In biology and ecology, abiotic components or abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems. Abiotic factors and the phenomena associated with them underpin biology as a whole. They affect a plethora of species, in all forms of environmental conditions, such as marine or land animals. Humans can make or change abiotic factors in a species' environment. For instance, fertilizers can affect a snail's habitat, or the greenhouse gases which humans utilize can change marine pH levels.
Abiotic components include physical conditions and non-living resources that affect living organisms in terms of growth, maintenance, and reproduction. Resources are distinguished as substances or objects in the environment required by one organism and consumed or otherwise made unavailable for use by other organisms.[1][2] Component degradation of a substance occurs by chemical or physical processes, e.g. hydrolysis. All non-living components of an ecosystem, such as atmospheric conditions and water resources, are called abiotic components.[3]
Many Archea require very high temperatures, pressures or unusual concentrations of chemical substances such as sulfur; this is due to their specialization into extreme conditions. In addition, fungi have also evolved to survive at the temperature, the humidity, and stability of their environment.[8]
For example, there is a significant difference in access in both water and humidity between temperate rain forests and deserts. This difference in water availability causes a diversity in the organisms that survive in these areas. These differences in abiotic components alter the species present both by creating boundaries of what species can survive within the environment, and influencing competition between two species. Abiotic factors such as salinity can give one species a competitive advantage over another, creating pressures that lead to speciation and alteration of a species to and from generalist and specialist competitors.[9]
See alsoedit
Biotic component, a living part of an ecosystem that affects and shapes it.
Abiogenesis, the gradual process of increasing complexity of non-living into living matter.
^Hogan, C. Benito (2010). . Encyclopedia of Earth. Washington, D.C.: National Council for Science and the Environment. Archived from the original on 2013-06-08.
^"Ocean Abiotic Factors" (PDF). National Geographic Society. 2011.
^Wang, Chuali; Guo, Longyun; Li, Yixue; Wang, Zhuo (2012). "Systematic Comparison of C3 and C4 Plants Based on Metabolic Network Analysis". BMC Systems Biology. 6 (59): S9. doi:10.1186/1752-0509-6-S2-S9. PMC3521184. PMID 23281598.
^(PDF). RSC: Advancing the Chemical Sciences. RSC. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-24. Retrieved 2017-05-05.
^. Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape. Archived from the original on 2005-04-25.
^Dunson, William A. (November 1991). "The Role of Abiotic Factors in Community Organization". The American Naturalist. 138 (5): 1067–1091. doi:10.1086/285270. JSTOR 2462508. S2CID 84867707.
February 16, 2024
abiotic, component, biology, ecology, abiotic, components, abiotic, factors, living, chemical, physical, parts, environment, that, affect, living, organisms, functioning, ecosystems, abiotic, factors, phenomena, associated, with, them, underpin, biology, whole. In biology and ecology abiotic components or abiotic factors are non living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems Abiotic factors and the phenomena associated with them underpin biology as a whole They affect a plethora of species in all forms of environmental conditions such as marine or land animals Humans can make or change abiotic factors in a species environment For instance fertilizers can affect a snail s habitat or the greenhouse gases which humans utilize can change marine pH levels Abiotic components include physical conditions and non living resources that affect living organisms in terms of growth maintenance and reproduction Resources are distinguished as substances or objects in the environment required by one organism and consumed or otherwise made unavailable for use by other organisms 1 2 Component degradation of a substance occurs by chemical or physical processes e g hydrolysis All non living components of an ecosystem such as atmospheric conditions and water resources are called abiotic components 3 Contents 1 Factors 2 Examples 3 See also 4 ReferencesFactors editIn biology abiotic factors can include water light radiation temperature humidity atmosphere acidity salinity precipitation altitude minerals tides rain dissolved oxygen nutrients and soil The macroscopic climate often influences each of the above Pressure and sound waves may also be considered in the context of marine or sub terrestrial environments 4 Abiotic factors in ocean environments also include aerial exposure substrate water clarity solar energy and tides 5 Consider the differences in the mechanics of C3 C4 and CAM plants in regulating the influx of carbon dioxide to the Calvin Benson Cycle in relation to their abiotic stressors C3 plants have no mechanisms to manage photorespiration whereas C4 and CAM plants utilize a separate PEP carboxylase enzyme to prevent photorespiration thus increasing the yield of photosynthetic processes in certain high energy environments 6 7 Examples editMany Archea require very high temperatures pressures or unusual concentrations of chemical substances such as sulfur this is due to their specialization into extreme conditions In addition fungi have also evolved to survive at the temperature the humidity and stability of their environment 8 For example there is a significant difference in access in both water and humidity between temperate rain forests and deserts This difference in water availability causes a diversity in the organisms that survive in these areas These differences in abiotic components alter the species present both by creating boundaries of what species can survive within the environment and influencing competition between two species Abiotic factors such as salinity can give one species a competitive advantage over another creating pressures that lead to speciation and alteration of a species to and from generalist and specialist competitors 9 See also editBiotic component a living part of an ecosystem that affects and shapes it Abiogenesis the gradual process of increasing complexity of non living into living matter Nitrogen cycle Phosphorus cycleReferences edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Abiotic component Ricklefs R E 2005 The Economy of Nature 6th edition WH Freeman USA Chapin F S III H A Mooney M C Chapin and P Matson 2011 Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology Springer New York Water Quality Vocabulary ISO 6107 6 1994 Hogan C Benito 2010 Abiotic factor Encyclopedia of Earth Washington D C National Council for Science and the Environment Archived from the original on 2013 06 08 Ocean Abiotic Factors PDF National Geographic Society 2011 Wang Chuali Guo Longyun Li Yixue Wang Zhuo 2012 Systematic Comparison of C3 and C4 Plants Based on Metabolic Network Analysis BMC Systems Biology 6 59 S9 doi 10 1186 1752 0509 6 S2 S9 PMC 3521184 PMID 23281598 Rubisco and C4 Plants PDF RSC Advancing the Chemical Sciences RSC Archived from the original PDF on 2016 03 24 Retrieved 2017 05 05 Abiotic Components Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology University of the Western Cape Archived from the original on 2005 04 25 Dunson William A November 1991 The Role of Abiotic Factors in Community Organization The American Naturalist 138 5 1067 1091 doi 10 1086 285270 JSTOR 2462508 S2CID 84867707 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Abiotic component amp oldid 1194851541, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
