The Absheron Peninsula (Azerbaijani: Abşeron yarımadası) is a peninsula in Azerbaijan. It is the location of Baku, the biggest and the most populous city of the country, and also the Baku metropolitan area, with its satellite cities Sumqayit and Khyrdalan.
There are three districts, of which two are urban (Baku and Sumqayit), and one, (Absheron Rayon), is suburban district in Absheron region.
It extends 60 km (37 mi) eastward into the Caspian Sea, and reaches a maximum width of 30 km (19 mi). Though technically the easternmost extension of the Caucasus Mountains, the landscape is only mildly hilly, a gently undulating plain that ends in a long spit of sand dunes known as Shah Dili, and now declared the Absheron National Park. In this part, the peninsula is dissected by ravines and characterized by frequent salt lakes.
The name "Absheron" comes from Persianāb šuran (salty waters).[1] This also gave its name to the city of Apsheronsk in Russia.
According to Conrad Malte-Brun in 1810, an alternative name for the peninsula was Okoressa.[2]
History
During the late 19th century exploitation of the peninsula's petroleum resources caused large scale migrations of Iranian laborers to the Caucasus and Central Asia.[3]
Geography
Absheron peninsula with its municipalities are shown
The Absheron peninsula is located in eastern Azerbaijan, along the western coast of the Caspian Sea with layers of deposits from the Cretaceous, Palaeogene, Neogene, Pliocene and Quaternary periods. The lithological composition up to the Neogene layers is made up of clays, sandy clays, sands and limestones. Middle Pliocene sediments are sandy clays. These are thick in areas with highly mineralized groundwaters. Fresh groundwater is unable to permeate the thick clays to reach underlying sequences, by the overlying layers of sediment deposits have a lower salinity. In the western areas of the peninsula there are outcrops of low permeability clays from the Cretaceous, Palaogene, Neogene, and Lower Pilocene. These clays are deeper in the eastern areas and covered by Quaternary sediments. Although the peninsula is tectonically a southeast continuous of the Greater Caucasus, its Quaternary deposits are isolated.[4]
Climate
The Absheron Peninsula has a temperatesemi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSk) with warm and dry summers, cool and occasionally wet winters, and strong winds all year long. The peninsula is the most arid part of Azerbaijan (precipitation here is around or less than 200 mm (8 in) a year). The majority of the light annual precipitation occurs in seasons other than summer, but none of these seasons are particularly wet. The natural vegetation of the Absheron Peninsula is dry steppe and semi-desert. Due to the semi-arid climate, local agriculture requires irrigation.
Beginning in the 1870s, the Absheron Peninsula was the site of some of the world's earliest petroleum production. Much of the landscape remains scarred with rusting oil derricks. Despite serious problems with environmental damage and pollution, the Absheron is known for its flowers, horticulture, mulberries and figs. The northern coast has wide though less-than-pristine beaches which are popular local tourist attractions.
There are natural resources such as oil, lime, sand and salt in the peninsula. The peninsula has famous lakes like Masazir, Khojahasan and Boyuk Shor. Several ancient oil wells of the world are located in the Absheron Peninsula. Azerbaijan is in the first place for the variety of mud volcanoes in Absheron. 400 out of 800 mud volcanoes in the Asia (1100 in the world) are located within the Southern Caspian oil-gas basin as well as in the dry areas of Azerbaaijan and other islands in the water area of the Caspian Sea.
Main roads
The main highways of the country are in Baku and the Absheron Peninsula. These are the highways of Heydar Aliyev International Airport, Sea port, Baku Railway Station and others which connect the capital to other regions of the country. Major oil and gas pipelines go through here. Baku TRACECA (Transport Corridor Europe–the Caucasus–Asia) is the major point of the international traffic corridor. Within this project, Azerbaijan participates in the re-establishment of the historic Silk Road.
References
^Everett-Heath, John (2019-10-24). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780191882913.001.0001. ISBN978-0-19-188291-3.
^Malte-Brun's 1822 English translation - Universal Geography
^The State and the Subaltern: Modernization, Society and the State in Turkey and Iran
^ abR.G. Israfilov in Urban Groundwater Management and Sustainability (2006)
absheron, peninsula, azerbaijani, abşeron, yarımadası, peninsula, azerbaijan, location, baku, biggest, most, populous, city, country, also, baku, metropolitan, area, with, satellite, cities, sumqayit, khyrdalan, countryazerbaijanseatbaku, citysubdivisionslist,. The Absheron Peninsula Azerbaijani Abseron yarimadasi is a peninsula in Azerbaijan It is the location of Baku the biggest and the most populous city of the country and also the Baku metropolitan area with its satellite cities Sumqayit and Khyrdalan Absheron PeninsulaCountryAzerbaijanSeatBaku citySubdivisionsList Baku city Sumqayit city Absheron rayon Area Total2 110 km2 810 sq mi Population 2022 Total4 6 million Rank1st Density3 070 km2 8 000 sq mi Ethnicity Azerbaijani80 Other20 ISO 3166 codeAZ ABThere are three districts of which two are urban Baku and Sumqayit and one Absheron Rayon is suburban district in Absheron region It extends 60 km 37 mi eastward into the Caspian Sea and reaches a maximum width of 30 km 19 mi Though technically the easternmost extension of the Caucasus Mountains the landscape is only mildly hilly a gently undulating plain that ends in a long spit of sand dunes known as Shah Dili and now declared the Absheron National Park In this part the peninsula is dissected by ravines and characterized by frequent salt lakes Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Geography 4 Climate 5 Environmental issues 6 Economy 7 Natural resources 8 Main roads 9 References 10 External linksEtymology EditThe name Absheron comes from Persian ab suran salty waters 1 This also gave its name to the city of Apsheronsk in Russia According to Conrad Malte Brun in 1810 an alternative name for the peninsula was Okoressa 2 History EditDuring the late 19th century exploitation of the peninsula s petroleum resources caused large scale migrations of Iranian laborers to the Caucasus and Central Asia 3 Geography Edit Absheron peninsula with its municipalities are shown The Absheron peninsula is located in eastern Azerbaijan along the western coast of the Caspian Sea with layers of deposits from the Cretaceous Palaeogene Neogene Pliocene and Quaternary periods The lithological composition up to the Neogene layers is made up of clays sandy clays sands and limestones Middle Pliocene sediments are sandy clays These are thick in areas with highly mineralized groundwaters Fresh groundwater is unable to permeate the thick clays to reach underlying sequences by the overlying layers of sediment deposits have a lower salinity In the western areas of the peninsula there are outcrops of low permeability clays from the Cretaceous Palaogene Neogene and Lower Pilocene These clays are deeper in the eastern areas and covered by Quaternary sediments Although the peninsula is tectonically a southeast continuous of the Greater Caucasus its Quaternary deposits are isolated 4 Climate EditThe Absheron Peninsula has a temperate semi arid climate Koppen climate classification BSk with warm and dry summers cool and occasionally wet winters and strong winds all year long The peninsula is the most arid part of Azerbaijan precipitation here is around or less than 200 mm 8 in a year The majority of the light annual precipitation occurs in seasons other than summer but none of these seasons are particularly wet The natural vegetation of the Absheron Peninsula is dry steppe and semi desert Due to the semi arid climate local agriculture requires irrigation Environmental issues Edit Beluga sturgeon Petrochemical and refining industries on the peninsula have had environmental impacts on the Caspian Sea shore and the sea itself 4 Economy EditMain article Petroleum industry in Azerbaijan Bilgah Beach Hotel Caspian Sea Bilgah Seaside Beginning in the 1870s the Absheron Peninsula was the site of some of the world s earliest petroleum production Much of the landscape remains scarred with rusting oil derricks Despite serious problems with environmental damage and pollution the Absheron is known for its flowers horticulture mulberries and figs The northern coast has wide though less than pristine beaches which are popular local tourist attractions Wealthy people have settled in the Absheron Peninsula including Robert Nobel and Zeynalabdin Taghiyev Natural resources EditThere are natural resources such as oil lime sand and salt in the peninsula The peninsula has famous lakes like Masazir Khojahasan and Boyuk Shor Several ancient oil wells of the world are located in the Absheron Peninsula Azerbaijan is in the first place for the variety of mud volcanoes in Absheron 400 out of 800 mud volcanoes in the Asia 1100 in the world are located within the Southern Caspian oil gas basin as well as in the dry areas of Azerbaaijan and other islands in the water area of the Caspian Sea Main roads EditThe main highways of the country are in Baku and the Absheron Peninsula These are the highways of Heydar Aliyev International Airport Sea port Baku Railway Station and others which connect the capital to other regions of the country Major oil and gas pipelines go through here Baku TRACECA Transport Corridor Europe the Caucasus Asia is the major point of the international traffic corridor Within this project Azerbaijan participates in the re establishment of the historic Silk Road References Edit Everett Heath John 2019 10 24 The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 acref 9780191882913 001 0001 ISBN 978 0 19 188291 3 Malte Brun s 1822 English translation Universal Geography The State and the Subaltern Modernization Society and the State in Turkey and Iran a b R G Israfilov in Urban Groundwater Management and Sustainability 2006 External links EditGeography of Azerbaijan Short Documentary about pollution from chemical and oil industries on the peninsula Coordinates 40 27 50 N 49 57 30 E 40 46389 N 49 95833 E 40 46389 49 95833 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Absheron Peninsula amp oldid 1145768657, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
