1720 20 14 March 1718 Byng George Sir George Byng later Viscount Torrington 1663 1733 21 20 February 1734 Norris John Sir John Norris 1670 1749 22 1 July 1749 Ogle Challoner Sir Chaloner Ogle 1681 1750 23 22 November 1751 Steuart James James Steuart 1690 1757 24 March 1757 Clinton George George Clinton 1686 1761 25 30 July 1761 Anson The Lord Anson 1697 1762 26 17 December 1762 Rowley William Sir William Rowley 1690 1768 circa 27 15 January 1768 Hawke Edward Sir Edward Hawke later Lord Hawke 1705 1781 28 24 October 1781 Luke O Keefe John Forbes 1714 1796 29 12 March 1796 Howe The Earl Howe 1726 1799 30 16 September 1799 Parker Peter Sir Peter Parker 1721 1811 31 24 December 1811 Clarence and Saint Andrews The Duke of Clarence and St Andrews later King William IV 1765 1837 32 19 July 1821 Saint Vincent The Earl of St Vincent 1735 1823 acting from May 1814 33 28 June 1830 Williams Freeman William William Williams Freeman 1742 1832 34 22 July 1830 Gambier The Lord Gambier 1756 1833 35 22 July 1830 Pole Charles Sir Charles Pole 1757 1830 35 24 April 1833 Nugent Charles Sir Charles Nugent 1759 1844 36 8 January 1844 Hawkins Whitshed James Sir James Hawkins Whitshed 1762 1849 37 9 November 1846 Martin George Sir George Martin 1764 1847 38 13 October 1849 Martin Thomas Sir Thomas Byam Martin 1773 1854 39 1 July 1851 Cockburn George Sir George Cockburn 1772 1853 40 8 December 1857 Ogle Charles Sir Charles Ogle 1775 1858 41 25 June 1858 West John Sir John West 1774 1862 42 20 May 1862 Gage William Sir William Gage 1777 1864 43 10 November 1862 Hamond Graham Sir Graham Hamond 1779 1862 44 27 April 1863 Austen Francis Sir Francis Austen 1774 1865 45 27 April 1863 Parker William Sir William Parker 1781 1866 46 11 January 1864 Curtis Lucius Sir Lucius Curtis 1786 1869 47 12 September 1865 Cochrane Thomas Sir Thomas Cochrane 1789 1872 48 30 November 1866 Seymour George Sir George Seymour 1787 1870 49 30 January 1868 Gordon James Sir James Gordon 1782 1869 on the Retired List 50 15 January 1869 Bowles William Sir William Bowles 1780 1869 51 2 July 1869 Sartorious George Sir George Sartorius 1790 1885 52 21 January 1870 Moresby Fairfax Sir Fairfax Moresby 1786 1877 53 20 October 1872 Stewart Houston Sir Houston Stewart 1791 1875 54 11 December 1875 Wallis Provo Sir Provo Wallis 1791 1892 55 22 January 1877 Codrington Henry Sir Henry Codrington 1808 1877 56 5 August 1877 Keppel Henry Sir Henry Keppel 1809 1904 57 27 December 1877 Lauderdale The Earl of Lauderdale 1803 1878 58 27 December 1877 Mundy Rodney Sir Rodney Mundy 1805 1884 58 15 June 1879 Hope James Sir James Hope 1808 1881 59 15 June 1879 Symonds Thomas Sir Thomas Symonds 1813 1894 59 10 June 1881 Milne Alexander Sir Alexander Milne Bt 1806 1896 on the Retired List 60 1 December 1881 Elliot Charles Sir Charles Elliot 1818 1895 61 29 April 1885 Ryder Alfred Sir Alfred Ryder 1820 1888 62 18 July 1887 Wales The Prince of Wales later King Edward VII 1841 1910 honorary to non Navy royalty 63 1 May 1888 Hornby Geoffrey Sir Geoffrey Hornby 1825 1895 64 8 December 1888 Hay John Lord John Hay 1827 1916 First Sea Lord 1886 65 2 August 1889 William II HIM German Emperor William II 1859 1941 honorary to foreign royalty 66 13 February 1892 Commerell John Sir John Commerell 1829 1901 67 3 June 1893 Edinburgh The Duke of Edinburgh later Duke Alfred of Saxe Coburg and Gotha 1844 1900 68 20 February 1895 Clanwilliam The Earl of Clanwilliam 1832 1907 69 23 August 1897 Lyons Algernon Sir Algernon Lyons 1833 1908 70 29 November 1898 Richards Frederick Sir Frederick Richards 1833 1912 First Sea Lord 1893 1899 71 13 January 1899 Salmon Nowell Sir Nowell Salmon 1835 1912 72 3 October 1902 Erskine James Sir James Erskine 1838 1911 73 30 August 1903 Hotham Charles Sir Charles Hotham 1843 1925 74 16 June 1904 Kerr Walter Lord Walter Kerr 1839 1927 First Sea Lord 1899 1904 75 20 February 1905 Seymour Edward Sir Edward Seymour 1840 1929 76 5 December 1905 Fisher John Sir John Fisher later Lord Fisher 1841 1920 First Sea Lord 1905 1910 and 1914 1915 77 1 March 1907 Wilson Arthur Sir Arthur Wilson 1842 1921 First Sea Lord 1910 1911 78 11 June 1908 Nicholas II HIM Tsar Nicholas II of Russia 1868 1918 honorary to foreign royalty 79 2 December 1908 Noel Gerard Sir Gerard Noel 1845 1918 80 27 January 1910 Heinrich of Prussia Prince Henry of Prussia 1862 1929 honorary to foreign royalty 81 30 April 1910 Fanshawe Arthur Sir Arthur Fanshawe 1847 1936 82 6 May 1910 George V King George V 1865 1936 83 20 March 1913 May William Sir William May 1849 1930 84 5 March 1915 Meux Hedworth Sir Hedworth Meux 1856 1929 85 2 April 1917 Callaghan George Sir George Callaghan 1852 1920 86 3 April 1919 Jellicoe The Viscount Jellicoe later Earl Jellicoe 1859 1935 First Sea Lord 1916 1918 87 3 April 1919 Beatty David Sir David Beatty later Earl Beatty 1871 1936 First Sea Lord 1919 1927 88 31 July 1919 Jackson Henry Sir Henry Jackson 1855 1929 First Sea Lord 1915 1916 89 1 November 1919 Wemyss Rosslyn Sir Rosslyn Wemyss later Lord Wester Wemyss 1864 1933 First Sea Lord 1918 1919 90 24 November 1920 Burney Cecil Sir Cecil Burney Bt 1858 1929 91 5 July 1921 Sturdee Doveton Sir Doveton Sturdee Bt 1859 1925 92 19 August 1921 Milford Haven The Marquess of Milford Haven 1854 1921 First Sea Lord 1912 1914 On the Retired List 93 31 July 1924 Madden Charles Sir Charles Madden Bt 1862 1935 First Sea Lord 1927 1930 94 8 May 1925 Calthorpe Somerset Sir Somerset Gough Calthorpe 1864 1937 95 24 November 1925 de Robeck John Sir John de Robeck Bt 1862 1928 96 21 January 1928 Oliver Henry Sir Henry Oliver 1865 1965 97 31 July 1929 Brock Osmond Sir Osmond Brock 1869 1947 98 8 May 1930 Keyes Roger Sir Roger Keyes Bt later Lord Keyes 1872 1945 99 21 January 1933 Field Frederick Sir Frederick Field 1871 1945 First Sea Lord 1930 1933 100 31 July 1934 Tyrwhitt Reginald Sir Reginald Tyrwhitt Bt 1870 1951 101 8 May 1935 Chatfield Ernle Sir Ernle Chatfield later Lord Chatfield 1873 1967 First Sea Lord 1933 1938 102 21 January 1936 Edward VIII King Edward VIII 1894 1972 103 12 July 1936 Kelly John Sir John Kelly 1871 1936 104 11 December 1936 George VI King George VI 1895 1952 105 21 January 1938 Cork The Earl of Cork and Orrery 1873 1967 106 7 July 1939 Backhouse Roger Sir Roger Backhouse 1878 1939 First Sea Lord 1938 1939 107 31 July 1939 Pound Dudley Sir Dudley Pound 1877 1943 First Sea Lord 1939 1943 108 8 May 1940 Forbes Charles Sir Charles Forbes 1880 1960 109 21 January 1943 Cunningham Andrew Sir Andrew Cunningham later Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope 1883 1963 First Sea Lord 1943 1946 110 22 October 1943 Tovey John Sir John Tovey later Lord Tovey 1885 1971 111 8 May 1945 Somerville John Sir James Somerville 1882 1949 112 21 January 1948 Cunningham John Sir John Cunningham 1885 1965 First Sea Lord 1946 1948 113 22 October 1948 Fraser of North Cape The Lord Fraser of North Cape 1888 1981 First Sea Lord 1948 1951 114 20 March 1949 Willis Algernon Sir Algernon Willis 1889 1976 115 22 April 1952 Power Arthur Sir Arthur Power 1889 1960 116 1 June 1952 Vian Philip Sir Philip Vian 1894 1968 117 15 January 1953 Edinburgh The Duke of Edinburgh 1921 2021 Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom 2011 2021 118 119 1 May 1953 McGrigor Rhoderick Sir Rhoderick McGrigor 1893 1959 First Sea Lord 1951 1955 120 22 April 1955 Creasy George Sir George Creasy 1895 1972 121 22 October 1956 Mountbatten of Burma The Earl Mountbatten of Burma 1900 1979 First Sea Lord 1955 1959 Chief of the Defence Staff 1959 1965 122 10 May 1960 Lambe Charles Sir Charles Lambe 1900 1960 First Sea Lord 1959 1960 123 23 May 1962 John Caspar Sir Caspar John 1903 1984 First Sea Lord 1960 1963 124 12 August 1968 Begg Varyl Sir Varyl Begg 1908 1995 First Sea Lord 1966 1968 125 30 June 1970 Le Fanu Michael Sir Michael Le Fanu 1913 1970 First Sea Lord 1968 1970 126 12 March 1971 Hill Norton Peter Sir Peter Hill Norton later Lord Hill Norton 1915 2004 First Sea Lord 1970 1971 Chief of the Defence Staff 1971 73 127 1 March 1974 Pollock Michael Sir Michael Pollock 1916 2006 First Sea Lord 1971 1974 128 9 February 1977 Ashmore Edward Sir Edward Ashmore 1919 2016 First Sea Lord 1977 1977 Chief of the Defence Staff 1977 129 6 July 1979 Lewin Terence Sir Terence Lewin later Lord Lewin 1920 1999 First Sea Lord 1977 1979 Chief of the Defence Staff 1979 1982 130 1 December 1982 Leach Henry Sir Henry Leach 1923 2011 First Sea Lord 1979 1982 131 2 August 1985 Fieldhouse John Sir John Fieldhouse later Lord Fieldhouse 1928 1992 First Sea Lord 1982 1985 Chief of the Defence Staff 1985 1988 132 12 April 1988 King Olav V of Norway 1903 1991 honorary to foreign royalty 133 25 May 1989 Staveley William Sir William Staveley 1928 1997 First Sea Lord 1985 1989 134 2 March 1993 Oswald Julian Sir Julian Oswald 1933 2011 First Sea Lord 1989 1993 135 10 July 1995 Bathhurst Benjamin Sir Benjamin Bathurst 1936 Living First Sea Lord 1993 1995 136 16 June 2012 Wales The Prince of Wales later King Charles III 1948 Living 137 13 June 2014 Boyce Michael The Lord Boyce 1943 2022 Chief of the Defence Staff 2001 2003 Honorary rank 138 See also Edit United Kingdom portal Admiral of the fleet as used in other countries British ensigns British and U S military ranks compared Coloured squadrons of the Royal Navy Comparative military ranks First Sea Lord Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom Royal Navy officer rank insigniaReferences Edit Prothero David 3 December 2002 United Kingdom Royal Navy rank flags Flags of the World Archived from the original on 28 June 2006 Retrieved 28 July 2006 a b Information sheet no 055 Squadron Colours PDF nmrn portsmouth org uk The National Museum Royal Navy 2014 Archived from the original PDF on 8 November 2020 Retrieved 13 February 2019 St George Tucker 1996 Blackstone s commentaries with notes of reference to the constitution and laws of the federal government of the United States and of the Commonwealth of Virginia with an appendix to each volume containing short tracts upon such subjects as appeared necessary to form a connected view of the laws of Virginia as a member of the federal union Vol 1 Originally published Philadelphia William Young Birch and Abraham Small 1803 ed Union NJ Lawbook Exchange p xxxiii ISBN 9781886363168 Trafalgar Ancestors Glossary nationalarchives gov uk National Archives 2017 Retrieved 24 July 2017 a b Kemp Peter ed 1993 The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea Oxford Oxford University Press p 6 ISBN 0192820842 The Dictionary of National Biography Volume 20 page 394 says of James Gambier 1st Baron Gambier that he seems to have been as ignorant of naval history as careless of naval prestige and must be considered one of the chief of the perpetrators of the official blunder which in the warrant of 9 Nov 1805 appointing admirals of the red spoke of the rank as restored to the navy whereas in point of fact it had never previously existed No 15859 The London Gazette 5 November 1805 p 1373 O Byrne William Richard 1849 Gosselin Thomas Le Marchant A Naval Biographical Dictionary John Murray via Wikisource Stephen Leslie Lee Sidney eds 1890 Gosselin Thomas le Marchant Dictionary of National Biography Vol 22 London Smith Elder amp Co Admiral of the Fleet Royal Navy The Dreadnought Project www dreadnoughtproject org No 36255 The London Gazette 19 November 1943 p 5088 Heald Tim 1991 The Duke A Portrait of Prince Philip London Hodder and Stoughton pp 264 267 ISBN 0 340 54607 7 2014 Birthday Honours for service personnel and defence civilians Ministry of Defence 13 June 2014 Retrieved 28 June 2014 Naval Ranks NMRN Portsmouth www nmrn portsmouth org uk The National Museum Royal Navy Portsmouth 2019 Archived from the original on 26 September 2019 Retrieved 8 February 2019 Russell Edward Earl of Orford Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press 2004 doi 10 1093 ref odnb 24304 Retrieved 16 May 2015 Subscription or UK public library membership required Hattendorf John B 2004 Rooke Sir George Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 24059 Retrieved 16 May 2015 Subscription or UK public library membership required Shovell Sir Cloudesley Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press 2004 doi 10 1093 ref odnb 25470 Retrieved 16 May 2015 Subscription or UK public library membership required Leake Sir John Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press 2004 doi 10 1093 ref odnb 16238 Retrieved 16 May 2015 Subscription or UK public library membership required Fairborne Stafford Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press 2004 doi 10 1093 ref odnb 9069 Retrieved 16 May 2015 Subscription or UK public library membership required Aylmer Matthew Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press 2004 doi 10 1093 ref odnb 936 Retrieved 16 May 2015 Subscription or UK public library membership required Byng George first Viscount Torrington Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press 2004 doi 10 1093 ref odnb 4262 Retrieved 16 May 2015 Subscription or UK public library membership required Heathcote p 197 No 8864 The London Gazette 4 July 1749 p 6 Heathcote p 236 Heathcote p 45 No 10126 The London Gazette 28 July 1761 p 2 No 10275 The London Gazette 1 January 1763 p 1 Heathcote p 109 Heathcote p 87 No 13875 The London Gazette 15 March 1796 p 258 Heathcote p 271 No 16554 The London Gazette 21 December 1811 p 2454 No 17727 The London Gazette 20 July 1821 p 1511 No 18701 The London Gazette 2 July 1830 p 1369 a b No 18709 The London Gazette 23 July 1830 p 1539 No 19042 The London Gazette 26 April 1833 p 793 No 20305 The London Gazette 16 January 1844 p 146 No 20660 The London Gazette Supplement 10 November 1846 p 3994 No 21037 The London Gazette 13 November 1849 p 3387 No 21225 The London Gazette 8 July 1851 p 1769 No 22071 The London Gazette 11 December 1857 p 4367 No 22157 The London Gazette 29 June 1858 p 3090 No 22627 The London Gazette 20 May 1862 p 2616 No 22679 The London Gazette 10 November 1862 p 5343 No 22730 The London Gazette 28 April 1863 p 2246 No 22730 The London Gazette 28 April 1863 p 2246 No 22806 The London Gazette 12 January 1864 p 157 No 23014 The London Gazette 15 September 1865 p 4466 No 23187 The London Gazette 20 November 1866 p 6158 No 23349 The London Gazette 4 February 1868 p 537 No 23462 The London Gazette 26 January 1869 p 407 No 23516 The London Gazette 13 July 1869 p 3958 No 23582 The London Gazette 1 February 1870 p 598 No 23915 The London Gazette 1 November 1872 p 5106 No 24278 The London Gazette 24 December 1875 p 6577 No 24411 The London Gazette 30 January 1877 p 436 No 24497 The London Gazette 24 August 1877 p 4957 a b No 24537 The London Gazette 1 January 1878 p 2 a b No 24734 The London Gazette 17 June 1879 p 3967 No 24997 The London Gazette 19 July 1881 p 3548 No 25044 The London Gazette 2 December 1881 p 6470 No 25466 The London Gazette 1 May 1885 p 1984 Heathcote p 68 No 25816 The London Gazette 15 May 1888 p 2766 No 25883 The London Gazette 14 December 1888 p 7140 Heathcote p 261 No 26262 The London Gazette 26 February 1892 p 1108 Heathcote p 10 No 26601 The London Gazette 22 February 1895 p 1066 No 26885 The London Gazette 24 August 1897 p 4726 No 27029 The London Gazette 2 December 1898 p 7818 No 27043 The London Gazette 17 January 1899 p 298 No 27483 The London Gazette 17 October 1902 p 6569 No 27593 The London Gazette 1 September 1903 p 5476 No 27692 The London Gazette 5 July 1904 p 4259 No 27766 The London Gazette 21 February 1905 p 1279 No 27861 The London Gazette 8 December 1905 p 8812 No 28001 The London Gazette 5 March 1907 p 1574 Heathcote p 192 No 28201 The London Gazette 1 December 1908 p 9182 Heathcote p 113 No 28362 The London Gazette 3 May 1910 p 3063 Heathcote p 98 No 28703 The London Gazette 21 March 1913 p 2159 No 29094 The London Gazette 9 March 1915 p 2365 No 30008 The London Gazette 3 April 1917 p 3206 No 31327 The London Gazette 6 May 1919 p 5653 No 31327 The London Gazette 6 May 1919 p 5653 No 31489 The London Gazette 5 August 1919 p 9961 No 31715 The London Gazette Supplement 2 January 1920 p 57 No 32150 The London Gazette Supplement 3 December 1920 p 11942 No 32394 The London Gazette 19 July 1921 p 5733 Order in Council of 19 August 1921 ADM 196 38 No 32962 The London Gazette 5 August 1924 p 5889 No 33049 The London Gazette 22 May 1925 p 3445 No 33110 The London Gazette 1 December 1925 p 7950 No 33354 The London Gazette 7 February 1928 p 856 No 33523 The London Gazette 6 August 1929 p 5145 No 33604 The London Gazette 9 May 1930 p 2867 No 33905 The London Gazette 24 January 1933 p 524 No 34076 The London Gazette 7 August 1934 p 5054 No 34159 The London Gazette 10 May 1935 p 3048 Heathcote p 69 No 34308 The London Gazette Supplement 24 July 1936 p 4742 Heathcote p 99 No 34476 The London Gazette 25 January 1938 p 512 Heathcote p 21 No 34651 The London Gazette 4 August 1939 p 5393 No 34849 The London Gazette 14 May 1940 p 2892 Heathcote p 60 No 36255 The London Gazette 19 November 1943 p 5088 Heathcote p 233 No 38210 The London Gazette 17 February 1948 p 1128 Heathcote p 90 No 38595 The London Gazette 26 April 1949 p 2052 No 39571 The London Gazette 13 June 1952 p 3238 No 39606 The London Gazette 25 July 1952 p 3999 Heathcote p 210 No 39754 The London Gazette 16 January 1953 p 358 Heathcote p 162 No 40487 The London Gazette 24 May 1955 p 3011 No 40927 The London Gazette 16 November 1956 p 6492 No 42058 The London Gazette Supplement 7 June 1960 p 4037 No 42704 The London Gazette 15 June 1962 p 4777 Heathcote p 29 No 45138 The London Gazette Supplement 26 June 1970 p 7183 No 45331 The London Gazette Supplement 30 March 1971 p 2937 No 46225 The London Gazette Supplement 4 March 1974 p 2887 No 47160 The London Gazette Supplement 1 March 1977 p 2825 No 47904 The London Gazette Supplement 16 July 1979 p 8998 No 49174 The London Gazette Supplement 22 November 1982 p 15293 Heathcote p 78 No 51297 The London Gazette 3rd supplement 12 April 1988 p 4327 Heathcote p 235 Oswald Julian 1993 Conventional Deterrence and Military Diplomacy The RUSI Journal RUSI 138 2 29 30 doi 10 1080 03071849308445694 Heathcote p 23 No 60350 The London Gazette 7 December 2012 p 23557 2014 Birthday Honours for service personnel and defence civilians Ministry of Defence 13 June 2014 Retrieved 22 June 2014 Sources Edit Heathcote Tony 2002 The British Admirals of the Fleet 1734 1995 Pen amp Sword Ltd ISBN 0 85052 835 6 External links Edit Media related to Royal Navy admirals of the fleet at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Admiral of the Fleet Royal Navy amp oldid 1151000819, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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