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716 Berkeley

March 14, 2024

716 Berkeley (prov. designation: A911 OC or 1911 MD) is a background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Vienna Observatory on 30 July 1911.[1] The stony S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 15.6 hours and measures approximately 21 kilometers (13 miles) in diameter. It was named after the city of Berkeley, California, where the discoverer's colleague Armin Otto Leuschner (1868–1953) was the director of the local observatory.[3]

716 Berkeley
Discovery [1]
Discovered byJ. Palisa
Discovery siteVienna Obs.
Discovery date30 July 1911
Designations
(716) Berkeley
Pronunciation/ˈbɜːrkliː/[2]
Named after
Berkeley [3]
(U.S. City, California)
A911 OC · 1947 CH
1952 FA · A906 OB
1911 MD
Orbital characteristics [4]
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc113.32 yr (41,390 d)
Aphelion3.0557 AU
Perihelion2.5682 AU
2.8120 AU
Eccentricity0.0867
4.72 yr (1,722 d)
136.21°
0° 12m 32.4s / day
Inclination8.4872°
145.89°
56.811°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
15.55±0.04 h[12][a]

Orbit and classification edit

Berkeley is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[5][6][7] It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.6–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 9 months (1,722 days; semi-major axis of 2.81 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 8° with respect to the ecliptic.[4] The body's observation arc begins with its first observation at Heidelberg on 16 July 1906, five years prior to its official discovery observation by Johann Palisa at Vienna.[1]

Naming edit

According to Alexander Schnell, this minor planet was named by the discoverer after the U.S. city of Berkeley in California, where American astronomer and colleague Armin Otto Leuschner (1868–1953) was a long-time director at the Leuschner Observatory (then called Students' Observatory). Known for his books Celestial Mechanics and The Minor Planets of the Hecuba Group, Leuschner worked on the orbit determination of 719 Albert, which was originally discovered by Palisa in 1911 but remained a lost asteroid until 2000. The naming citation was not mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955.[3] Palisa also named asteroid 718 Erida after Leuschner's daughter. The lunar crater Leuschner and asteroid 1361 Leuschneria, discovered by Eugène Delporte in 1935, were later named directly after the American astronomer.

Physical characteristics edit

In both the Tholen and SMASS classification, Berkeley is a common, stony S-type asteroid.[4] It is also an S-type in the Bus–DeMeo classification,[13] while in the Tholen- and SMASS-like taxonomic variants of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2), this asteroid is a K-type and Sq-subtype which transitions to the uncommon Q-type, respectively.[6][14]

Rotation period edit

In May 2009, a rotational lightcurve of Berkeley was obtained from photometric observations by American amateur astronomer Joe Garlitz at his Elgin Observatory in Oregon. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 15.55±0.04 hours with a brightness variation of 0.25±0.03 magnitude (U=2+).[a] Lower rated lightcurves obtained by Claes-Ingvar Lagerkvist in 1977, and by David Romeuf in 2018, gave a divergent period of larger than 17 h and 34.3±0.6 h with an amplitude of larger than 0.2 and 0.25±0.02 magnitude, respectively (U=1/2).[15][16]

Diameter and albedo edit

According to the surveys carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, and the Japanese Akari satellite, Berkeley measures (19.768±0.167), (21.28±1.5) and (21.55±0.57) kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of (0.220±0.045), (0.1801±0.028) and (0.182±0.011), respectively.[8][9][10][11]

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.2027 and a diameter of 21.38 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.7.[12] Alternative mean-diameters published by the WISE team include (21.519±0.054 km) and (21.89±0.78 km) with a corresponding albedo of (0.1808±0.0518) and (0.170±0.017).[6][12]

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b Lightcurve plot of (716) Berkeley. Rotation period 15.577 hours by Joe Garlitz (2009). Quality code is 2+. Summary figures at the LCDB and J. Garlitz () websites.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e "716 Berkeley (A911 OC)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
  2. ^ Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language. (Of the two pronunciations, the first is used for UC Berkeley.)
  3. ^ a b c Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(716) Berkeley". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 69. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_717. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 716 Berkeley (A911 OC)" (2019-11-10 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
  5. ^ a b "Asteroid 716 Berkeley – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
  6. ^ a b c d "Asteroid 716 Berkeley". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
  7. ^ a b Zappalà, V.; Bendjoya, Ph.; Cellino, A.; Farinella, P.; Froeschle, C. (1997). "Asteroid Dynamical Families". NASA Planetary Data System: EAR-A-5-DDR-FAMILY-V4.1. Retrieved 16 June 2020.} (PDS main page)
  8. ^ a b c d Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; Kramer, E. A.; Masiero, J. R.; et al. (June 2016). "NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0". NASA Planetary Data System: EAR-A-COMPIL-5-NEOWISEDIAM-V1.0. Bibcode:2016PDSS..247.....M. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
  9. ^ a b Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. S2CID 119293330.
  10. ^ a b c d Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
  11. ^ a b c d Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
  12. ^ a b c "LCDB Data for (716) Berkeley". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 16 June 2020.
  13. ^ DeMeo, Francesca E.; Binzel, Richard P.; Slivan, Stephen M.; Bus, Schelte J. (July 2009). (PDF). Icarus. 202 (1): 160–180. Bibcode:2009Icar..202..160D. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.02.005. Archived from the original on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2020. (Catalog at PDS)
  14. ^ Lazzaro, D.; Angeli, C. A.; Carvano, J. M.; Mothé-Diniz, T.; Duffard, R.; Florczak, M. (November 2004). "S3OS2: the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids" (PDF). Icarus. 172 (1): 179–220. Bibcode:2004Icar..172..179L. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.006. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
  15. ^ Lagerkvist, C.-I. (December 1977). "Photographic Photometry of the Asteroids 716 Berkeley and 1245 Calvinia". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 34: 203. Bibcode:1978A&AS...34..203L.
  16. ^ Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (716) Berkeley". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 15 June 2020.

External links edit

  • Lightcurve Database Query (LCDB), at www.minorplanet.info
  • Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
  • Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Geneva Observatory, Raoul Behrend
  • Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
  • 716 Berkeley at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
    • Ephemeris · Observation prediction · Orbital info · Proper elements · Observational info
  • 716 Berkeley at the JPL Small-Body Database  
    • Close approach · Discovery · Ephemeris · Orbit diagram · Orbital elements · Physical parameters

March 14, 2024
berkeley, prov, designation, a911, 1911, background, asteroid, from, central, regions, asteroid, belt, discovered, austrian, astronomer, johann, palisa, vienna, observatory, july, 1911, stony, type, asteroid, rotation, period, hours, measures, approximately, k. 716 Berkeley prov designation A911 OC or 1911 MD is a background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt It was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Vienna Observatory on 30 July 1911 1 The stony S type asteroid has a rotation period of 15 6 hours and measures approximately 21 kilometers 13 miles in diameter It was named after the city of Berkeley California where the discoverer s colleague Armin Otto Leuschner 1868 1953 was the director of the local observatory 3 716 BerkeleyDiscovery 1 Discovered byJ PalisaDiscovery siteVienna Obs Discovery date30 July 1911DesignationsMPC designation 716 BerkeleyPronunciation ˈ b ɜːr k l iː 2 Named afterBerkeley 3 U S City California Alternative designationsA911 OC 1947 CH1952 FA A906 OB1911 MDMinor planet categorymain belt 1 4 middle background 5 6 7 Orbital characteristics 4 Epoch 31 May 2020 JD 2459000 5 Uncertainty parameter 0Observation arc113 32 yr 41 390 d Aphelion3 0557 AUPerihelion2 5682 AUSemi major axis2 8120 AUEccentricity0 0867Orbital period sidereal 4 72 yr 1 722 d Mean anomaly136 21 Mean motion0 12m 32 4s dayInclination8 4872 Longitude of ascending node145 89 Argument of perihelion56 811 Physical characteristicsMean diameter19 768 0 167 km 8 9 21 28 1 5 km 10 21 55 0 57 km 11 Synodic rotation period15 55 0 04 h 12 a Geometric albedo0 1801 0 028 10 0 182 0 011 11 0 220 0 045 8 Spectral typeTholen S 4 SMASS S 4 B V 0 860 0 068 4 U B 0 351 0 068 4 Absolute magnitude H 10 7 1 4 10 84 8 10 11 Contents 1 Orbit and classification 2 Naming 3 Physical characteristics 3 1 Rotation period 3 2 Diameter and albedo 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksOrbit and classification editBerkeley is a non family asteroid of the main belt s background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements 5 6 7 It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2 6 3 1 AU once every 4 years and 9 months 1 722 days semi major axis of 2 81 AU Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0 09 and an inclination of 8 with respect to the ecliptic 4 The body s observation arc begins with its first observation at Heidelberg on 16 July 1906 five years prior to its official discovery observation by Johann Palisa at Vienna 1 Naming editAccording to Alexander Schnell this minor planet was named by the discoverer after the U S city of Berkeley in California where American astronomer and colleague Armin Otto Leuschner 1868 1953 was a long time director at the Leuschner Observatory then called Students Observatory Known for his books Celestial Mechanics and The Minor Planets of the Hecuba Group Leuschner worked on the orbit determination of 719 Albert which was originally discovered by Palisa in 1911 but remained a lost asteroid until 2000 The naming citation was not mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 3 Palisa also named asteroid 718 Erida after Leuschner s daughter The lunar crater Leuschner and asteroid 1361 Leuschneria discovered by Eugene Delporte in 1935 were later named directly after the American astronomer Physical characteristics editIn both the Tholen and SMASS classification Berkeley is a common stony S type asteroid 4 It is also an S type in the Bus DeMeo classification 13 while in the Tholen and SMASS like taxonomic variants of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey S3OS2 this asteroid is a K type and Sq subtype which transitions to the uncommon Q type respectively 6 14 Rotation period edit In May 2009 a rotational lightcurve of Berkeley was obtained from photometric observations by American amateur astronomer Joe Garlitz at his Elgin Observatory in Oregon Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 15 55 0 04 hours with a brightness variation of 0 25 0 03 magnitude U 2 a Lower rated lightcurves obtained by Claes Ingvar Lagerkvist in 1977 and by David Romeuf in 2018 gave a divergent period of larger than 17 h and 34 3 0 6 h with an amplitude of larger than 0 2 and 0 25 0 02 magnitude respectively U 1 2 15 16 Diameter and albedo edit According to the surveys carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA s Wide field Infrared Survey Explorer WISE the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS and the Japanese Akari satellite Berkeley measures 19 768 0 167 21 28 1 5 and 21 55 0 57 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0 220 0 045 0 1801 0 028 and 0 182 0 011 respectively 8 9 10 11 The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0 2027 and a diameter of 21 38 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10 7 12 Alternative mean diameters published by the WISE team include 21 519 0 054 km and 21 89 0 78 km with a corresponding albedo of 0 1808 0 0518 and 0 170 0 017 6 12 Notes edit a b Lightcurve plot of 716 Berkeley Rotation period 15 577 hours by Joe Garlitz 2009 Quality code is 2 Summary figures at the LCDB and J Garlitz archived websites References edit a b c d e 716 Berkeley A911 OC Minor Planet Center Retrieved 16 June 2020 Noah Webster 1884 A Practical Dictionary of the English Language Of the two pronunciations the first is used for UC Berkeley a b c Schmadel Lutz D 2007 716 Berkeley Dictionary of Minor Planet Names Springer Berlin Heidelberg p 69 doi 10 1007 978 3 540 29925 7 717 ISBN 978 3 540 00238 3 a b c d e f g h i JPL Small Body Database Browser 716 Berkeley A911 OC 2019 11 10 last obs Jet Propulsion Laboratory Retrieved 16 June 2020 a b Asteroid 716 Berkeley Proper Elements AstDyS 2 Asteroids Dynamic Site Retrieved 16 June 2020 a b c d Asteroid 716 Berkeley Small Bodies Data Ferret Retrieved 16 June 2020 a b Zappala V Bendjoya Ph Cellino A Farinella P Froeschle C 1997 Asteroid Dynamical Families NASA Planetary Data System EAR A 5 DDR FAMILY V4 1 Retrieved 16 June 2020 PDS main page a b c d Mainzer A K Bauer J M Cutri R M Grav T Kramer E A Masiero J R et al June 2016 NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1 0 NASA Planetary Data System EAR A COMPIL 5 NEOWISEDIAM V1 0 Bibcode 2016PDSS 247 M Retrieved 16 June 2020 a b Masiero Joseph R Grav T Mainzer A K Nugent C R Bauer J M Stevenson R et al August 2014 Main belt Asteroids with WISE NEOWISE Near infrared Albedos The Astrophysical Journal 791 2 11 arXiv 1406 6645 Bibcode 2014ApJ 791 121M doi 10 1088 0004 637X 791 2 121 S2CID 119293330 a b c d Tedesco E F Noah P V Noah M Price S D October 2004 IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6 0 NASA Planetary Data System 12 IRAS A FPA 3 RDR IMPS V6 0 Bibcode 2004PDSS 12 T Retrieved 16 June 2020 a b c d Usui Fumihiko Kuroda Daisuke Muller Thomas G Hasegawa Sunao Ishiguro Masateru Ootsubo Takafumi et al October 2011 Asteroid Catalog Using Akari AKARI IRC Mid Infrared Asteroid Survey Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63 5 1117 1138 Bibcode 2011PASJ 63 1117U doi 10 1093 pasj 63 5 1117 online AcuA catalog p 153 a b c LCDB Data for 716 Berkeley Asteroid Lightcurve Database LCDB Retrieved 16 June 2020 DeMeo Francesca E Binzel Richard P Slivan Stephen M Bus Schelte J July 2009 An extension of the Bus asteroid taxonomy into the near infrared PDF Icarus 202 1 160 180 Bibcode 2009Icar 202 160D doi 10 1016 j icarus 2009 02 005 Archived from the original on 17 March 2014 Retrieved 28 September 2020 Catalog at PDS Lazzaro D Angeli C A Carvano J M Mothe Diniz T Duffard R Florczak M November 2004 S3OS2 the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids PDF Icarus 172 1 179 220 Bibcode 2004Icar 172 179L doi 10 1016 j icarus 2004 06 006 Retrieved 16 June 2020 Lagerkvist C I December 1977 Photographic Photometry of the Asteroids 716 Berkeley and 1245 Calvinia Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement 34 203 Bibcode 1978A amp AS 34 203L Behrend Raoul Asteroids and comets rotation curves 716 Berkeley Geneva Observatory Retrieved 15 June 2020 External links editLightcurve Database Query LCDB at www minorplanet info Dictionary of Minor Planet Names Google books Asteroids and comets rotation curves CdR Geneva Observatory Raoul Behrend Discovery Circumstances Numbered Minor Planets 1 5000 Minor Planet Center 716 Berkeley at AstDyS 2 Asteroids Dynamic Site Ephemeris Observation prediction Orbital info Proper elements Observational info 716 Berkeley at the JPL Small Body Database nbsp Close approach Discovery Ephemeris Orbit diagram Orbital elements Physical parameters Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 716 Berkeley amp oldid 1191340977, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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