The brighter star of the two is a solar analog—meaning it has physical properties that make it similar to the Sun. It has 10% more mass and a radius 17% larger than the Sun, with an estimated age of four billion years. The spectrum of this star matches a stellar classification of F8 V, which indicates this is a main sequence star that is generating energy at its core through the nuclear fusion of hydrogen. The energy is being radiated into space from its outer envelope at an effective temperature of 6,066 K. This gives the star the characteristic yellow-white hue of an F-type star.[13]
The fainter of the two stars has an apparent magnitude 8.86 and shares a common proper motion witIts spectral type of K7Ve indicates it is a red dwarf. Its has a mass 60% of the Sun's, a temperature of 4,132 K and a bolometric luminosity only 1% of the Sun's.
36 Ursae Majoris has a second companion with a magnitude of 11.44 located at an angular separation of 240.6″ along a position angle of 292°, as of 2004.[14] It does not share the proper motion of the other two stars and is a more massive and luminous star but much further away.[15]
Hunt for substellar objectsEdit
According to Nelson & Angel (1998),[16] 36 Ursae Majoris could host one or two (or at least three) jovian planets (or even brown dwarfs) at wide separations from the host star, with orbital periods of 10–15, 25 and 50 years respectively. The authors have set upper limits of 1.1–2, 5.3 and 24 Jupiter masses for the putative planetary objects. Also Lippincott (1983)[17] had previously noticed the possible presence of a massive unseen companion (with nearly 70 times the mass of Jupiter, just below the stellar regime, thus a brown dwarf). Putative parameters for the substellar object show an orbital period of 18 years and quite a high eccentricity (e=0.8). Even Campbell et al. 1988[18] inferred the existence of planetary objects or even brown dwarfs less massive than 14 Jupiter masses around 36 Ursae Majoris.
Nevertheless, no certain planetary companion has yet been detected or confirmed. The McDonald Observatory team has set limits to the presence of one or more planets[19] with masses between 0.13 and 2.5 Jupiter masses and average separations spanning between 0.05 and 5.2 AU.
An infrared excess has been detected around this star, most likely indicating the presence of a circumstellar disk at a radius of 38.6 AU. The temperature of this dust is 50 K.[20]
ReferencesEdit
^ abcdefghijklmVallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
^ abcJohnson, H. L.; et al. (1966), "UBVRIJKL photometry of the bright stars", Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, 4 (99): 99, Bibcode:1966CoLPL...4...99J
^ abcdeVallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
^ abcdStassun, Keivan G.; et al. (9 September 2019), "The Revised TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List", The Astronomical Journal, 158 (4): 138, arXiv:1905.10694, Bibcode:2019AJ....158..138S, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab3467, eISSN 1538-3881.
^Deka-Szymankiewicz, B.; et al. (2018), "The Penn State - Toruń Centre for Astronomy Planet Search stars. IV. Dwarfs and the complete sample", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 615: A31, arXiv:1801.02899, Bibcode:2018A&A...615A..31D, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731696, S2CID 85526201.
^ abBoro Saikia, S.; et al. (2018), "Chromospheric activity catalogue of 4454 cool stars. Questioning the active branch of stellar activity cycles", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 616: A108, arXiv:1803.11123, Bibcode:2018A&A...616A.108B, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629518, S2CID 118915212.
^Nordström, B.; et al. (May 2004), "The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of ˜14 000 F and G dwarfs", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 418 (3): 989–1019, arXiv:astro-ph/0405198, Bibcode:2004A&A...418..989N, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20035959, S2CID 11027621
^ abLlorente de Andrés, F.; Chavero, C.; de la Reza, R.; Roca-Fàbrega, S.; Cifuentes, C. (October 2021), "The evolution of lithium in FGK dwarf stars", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 654: A137, arXiv:2108.05852, Bibcode:2021A&A...654A.137L, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141339, eISSN 1432-0746, ISSN 0004-6361.
^ abcGaidos, Eric; Mann, Andrew W. (August 2014), "M dwarf metallicities and giant planet occurrence: ironing out uncertainties and systematics", The Astrophysical Journal, 791 (1): 9, arXiv:1406.4071, Bibcode:2014ApJ...791...54G, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/1/54, S2CID 118744016, 54.
^López-Valdivia, Ricardo; Mace, Gregory N.; Sokal, Kimberly R.; Hussaini, Maryam; Kidder, Benjamin T.; Mann, Andrew W.; Gosnell, Natalie M.; Oh, Heeyoung; Kesseli, Aurora Y.; Muirhead, Philip S.; Johns-Krull, Christopher M.; Jaffe, Daniel T. (2019), "Effective Temperatures of Low-mass Stars from High-resolution H-band Spectroscopy", The Astrophysical Journal, 879 (2): 105, arXiv:1905.05076, Bibcode:2019ApJ...879..105L, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab2129, S2CID 152282781.
^Richey-Yowell, Tyler; Shkolnik, Evgenya L.; Schneider, Adam C.; Osby, Ella; Barman, Travis; Meadows, Victoria S. (2019), "HAZMAT. V. The Ultraviolet and X-Ray Evolution of K Stars", The Astrophysical Journal, 872 (1): 17, arXiv:1901.00502, Bibcode:2019ApJ...872...17R, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aafa74, S2CID 119423234.
^Mason, B. D.; et al. (2014), "The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog", The Astronomical Journal, 122 (6): 3466, Bibcode:2001AJ....122.3466M, doi:10.1086/323920, retrieved 2015-11-02.
^Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
^Nelson, A. F.; Angel, J. R. P. (June 1998), "The Range of Masses and Periods Explored by Radial Velocity Searches for Planetary Companions", The Astrophysical Journal, 500 (2): 940–957, arXiv:astro-ph/9802194, Bibcode:1998ApJ...500..940N, doi:10.1086/305741, S2CID 5533361.
^Lippincott, S. L. (1983), "An unseen companion to 36 Ursae Majoris a from analysis of plates taken with the Sproul 61-cm refractor", Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 95: 775, Bibcode:1983PASP...95..775L, doi:10.1086/131252, S2CID 120550865.
^Murdoch, Kaylene A.; Hearnshaw, J. B.; Clark, M. (August 1993), "A search for substellar companions to southern solar-type stars", Astrophysical Journal, Part 1, 413 (1): 349–363, Bibcode:1993ApJ...413..349M, doi:10.1086/173003.
^Wittemeyer; et al. (2006), "Detection Limits from the McDonald Observatory Planet Search Program", The Astronomical Journal, 132 (1): 177–188, arXiv:astro-ph/0604171, Bibcode:2006AJ....132..177W, doi:10.1086/504942, S2CID 16755455.
^Eiroa, C.; et al. (July 2013). "DUst around NEarby Stars. The survey observational results". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 555: A11. arXiv:1305.0155. Bibcode:2013A&A...555A..11E. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321050. S2CID 377244.
External linksEdit
The Range of Masses and Periods Explored by Radial Velocity Searches for Planetary Companions
An unseen companion to 36 Ursae Majoris A from analysis of plates taken with the Sproul 61-CM refractor
A search for substellar companions to southern solar-type stars
Detection Limits from the McDonald Observatory Planet Search Program
October 15, 2023
ursae, majoris, double, star, northern, constellation, ursa, major, with, apparent, visual, magnitude, seen, with, naked, suitable, dark, skies, based, upon, parallax, measurements, this, binary, lies, distance, light, years, parsecs, from, earth, observation,. 36 Ursae Majoris is a double star 5 in the northern constellation of Ursa Major With an apparent visual magnitude of 4 8 it can be seen with the naked eye in suitable dark skies Based upon parallax measurements this binary lies at a distance of 42 light years 13 parsecs from Earth 36 Ursae Majoris Observation dataEpoch J2000 0 Equinox J2000 0Constellation Ursa MajorARight ascension 10h 30m 37 5793s 1 Declination 55 58 49 940 1 Apparent magnitude V 4 82 2 BRight ascension 10h 30m 25 3089s 3 Declination 55 59 56 855 3 Apparent magnitude V 8 86 4 CharacteristicsAEvolutionary stage main sequenceSpectral type F8 V 5 U B color index 0 01 2 B V color index 0 52 2 BEvolutionary stage main sequenceSpectral type K7Ve 6 B V color index 1 34 7 AstrometryARadial velocity Rv 8 57 1 km sProper motion m RA 177 045 1 mas yr Dec 32 634 1 mas yrParallax p 77 2485 0 0805 mas 1 Distance42 22 0 04 ly 12 95 0 01 pc Absolute magnitude MV 4 29 8 BRadial velocity Rv 8 67 3 km sProper motion m RA 182 443 3 mas yr Dec 32 034 1 mas yrParallax p 77 4072 0 0182 mas 3 Distance42 135 0 010 ly 12 919 0 003 pc Absolute magnitude MV 8 2 7 DetailsAMass1 10 1 M Radius1 17 1 R Luminosity1 69 1 L Surface gravity log g 4 4 23 1 cgsTemperature6 066 1 KMetallicity Fe H 0 09 9 dexRotational velocity v sin i 1 50 9 km sAge4 0 1 GyrBMass0 626 4 M Radius0 648 4 R Luminosity0 10 10 L Surface gravity log g 4 61 4 cgsTemperature4 132 10 KMetallicity Fe H 0 08 10 dexRotational velocity v sin i 9 11 km sAge5 12 GyrOther designations36 Ursae Majoris WDS J10306 5559 5 A BD 56 1459 FK5 394 HD 90839 HIP 51459 HR 4112 SAO 27670B BD 56 1458 HD 237903 SAO 27668Database referencesSIMBADABThe brighter star of the two is a solar analog meaning it has physical properties that make it similar to the Sun It has 10 more mass and a radius 17 larger than the Sun with an estimated age of four billion years The spectrum of this star matches a stellar classification of F8 V which indicates this is a main sequence star that is generating energy at its core through the nuclear fusion of hydrogen The energy is being radiated into space from its outer envelope at an effective temperature of 6 066 K This gives the star the characteristic yellow white hue of an F type star 13 The fainter of the two stars has an apparent magnitude 8 86 and shares a common proper motion witIts spectral type of K7Ve indicates it is a red dwarf Its has a mass 60 of the Sun s a temperature of 4 132 K and a bolometric luminosity only 1 of the Sun s 36 Ursae Majoris has a second companion with a magnitude of 11 44 located at an angular separation of 240 6 along a position angle of 292 as of 2004 14 It does not share the proper motion of the other two stars and is a more massive and luminous star but much further away 15 Hunt for substellar objects EditAccording to Nelson amp Angel 1998 16 36 Ursae Majoris could host one or two or at least three jovian planets or even brown dwarfs at wide separations from the host star with orbital periods of 10 15 25 and 50 years respectively The authors have set upper limits of 1 1 2 5 3 and 24 Jupiter masses for the putative planetary objects Also Lippincott 1983 17 had previously noticed the possible presence of a massive unseen companion with nearly 70 times the mass of Jupiter just below the stellar regime thus a brown dwarf Putative parameters for the substellar object show an orbital period of 18 years and quite a high eccentricity e 0 8 Even Campbell et al 1988 18 inferred the existence of planetary objects or even brown dwarfs less massive than 14 Jupiter masses around 36 Ursae Majoris Nevertheless no certain planetary companion has yet been detected or confirmed The McDonald Observatory team has set limits to the presence of one or more planets 19 with masses between 0 13 and 2 5 Jupiter masses and average separations spanning between 0 05 and 5 2 AU An infrared excess has been detected around this star most likely indicating the presence of a circumstellar disk at a radius of 38 6 AU The temperature of this dust is 50 K 20 References Edit a b c d e f g h i j k l m Vallenari A et al Gaia collaboration 2023 Gaia Data Release 3 Summary of the content and survey properties Astronomy and Astrophysics 674 A1 arXiv 2208 00211 Bibcode 2023A amp A 674A 1G doi 10 1051 0004 6361 202243940 S2CID 244398875 Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR a b c Johnson H L et al 1966 UBVRIJKL photometry of the bright stars Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory 4 99 99 Bibcode 1966CoLPL 4 99J a b c d e Vallenari A et al Gaia collaboration 2023 Gaia Data Release 3 Summary of the content and survey properties Astronomy and Astrophysics 674 A1 arXiv 2208 00211 Bibcode 2023A amp A 674A 1G doi 10 1051 0004 6361 202243940 S2CID 244398875 Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR a b c d Stassun Keivan G et al 9 September 2019 The Revised TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List The Astronomical Journal 158 4 138 arXiv 1905 10694 Bibcode 2019AJ 158 138S doi 10 3847 1538 3881 ab3467 eISSN 1538 3881 a b c HR 4112 Star in double system SIMBAD Centre de Donnees astronomiques de Strasbourg retrieved 2012 01 30 Deka Szymankiewicz B et al 2018 The Penn State Torun Centre for Astronomy Planet Search stars IV Dwarfs and the complete sample Astronomy and Astrophysics 615 A31 arXiv 1801 02899 Bibcode 2018A amp A 615A 31D doi 10 1051 0004 6361 201731696 S2CID 85526201 a b Boro Saikia S et al 2018 Chromospheric activity catalogue of 4454 cool stars Questioning the active branch of stellar activity cycles Astronomy and Astrophysics 616 A108 arXiv 1803 11123 Bibcode 2018A amp A 616A 108B doi 10 1051 0004 6361 201629518 S2CID 118915212 Nordstrom B et al May 2004 The Geneva Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood Ages metallicities and kinematic properties of 14 000 F and G dwarfs Astronomy and Astrophysics 418 3 989 1019 arXiv astro ph 0405198 Bibcode 2004A amp A 418 989N doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20035959 S2CID 11027621 a b Llorente de Andres F Chavero C de la Reza R Roca Fabrega S Cifuentes C October 2021 The evolution of lithium in FGK dwarf stars Astronomy amp Astrophysics 654 A137 arXiv 2108 05852 Bibcode 2021A amp A 654A 137L doi 10 1051 0004 6361 202141339 eISSN 1432 0746 ISSN 0004 6361 a b c Gaidos Eric Mann Andrew W August 2014 M dwarf metallicities and giant planet occurrence ironing out uncertainties and systematics The Astrophysical Journal 791 1 9 arXiv 1406 4071 Bibcode 2014ApJ 791 54G doi 10 1088 0004 637X 791 1 54 S2CID 118744016 54 Lopez Valdivia Ricardo Mace Gregory N Sokal Kimberly R Hussaini Maryam Kidder Benjamin T Mann Andrew W Gosnell Natalie M Oh Heeyoung Kesseli Aurora Y Muirhead Philip S Johns Krull Christopher M Jaffe Daniel T 2019 Effective Temperatures of Low mass Stars from High resolution H band Spectroscopy The Astrophysical Journal 879 2 105 arXiv 1905 05076 Bibcode 2019ApJ 879 105L doi 10 3847 1538 4357 ab2129 S2CID 152282781 Richey Yowell Tyler Shkolnik Evgenya L Schneider Adam C Osby Ella Barman Travis Meadows Victoria S 2019 HAZMAT V The Ultraviolet and X Ray Evolution of K Stars The Astrophysical Journal 872 1 17 arXiv 1901 00502 Bibcode 2019ApJ 872 17R doi 10 3847 1538 4357 aafa74 S2CID 119423234 The Colour of Stars Australia Telescope Outreach and Education Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation December 21 2004 archived from the original on March 18 2012 retrieved 2012 01 16 Mason B D et al 2014 The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog The Astronomical Journal 122 6 3466 Bibcode 2001AJ 122 3466M doi 10 1086 323920 retrieved 2015 11 02 Vallenari A et al Gaia collaboration 2023 Gaia Data Release 3 Summary of the content and survey properties Astronomy and Astrophysics 674 A1 arXiv 2208 00211 Bibcode 2023A amp A 674A 1G doi 10 1051 0004 6361 202243940 S2CID 244398875 Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR Nelson A F Angel J R P June 1998 The Range of Masses and Periods Explored by Radial Velocity Searches for Planetary Companions The Astrophysical Journal 500 2 940 957 arXiv astro ph 9802194 Bibcode 1998ApJ 500 940N doi 10 1086 305741 S2CID 5533361 Lippincott S L 1983 An unseen companion to 36 Ursae Majoris a from analysis of plates taken with the Sproul 61 cm refractor Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 95 775 Bibcode 1983PASP 95 775L doi 10 1086 131252 S2CID 120550865 Murdoch Kaylene A Hearnshaw J B Clark M August 1993 A search for substellar companions to southern solar type stars Astrophysical Journal Part 1 413 1 349 363 Bibcode 1993ApJ 413 349M doi 10 1086 173003 Wittemeyer et al 2006 Detection Limits from the McDonald Observatory Planet Search Program The Astronomical Journal 132 1 177 188 arXiv astro ph 0604171 Bibcode 2006AJ 132 177W doi 10 1086 504942 S2CID 16755455 Eiroa C et al July 2013 DUst around NEarby Stars The survey observational results Astronomy amp Astrophysics 555 A11 arXiv 1305 0155 Bibcode 2013A amp A 555A 11E doi 10 1051 0004 6361 201321050 S2CID 377244 External links EditThe Range of Masses and Periods Explored by Radial Velocity Searches for Planetary Companions An unseen companion to 36 Ursae Majoris A from analysis of plates taken with the Sproul 61 CM refractor A search for substellar companions to southern solar type stars Detection Limits from the McDonald Observatory Planet Search Program Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 36 Ursae Majoris amp oldid 1170475782, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
