"A calorie is a calorie" is a tautology used to convey the thermodynamic concept that a "calorie" is a sufficient way to describe the energy content of food.
In 1878, German nutritionist Max Rubner crafted what he called the "isodynamic law".[1] The law claims that the basis of nutrition is the exchange of energy,[2] and was applied to the study of obesity in the early 1900s by Carl von Noorden. Von Noorden had two theories about what caused people to develop obesity. The first simply avowed Rubner's notion that "a calorie is a calorie". The second theorized that obesity development depends on how the body partitions calories for either use or storage.[1] Since 1925, the calorie has been defined in terms of the joule; the current definition of the calorie was formally adopted in 1948.[3]
The related concept of "calorie in, calorie out" is contested by some,[by whom?][4] despite having become a commonly held and frequently referenced belief in nutritionism.[citation needed]
Calorie counting
Calorie amounts found on food labels are based on the Atwater system.[5] The accuracy of the system is disputed, despite no real proposed alternatives. For example, a 2012 study by a USDA scientist concluded that the measured energy content of a sample of almonds was 32% lower than the estimated Atwater value.[6] The driving mechanism behind caloric intake is absorption, which occurs largely in the small intestine and distributes nutrients to the circulatory and lymphatic capillaries by means of osmosis, diffusion and active transport. Fat, in particular is emulsified by bile produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder where it is released to the small intestine via the bile duct. A relatively lesser amount of absorption—composed primarily of water—occurs in the large intestine.
A kilocalorie is the equivalent of 1000 calories or one dietary Calorie, which contains 4184 joules of energy. The human body is a highly complex biochemical system that undergoes processes which regulate energy balance. The metabolic pathways for protein are less efficient than the metabolic pathways for carbohydrates and fat.[citation needed] Protein contains four calories per gram, although a large part of the calories are lost as heat when metabolised by the body.[7]
^ abTaubes, Gary (30 June 2012). "What Really Makes Us Fat". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
^The Biochmeical Journal, Volume 16. Biochemical Society. 1922. p. 751.
^Andrews, A. (2015). "Calorie". Black's Veterinary Dictionary.
^Taubes, Gary (24 September 2007). "The Scientist and the Stairmaster". New York Magazine. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
^Maynard, Leonard (1944). "The Atwater system of calculating the caloric value of diets". The Journal of Nutrition. 28 (6): 443–452. doi:10.1093/jn/28.6.443.
^Nesheim, Nestle, Malden, Marion (2012-09-20). "Is a Calorie a Calorie?". PBS NOVA. Retrieved 2013-05-08.
^. Authority Nutrition. 2016. Archived from the original on 2017-05-23.
April 16, 2023
calorie, calorie, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, some, this, article, listed, sources, reliable, please, help, this, article, looking, better, more, re. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages Some of this article s listed sources may not be reliable Please help this article by looking for better more reliable sources Unreliable citations may be challenged or deleted November 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message The neutrality of this article is disputed Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met March 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message A calorie is a calorie is a tautology used to convey the thermodynamic concept that a calorie is a sufficient way to describe the energy content of food Contents 1 History 2 Calorie counting 3 See also 4 ReferencesHistory EditIn 1878 German nutritionist Max Rubner crafted what he called the isodynamic law 1 The law claims that the basis of nutrition is the exchange of energy 2 and was applied to the study of obesity in the early 1900s by Carl von Noorden Von Noorden had two theories about what caused people to develop obesity The first simply avowed Rubner s notion that a calorie is a calorie The second theorized that obesity development depends on how the body partitions calories for either use or storage 1 Since 1925 the calorie has been defined in terms of the joule the current definition of the calorie was formally adopted in 1948 3 The related concept of calorie in calorie out is contested by some by whom 4 despite having become a commonly held and frequently referenced belief in nutritionism citation needed Calorie counting EditCalorie amounts found on food labels are based on the Atwater system 5 The accuracy of the system is disputed despite no real proposed alternatives For example a 2012 study by a USDA scientist concluded that the measured energy content of a sample of almonds was 32 lower than the estimated Atwater value 6 The driving mechanism behind caloric intake is absorption which occurs largely in the small intestine and distributes nutrients to the circulatory and lymphatic capillaries by means of osmosis diffusion and active transport Fat in particular is emulsified by bile produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder where it is released to the small intestine via the bile duct A relatively lesser amount of absorption composed primarily of water occurs in the large intestine A kilocalorie is the equivalent of 1000 calories or one dietary Calorie which contains 4184 joules of energy The human body is a highly complex biochemical system that undergoes processes which regulate energy balance The metabolic pathways for protein are less efficient than the metabolic pathways for carbohydrates and fat citation needed Protein contains four calories per gram although a large part of the calories are lost as heat when metabolised by the body 7 See also EditBasal metabolic rate Dieting Empty calorie Management of obesity Metabolism Physical exercise Scientific control Sleep and metabolismReferences Edit a b Taubes Gary 30 June 2012 What Really Makes Us Fat The New York Times Retrieved 25 April 2013 The Biochmeical Journal Volume 16 Biochemical Society 1922 p 751 Andrews A 2015 Calorie Black s Veterinary Dictionary Taubes Gary 24 September 2007 The Scientist and the Stairmaster New York Magazine Retrieved 8 May 2013 Maynard Leonard 1944 The Atwater system of calculating the caloric value of diets The Journal of Nutrition 28 6 443 452 doi 10 1093 jn 28 6 443 Nesheim Nestle Malden Marion 2012 09 20 Is a Calorie a Calorie PBS NOVA Retrieved 2013 05 08 A calorie is NOT a calorie Authority Nutrition 2016 Archived from the original on 2017 05 23 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title A calorie is a calorie amp oldid 1140616663, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
