Additive color or additive mixing is a property of a color model that predicts the appearance of colors made by coincident component lights, i.e. the perceived color can be predicted by summing the numeric representations of the component colors.[1] Modern formulations of Grassmann's laws[2] describe the additivity in the color perception of light mixtures in terms of algebraic equations. Additive color predicts perception and not any sort of change in the photons of light themselves. These predictions are only applicable in the limited scope of color matching experiments where viewers match small patches of uniform color isolated against a grey or black background.
Red, green, and blue lights combining by reflecting from a white wall: secondary colors yellow, cyan, and magenta are found at the intersections of red and green, green and blue, and blue and red. The intersection of all three primary colors together yields white.James Clerk Maxwell, with his color top that he used for investigation of color vision and additive color
Additive color models are applied in the design and testing of electronic displays that are used to render realistic images containing diverse sets of color using phosphors that emit light of a limited set of primary colors. Examination with a sufficiently powerful magnifying lens will reveal that each pixel in CRT, LCD, and most other types of color video displays is composed of red, green, and blue light-emitting phosphors which appear as a variety of single colors when viewed from a normal distance.
Additive color, alone, does not predict the appearance of mixtures of printed color inks, dye layers in color photographs on film, or paint mixtures. Instead, subtractive color is used to model the appearance of pigments or dyes, such as those in paints, inks.
The combination of two of the common three additive primary colors in equal proportions produces an additive secondary color—cyan, magenta or yellow. Additive color is also used to predict colors from overlapping projected colored lights often used in theatrical lighting for plays, concerts, circus shows, and night clubs.[3]
The full gamut of color available in any additive color system is defined by all the possible combinations of all the possible luminosities of each primary color in that system. In chromaticity space, a gamut is a plane convex polygon with corners at the primaries. For three primaries, it is a triangle.
The first permanent color photograph, taken by Thomas Sutton, under the direction of James Clerk Maxwell in 1861
Systems of additive color are motivated by the Young–Helmholtz theory of trichromatic color vision, which was articulated around 1850 by Hermann von Helmholtz, based on earlier work by Thomas Young. For his experimental work on the subject, James Clerk Maxwell is sometimes credited as being the father of additive color.[4] He had the photographer Thomas Sutton photograph a tartan ribbon on black-and-white film three times, first with a red, then green, then blue color filter over the lens. The three black-and-white images were developed and then projected onto a screen with three different projectors, each equipped with the corresponding red, green, or blue color filter used to take its image. When brought into alignment, the three images (a black-and-red image, a black-and-green image and a black-and-blue image) formed a full-color image, thus demonstrating the principles of additive color.[5]
^David Briggs (2007). "The Dimensions of Color". from the original on September 28, 2015. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
^"James Clerk Maxwell". Inventor's Hall of Fame, Rochester Institute of Technology Center for Imaging Science. from the original on September 18, 2010.
^Robert Hirsch (2004). Exploring Colour Photography: A Complete Guide. Laurence King Publishing. ISBN1-85669-420-8. from the original on February 25, 2017.
External linksedit
RGB and CMYK Colour systems.
http://www.edinphoto.org.uk/1_P/1_photographers_maxwell.htm - Photos and stories from the James Clerk Maxwell Foundation.
Stanford University CS 178 interactive Flash demo comparing additive and subtractive color mixing.
December 15, 2023
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Additive color or additive mixing is a property of a color model that predicts the appearance of colors made by coincident component lights i e the perceived color can be predicted by summing the numeric representations of the component colors 1 Modern formulations of Grassmann s laws 2 describe the additivity in the color perception of light mixtures in terms of algebraic equations Additive color predicts perception and not any sort of change in the photons of light themselves These predictions are only applicable in the limited scope of color matching experiments where viewers match small patches of uniform color isolated against a grey or black background Red green and blue lights combining by reflecting from a white wall secondary colors yellow cyan and magenta are found at the intersections of red and green green and blue and blue and red The intersection of all three primary colors together yields white James Clerk Maxwell with his color top that he used for investigation of color vision and additive colorAdditive color models are applied in the design and testing of electronic displays that are used to render realistic images containing diverse sets of color using phosphors that emit light of a limited set of primary colors Examination with a sufficiently powerful magnifying lens will reveal that each pixel in CRT LCD and most other types of color video displays is composed of red green and blue light emitting phosphors which appear as a variety of single colors when viewed from a normal distance Additive color alone does not predict the appearance of mixtures of printed color inks dye layers in color photographs on film or paint mixtures Instead subtractive color is used to model the appearance of pigments or dyes such as those in paints inks The combination of two of the common three additive primary colors in equal proportions produces an additive secondary color cyan magenta or yellow Additive color is also used to predict colors from overlapping projected colored lights often used in theatrical lighting for plays concerts circus shows and night clubs 3 The full gamut of color available in any additive color system is defined by all the possible combinations of all the possible luminosities of each primary color in that system In chromaticity space a gamut is a plane convex polygon with corners at the primaries For three primaries it is a triangle Contents 1 History 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksHistory edit nbsp The first permanent color photograph taken by Thomas Sutton under the direction of James Clerk Maxwell in 1861Systems of additive color are motivated by the Young Helmholtz theory of trichromatic color vision which was articulated around 1850 by Hermann von Helmholtz based on earlier work by Thomas Young For his experimental work on the subject James Clerk Maxwell is sometimes credited as being the father of additive color 4 He had the photographer Thomas Sutton photograph a tartan ribbon on black and white film three times first with a red then green then blue color filter over the lens The three black and white images were developed and then projected onto a screen with three different projectors each equipped with the corresponding red green or blue color filter used to take its image When brought into alignment the three images a black and red image a black and green image and a black and blue image formed a full color image thus demonstrating the principles of additive color 5 See also edit source source source source source source source source Additive color mixing with CD coversColor mixing Color space Color theory Color motion picture film Kinemacolor Prizma Color RGB color model Subtractive color Technicolor William Friese GreeneReferences edit MacEvoy Bruce handprint colormaking attributes www handprint com Retrieved February 26 2019 MacEvoy Bruce handprint colormaking attributes www handprint com Retrieved February 26 2019 David Briggs 2007 The Dimensions of Color Archived from the original on September 28 2015 Retrieved November 23 2011 James Clerk Maxwell Inventor s Hall of Fame Rochester Institute of Technology Center for Imaging Science Archived from the original on September 18 2010 Robert Hirsch 2004 Exploring Colour Photography A Complete Guide Laurence King Publishing ISBN 1 85669 420 8 Archived from the original on February 25 2017 External links editRGB and CMYK Colour systems http www edinphoto org uk 1 P 1 photographers maxwell htm Photos and stories from the James Clerk Maxwell Foundation Stanford University CS 178 interactive Flash demo comparing additive and subtractive color mixing Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Additive color amp oldid 1183236087, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
