The cuneiformDAGAL sign, which is a capital letter (majuscule) Sumerogram with the Akkadian language meaning of to be wide, or extensive; also "many", Akkadian "rapāšu",[2] is a minor usage cuneiform sign used in the Amarna letters and the Epic of Gilgamesh. An equivalent usage sign for DAGAL is used in the Amarna letters, gáb, for Akkadian language "gabbu",[3] (for "many", "much", "all (of us)", etc.) and is found in such letters as EA 362, EA 367, and others. Gáb has other syllabic values, which are used for separate Akkadian word components.
Cuneiform sign for DAGAL, a sumerogram. (In the Epic of Gilgamesh, also the cuneiform sign for sumerogram AMA.)Amarna letter EA 9-(Reverse), Burna Buriash to Pharaoh, "Ancient Loyalties, New Requests".[1] Use of DAGAL on obverse with "gold"-(KUG.GI), and "men-extensive"-(ṣābu-extensive): (lines 15-16), "...Now work temple to be much, since-(ul-tu), men extensive...." (Photo: not high resolution, and "out-of-focus".)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to DAGAL (extensive Sumerogram).
DAGAL is an extremely rectangular-shaped sign; however its usage in EA 325, for supplying "extensive" provisions, then repeating after a list of six provisions, the sign is added a 2nd time. Both of the signs in EA 325 are identical, and are more 'angular'-(non-parallel horizontals) than rectangular. On the other hand, gáb is rectangular, but shorter than DAGAL, and has other syllabic uses. Gáb and DAGAL are easily identified by the 2-small-vertical strokes, located at the cuneiform sign – left, and are at various angles other than vertical (angled opposite, downward, to-the-left). The components (pictured as An, An (cuneiform)) at both sign's right, are less easily discernible, or are ligatured with the tall vertical stroke, that anchors the right side of the cuneiform sign. (Older version of DAGAL: .)
The more ancient use of "AMA", AMA.GI, sign used in Ama-gi. The star-(inside AMA) is an older use of the sign for 'god', DINGIR determinative, equivalent to the later use of "An", for DINGIR, as determinative.
In EA 9, the DAGAL sign is used many times in Paragraph (2); DAGAL is not as long, lengthwise as in EA 325. EA 9 is a complex story of only three paragraphs, but as the photo shows of the reverse (pictured above, last 2/3 of Paragraph (3)), the text is relatively compact. The text of EA 325 is a Canaanite text, with wide spaces, mostly, between individual cuneiform signs. EA 9's signs have spaces, but typically only between phrases, or as segue spacing-points of emphasis.
Epic of Gilgamesh usage of "AMA"edit
In the Epic of Gilgamesh, the sign is also used for the sumerogramAMA, for Akkadian language "ummu",[4] for "mother". The usage numbers for AMA, and DAGAL in the Epic are as follows:[5] AMA-(15 times), DAGAL-(4). For the dictionary entry of umma in the Epic (Parpola, Glossary, 1971), there are 7 other spellings of umma which are syllabic/alphabetic; these are besides the common use of AMA, (mostly scribed with other alphabetics/syllables attached).
Rainey, 1970. El Amarna Tablets, 359-379,Anson F. Rainey, (AOAT 8, Alter Orient Altes Testament 8, Kevelaer and Neukirchen -Vluyen), 1970, 107 pages.
Ugarit Forschungen (Neukirchen-Vluyn). UF-11 (1979) honors Claude Schaeffer, with about 100 articles in 900 pages. pp 95, ff, "Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian", author Giorgio Buccellati, ( i.e. Ugarit and Amarna (letters), three others, Mari, OB,Royal, OB,non-Royal letters).
January 01, 1970
dagal, cuneiform, sign, which, capital, letter, majuscule, sumerogram, with, akkadian, language, meaning, wide, extensive, also, many, akkadian, rapāšu, minor, usage, cuneiform, sign, used, amarna, letters, epic, gilgamesh, equivalent, usage, sign, used, amarn. The cuneiform DAGAL sign which is a capital letter majuscule Sumerogram with the Akkadian language meaning of to be wide or extensive also many Akkadian rapasu 2 is a minor usage cuneiform sign used in the Amarna letters and the Epic of Gilgamesh An equivalent usage sign for DAGAL is used in the Amarna letters gab for Akkadian language gabbu 3 for many much all of us etc and is found in such letters as EA 362 EA 367 and others Gab has other syllabic values which are used for separate Akkadian word components Cuneiform sign for DAGAL a sumerogram In the Epic of Gilgamesh also the cuneiform sign for sumerogram AMA Amarna letter EA 9 Reverse Burna Buriash to Pharaoh Ancient Loyalties New Requests 1 Use of DAGAL on obverse with gold KUG GI and men extensive ṣabu extensive lines 15 16 Now work temple to be much since ul tu men extensive Photo not high resolution and out of focus Wikimedia Commons has media related to DAGAL extensive Sumerogram DAGAL is an extremely rectangular shaped sign however its usage in EA 325 for supplying extensive provisions then repeating after a list of six provisions the sign is added a 2nd time Both of the signs in EA 325 are identical and are more angular non parallel horizontals than rectangular On the other hand gab is rectangular but shorter than DAGAL and has other syllabic uses Gab and DAGAL are easily identified by the 2 small vertical strokes located at the cuneiform sign left and are at various angles other than vertical angled opposite downward to the left The components pictured as An An cuneiform at both sign s right are less easily discernible or are ligatured with the tall vertical stroke that anchors the right side of the cuneiform sign Older version of DAGAL The more ancient use of AMA AMA GI sign used in Ama gi The star inside AMA is an older use of the sign for god DINGIR determinative equivalent to the later use of An for DINGIR as determinative In EA 9 the DAGAL sign is used many times in Paragraph 2 DAGAL is not as long lengthwise as in EA 325 EA 9 is a complex story of only three paragraphs but as the photo shows of the reverse pictured above last 2 3 of Paragraph 3 the text is relatively compact The text of EA 325 is a Canaanite text with wide spaces mostly between individual cuneiform signs EA 9 s signs have spaces but typically only between phrases or as segue spacing points of emphasis Epic of Gilgamesh usage of AMA editIn the Epic of Gilgamesh the sign is also used for the sumerogram AMA for Akkadian language ummu 4 for mother The usage numbers for AMA and DAGAL in the Epic are as follows 5 AMA 15 times DAGAL 4 For the dictionary entry of umma in the Epic Parpola Glossary 1971 there are 7 other spellings of umma which are syllabic alphabetic these are besides the common use of AMA mostly scribed with other alphabetics syllables attached See also editFor AMA Ama gi Alan D Eames Beer anthropologist clay tablets and Mesopotamian Gods 4 000 BC Ama arhus For DAGAL Amarna letter EA 9References edit Moran William L 1987 1992 The Amarna Letters EA 365 Ancient Loyalties New Requests p 18 19 Parpola 1971 The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh Glossary pp 119 145 rapasu p 137 Rainey 1970 El Amarna Tablets 359 379 Glossary Vocabulary gabbu pp 55 87 p 63 Parpola 1971 The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh Glossary pp 119 145 ummu p 144 Parpola 1971 The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh Sign List pp 155 165 no 237 p 159 Moran William L 1987 1992 The Amarna Letters Johns Hopkins University Press 1987 1992 393 pages softcover ISBN 0 8018 6715 0 Parpola 1971 The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh Parpola Simo Neo Assyrian Text Corpus Project c 1997 Tablet I thru Tablet XII Index of Names Sign List and Glossary pp 119 145 165 pages Rainey 1970 El Amarna Tablets 359 379 Anson F Rainey AOAT 8 Alter Orient Altes Testament 8 Kevelaer and Neukirchen Vluyen 1970 107 pages Ugarit Forschungen Neukirchen Vluyn UF 11 1979 honors Claude Schaeffer with about 100 articles in 900 pages pp 95 ff Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian author Giorgio Buccellati i e Ugarit and Amarna letters three others Mari OB Royal OB non Royal letters Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title DAGAL amp oldid 1092666728, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
