356th Airlift Squadron
The 356th Airlift Squadron is a United States Air Force Reserve squadron, assigned to the 433d Operations Group Air Force Reserve Command, stationed at Kelly Field Annex, Joint Base San Antonio, Texas. The 356th is a C-5M Super Galaxy Formal Training Unit.
| 356th Airlift Squadron | |
|---|---|
433d Airlift Wing C-5A Galaxys | |
| Active | 1942–1944; 1944–1946; 1949–1950; 1952–2006; 2007–present |
| Country | United States |
| Branch | United States Air Force |
| Role | Airlift |
| Part of | Air Force Reserve Command |
| Garrison/HQ | Kelly Field Annex |
| Motto(s) | Victor Viam Ducat (Latin for 'The Victor Leads the Way') |
| Engagements | Pacific Ocean Theater of World War II[1] |
| Decorations | Distinguished Unit Citation Air Force Outstanding Unit Award Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Palm[1] |
| Insignia | |
| 356th Airlift Squadron emblem[a][1] | |
| 356th Tactical Airlift Squadron emblem[b] | |
| 356th Bombardment Squadron emblem[c][2] | |
The squadron was first activated in 1942 as the 356th Bombardment Squadron, and served as a training unit until the spring of 1944, when it was inactivated in a reorganization of training units by the Army Air Forces. It was activated again as a Boeing B-29 Superfortress unit. It deployed to the Pacific in the spring of 1945 and participated in the strategic bombing campaign against Japan, earning a Distinguished Unit Citation. After V-J Day, the squadron remained in the Pacific until 1946, when it was inactivated.
The squadron was redesignated the 356th Troop Carrier Squadron and activated in the military reserve force in 1949, but was inactivated a few months later. When the reserves resumed flying operations after the Korean War, the squadron was activated again in 1952. It served continuously in the reserve until 2006, being mobilized during the Cuban Missile Crisis. It was activated in its current role in 2007.
Mission edit
The squadron operates the Air Force Reserve's only Formal Training Unit providing initial and advanced C-5 flight qualification for Air Mobility Command, Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve Command aircrews.[3]
History edit
World War II edit
Bombardment training unit edit
Constituted 356 Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 28 January 1942. Activated with B-24 bombers on 1 June 1942 at Geiger Field, WA. Moved to; Davis-Monthan Field, AZ, 23 Jun 1942 and trained aircrews for bombardment missions. Relocated to Wendover Field, UT, 30 Jul 1942; Pueblo AAB, CO, 30 Sep 1942; Davis-Monthan Field, AZ, 1 Dec 1942; Clovis, NM, 29 Jan 1943; Langley Field, VA, 17 Dec 1943 & Chatham AAFld, GA, 27 Jan-10 Apr 1944. Operating B-17, 1944; B-29, 1945-1946. Inactivated on 10 April 1944.[1]
Combat in the Pacific edit
Redesignated as a Boeing B-29 Superfortress very heavy bombardment Squadron under Second Air Force on 7 April 1944 at Dalhart Army Air Field, Texas. Initially equipped with Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses for training, due to shortage of B-29 Superfortresses. Moved to McCook Army Air Field, Nebraska, in August 1944 and equipped with B-29B limited production aircraft.[1]
After completion of training deployed to Central Pacific Area, assigned to XXI Bomber Command, Northwest Field (Guam) for operational missions. B-29Bs were standard production aircraft stripped of most defensive guns to increase speed and bomb load, The tail gun was aimed and fired automatically by the new AN/APG-15B radar fire control system that detected the approaching enemy plane and made all the necessary calculations.
Mission of the squadron was the strategic bombardment of the Japanese Home Islands. Entered combat on 16 June 1945 with a bombing raid against an airfield on Moen. Flew first mission against the Japanese home islands on 26 June 1945 and afterwards operated principally against the enemy's petroleum industry. Flew primarily low-level, fast attacks at night using a mixture of high-explosive and incendiary bombs to attack targets.
Flew last combat mission on 15 August 1945, later flew in "Show of Force" mission on 2 September 1945 over Tokyo Bay during formal Japanese Surrender. Inactivated on Guam 15 April 1946, personnel returned to the United States and aircraft sent to storage in Southwest United States.
Reserve operations edit
It trained for Douglas C-54 Skymaster airlift operations from 1949–1950 and for troop carrier missions from 1952–1967. The squadron airlifted troops and their equipment during the Cuban Missile Crisis, October–November 1962. From 1970–1971 the squadron trained for special operations.[1]
Between 1971 and 2006 it trained for and flew airlift missions, participating in exercises, supporting unit deployments, taking part in special assignment airlift missions, and rotating periodically to Panama. The 356th supported liberation of Kuwait in 1991. It converted from tactical to strategic aircraft and was renamed 356 Airlift Squadron in 1992. Operating C-141 Starlifters between 1992-2006 and provided strategic airlift until 30 June 2006 when the squadron was inactivated. Activated in the Reserve on 9 January 2007.[1]
Since 2007 the 356th has conducted air crew training for the Lockheed C-5 Galaxy. The final C-5A Galaxy aircraft (tail number 70-0448) departed Kelly Field on September 28, 2016. The first of the eight Lockheed Martin C-5M Super Galaxy aircraft, arrived June 2016.[4]
Operations and decorations edit
- Combat Operations: Combat in Western Pacific, 23 Jun-14 Aug 1945. Airlifted troops and their equipment during the Cuban missile crisis, Oct–Nov 1962. Vietnam War; Supported liberation of Kuwait in 1991.
- Campaigns: Air Offensive, Japan; Eastern Mandates; Western Pacific. Southwest Asia: Liberation and Defense of Kuwait; Operation Desert Shield
- Decorations: Distinguished Unit Citation, Japan 6–13 Jul 1945 Air Force Outstanding Unit Award: 1 Jan 1977 – 31 Dec 1978; 1 Oct 1999 – 30 Sep 2001. Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Palm, 14 Feb-11 Mar 1968.
Lineage edit
- Constituted as the 356 Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 28 January 1942
- Activated on 1 June 1942
- Inactivated on 10 April 1944
- Redesignated 356 Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy on 27 June 1944
- Activated on 7 July 1944
- Inactivated on 15 April 1946
- Redesignated 356 Troop Carrier Squadron, Medium on 16 May 1949
- Activated in the reserve on 27 June 1949
- Inactivated on 28 January 1950
- Activated in the reserve on 14 June 1952
- Ordered to active service on 28 October 1962
- Relieved from active service on 28 November 1962
- Redesignated 356 Tactical Airlift Squadron on 1 July 1967
- Redesignated 356 Special Operations Squadron on 25 June 1970
- Redesignated 356 Tactical Airlift Squadron on 26 July 1971
- Redesignated 356 Airlift Squadron on 1 February 1992
- Inactivated on 30 June 2006
- Activated in the reserve on 9 January 2007[1]
Assignments edit
- 302d Bombardment Group, 1 June 1942 – 10 April 1944
- 331st Bombardment Group, 7 July 1944 – 15 April 1946
- 302d Troop Carrier Group, 27 June 1949 – 28 January 1950
- 302d Troop Carrier Group, 14 June 1952
- 302d Troop Carrier Wing, 14 April 1959
- 907th Troop Carrier Group (later 907th Tactical Airlift Group, 907th Special Operations Group, 907th Tactical Airlift Group), 11 February 1963
- 302d Tactical Airlift Wing, 1 September 1975
- 907th Tactical Airlift Group (later 907 Airlift Group), 1 April 1981
- 907th Operations Group, 1 August 1992
- 445th Operations Group, 1 October 1994 – 30 June 2006
- 433d Operations Group, 9 January 2007– present[1]
Bases stationed edit
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Aircraft edit
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References edit
Notes edit
- Explanatory notes
- ^ Modified 29 July 1996.
- ^ Approved 7 July 1969.
- ^ Approved 21 March 1945. Description: On a light blue green disc, edged black, a caricatured "stripped down" duck yellow orange, in flight toward dexter, with red feet, black wing tips, and light magenta eye lids, wearing a brown aviator's helmet, and having a knot tied in the neck, while holding a large black aerial bomb in the feet, and having a small black cannon lighted at the fuse, proper, tied on back with brown string beside six, small, black cannon balls resting on duck's back, all between a white cloud formation in chief and a like formation in base.
- Citations
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Musser, James (6 September 2023). "Factsheet 356 Airlift Squadron (AFRC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 442–43
- ^ Pace, Eileen (17 June 2016). "433rd Airlift Wing Gets First C-5M Super Galaxy Cargo Plane". Texas Public Radio. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
- ^ Jones, Minnie (30 September 2016). "Last C-5A Galaxy departs San Antonio". 433rd Airlift Wing Public Affairs. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
- ^ Bailey, Carl E. (10 December 2007). . Air Force Historical Research Agency. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ Maurice, TSG Lindsey (20 June 2016). "First Reserve-owned C-5M lands at Alamo Wing". 433rd Airlift Wing Public Affairs. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
Bibliography edit
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947–1977. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9. Retrieved 17 December 2016.