Excavated dwellings at Skara Brae, Europe's most complete Neolithic village.
c. 3190–3170 BC? reign of King Double Falcon of Lower Egypt. There is a strong possibility that he appears on the Palermo stone, although half his name is chipped away.
c. 3138 BC Ljubljana Marshes Wheel is a wooden wheel that was found in the Ljubljana Marsh in Slovenia.[2] Radiocarbon dating showed that it is approximately 5,150 years old, which makes it the oldest wooden wheel yet discovered.
c. 3102 BC beginning of Kali Yuga at midnight (00:00) on 18 February
c. 3100 BC: The earliest phase of Stonehenge construction begins.
c. 3100 BC?: Varna Necropolis: what have been claimed to be the earliest-known worked gold artifacts are manufactured
c. 3100 BC?: Malta: Construction of the Ħaġar Qim megalithic temples, featuring both solar and lunar alignments. "Tarxien period" of megalithic temple construction reaches its apex
c. 3100 BC?: New Stone Age people in Ireland build the 250,000-ton (230,000-tonne) Newgrange solar-oriented passage tomb
Calendar epochs
3114 BC: According to the most widely accepted correlations between the Western calendar and the calendar systems of pre-ColumbianMesoamerica, the mythical starting point of the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar cycle occurs in this year.[4] The Long Count calendar, used and refined most notably by the Maya civilization but also attested in some other (earlier) Mesoamerican cultures, consisted of a series of interlocked cycles or periods of day-counts, which mapped out a linear sequence of days from a notional starting point. The system originated sometime in the Mid- to Late Preclassic period of Mesoamerican chronology, during the latter half of the 1st millennium BC.[5] The starting point of the most commonly used highest-order cycle[6]—the b'ak'tun-cycle consisting of thirteen b'ak'tuns of 144,000 days each—was projected back to an earlier, mythical date. This date is equivalent to 11 August 3114 BC in the proleptic Gregorian calendar (or 6 September in the proleptic Julian calendar), using the correlation known as the "Goodman-Martínez-Thompson (GMT) correlation". The GMT-correlation is worked out with the Long Count starting date equivalent to the Julian Day Number (JDN) equal to 584283, and is accepted by most Mayanist scholars as providing the best fit with the ethnohistorical data.[7] Two succeeding dates, the 12th and 13 August (Gregorian) have also been supported, with the 13th (JDN = 584285, the "astronomical" or "Lounsbury" correlation) attracting significant support as according better with astronomical observational data.[8] Although it is still contended which of these three dates forms the actual starting base of the Long Count, the correlation to one of this triad of dates is definitively accepted by almost all contemporary Mayanists. All other earlier or later correlation proposals are now discounted.[7] The end of the thirteenth baktun was either on December 21 or 23 of 2012 (supposed end of the world).
^P. Tallet, D. Laisnay: Iry-Hor et Narmer au Sud-Sinaï (Ouadi 'Ameyra), un complément à la chronologie des expéditios minière égyptiene, in: BIFAO 112 (2012), 381-395, available online
^Gasser, Aleksander (March 2003). . Government Communication Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Archived from the original on 2016-08-26. Retrieved 2015-03-30.
^Mark, Joshua J. "Writing". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
^See Finley (2002), Houston (1989, pp.49–51), Miller and Taube (1993, pp.50–52), Schele and Freidel (1990, pp.430 et seq.), Voss (2006, p.138), Wagner (2006, pp.281–283). Note that Houston 1989 mistakenly writes "3113 BC" (when "-3113" is meant), and Miller and Taube 1993's mention of "2 August" is a (presumed) erratum.
^Miller and Taube (1993, p.50), Schele and Freidel (1990)
^Most commonly used in the Classic period Maya inscriptions; some other Maya calendar inscriptions of this period note even longer cycles, while later Postclassic-era inscriptions in Maya cities of northern Yucatán generally used an abbreviated form known as the Short Count. See Miller and Taube (1993, p.50); Voss (2006, p.138).
^After a modified proposal championed by Floyd Lounsbury; sources that have used this 584285 correlation include Houston (1989, p.51), and in particular Schele and Freidel (1990, pp.430 et seq.). See also commentary by Finley (2002), who although making an assessment that the "[584285 correlation] is now more popular with Mayanists", expresses a personal preference for the 584283 correlation.
References
Finley, Michael (2002). "The Correlation Question". The Real Maya Prophecies: Astronomy in the Inscriptions and Codices. Maya Astronomy. Archived from the original on 2009-05-23. Retrieved 2007-06-04.
Schele, Linda; David Freidel (1990). A Forest of Kings: The Untold Story of the Ancient Maya. New York: William Morrow. ISBN0-688-07456-1.
Voss, Alexander (2006). "Astronomy and Mathematics". In Nikolai Grube (ed.). Maya: Divine Kings of the Rain Forest. Eva Eggebrecht and Matthias Seidel (assistant eds.). Cologne: Könemann Press. pp. 130–143. ISBN3-8331-1957-8. OCLC 71165439.
Wagner, Elizabeth (2006). "Maya Creation Myths and Cosmography". In Nikolai Grube (ed.). Maya: Divine Kings of the Rain Forest. Eva Eggebrecht and Matthias Seidel (Assistant Eds.). Cologne: Könemann Press. pp. 280–293. ISBN3-8331-1957-8. OCLC 71165439.
January 05, 2023
32nd, century, century, that, lasted, from, year, 3200, 3101, contents, events, calendar, epochs, notes, referencesevents, edit, excavated, dwellings, skara, brae, europe, most, complete, neolithic, village, 3190, 3170, reign, king, double, falcon, lower, egyp. The 32nd century BC was a century that lasted from the year 3200 BC to 3101 BC Contents 1 Events 2 Calendar epochs 3 Notes 4 ReferencesEvents Edit Excavated dwellings at Skara Brae Europe s most complete Neolithic village c 3190 3170 BC reign of King Double Falcon of Lower Egypt There is a strong possibility that he appears on the Palermo stone although half his name is chipped away c 3185 3160 BC reign of Scorpion I in Upper Egypt c 3160 In Upper Egypt Thinis annexes Nubt c 3155 3140 BC King Iry Hor reigns from Abydos over most of Egypt 1 c 3150 3120 BC reign of King Ka in Ancient Egypt c 3138 BC Ljubljana Marshes Wheel is a wooden wheel that was found in the Ljubljana Marsh in Slovenia 2 Radiocarbon dating showed that it is approximately 5 150 years old which makes it the oldest wooden wheel yet discovered c 3120 3110 BC reign of Scorpion II in Lower Egypt c 3110 BC beginning of the reign of Narmer first pharaoh to unify Ancient Egypt and founder of the 1st Dynasty c 3102 BC beginning of Kali Yuga at midnight 00 00 on 18 February c 3100 BC The earliest phase of Stonehenge construction begins c 3100 BC Varna Necropolis what have been claimed to be the earliest known worked gold artifacts are manufactured c 3100 BC Malta Construction of the Ħaġar Qim megalithic temples featuring both solar and lunar alignments Tarxien period of megalithic temple construction reaches its apex c 3100 BC Sumerian cuneiform writing system 3 c 3100 BC Ancient Egypt Earliest known Egyptian hieroglyphs beginning of the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt Horus was the main god worshiped in Upper Egypt Neith was the main god worshiped in Lower Egypt c 3100 BC Crete Rise of Minoan civilization c 3100 BC Otzi The final years of the Iceman s life c 3100 BC Neolithic settlement built at Skara Brae in the Orkney Islands Scotland pictured c 3100 BC Earliest buildings at the Ness of Brodgar in the Orkney Islands constructed c 3100 BC New Stone Age people in Ireland build the 250 000 ton 230 000 tonne Newgrange solar oriented passage tombCalendar epochs Edit3114 BC According to the most widely accepted correlations between the Western calendar and the calendar systems of pre Columbian Mesoamerica the mythical starting point of the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar cycle occurs in this year 4 The Long Count calendar used and refined most notably by the Maya civilization but also attested in some other earlier Mesoamerican cultures consisted of a series of interlocked cycles or periods of day counts which mapped out a linear sequence of days from a notional starting point The system originated sometime in the Mid to Late Preclassic period of Mesoamerican chronology during the latter half of the 1st millennium BC 5 The starting point of the most commonly used highest order cycle 6 the b ak tun cycle consisting of thirteen b ak tuns of 144 000 days each was projected back to an earlier mythical date This date is equivalent to 11 August 3114 BC in the proleptic Gregorian calendar or 6 September in the proleptic Julian calendar using the correlation known as the Goodman Martinez Thompson GMT correlation The GMT correlation is worked out with the Long Count starting date equivalent to the Julian Day Number JDN equal to 584283 and is accepted by most Mayanist scholars as providing the best fit with the ethnohistorical data 7 Two succeeding dates the 12th and 13 August Gregorian have also been supported with the 13th JDN 584285 the astronomical or Lounsbury correlation attracting significant support as according better with astronomical observational data 8 Although it is still contended which of these three dates forms the actual starting base of the Long Count the correlation to one of this triad of dates is definitively accepted by almost all contemporary Mayanists All other earlier or later correlation proposals are now discounted 7 The end of the thirteenth baktun was either on December 21 or 23 of 2012 supposed end of the world 3102 BC The beginning of Kali Yuga as per Hindu calendar Notes Edit P Tallet D Laisnay Iry Hor et Narmer au Sud Sinai Ouadi Ameyra un complement a la chronologie des expeditios miniere egyptiene in BIFAO 112 2012 381 395 available online Gasser Aleksander March 2003 World s Oldest Wheel Found in Slovenia Government Communication Office of the Republic of Slovenia Archived from the original on 2016 08 26 Retrieved 2015 03 30 Mark Joshua J Writing World History Encyclopedia Retrieved 9 August 2021 See Finley 2002 Houston 1989 pp 49 51 Miller and Taube 1993 pp 50 52 Schele and Freidel 1990 pp 430 et seq Voss 2006 p 138 Wagner 2006 pp 281 283 Note that Houston 1989 mistakenly writes 3113 BC when 3113 is meant and Miller and Taube 1993 s mention of 2 August is a presumed erratum Miller and Taube 1993 p 50 Schele and Freidel 1990 Most commonly used in the Classic period Maya inscriptions some other Maya calendar inscriptions of this period note even longer cycles while later Postclassic era inscriptions in Maya cities of northern Yucatan generally used an abbreviated form known as the Short Count See Miller and Taube 1993 p 50 Voss 2006 p 138 a b See survey by Finley 2002 After a modified proposal championed by Floyd Lounsbury sources that have used this 584285 correlation include Houston 1989 p 51 and in particular Schele and Freidel 1990 pp 430 et seq See also commentary by Finley 2002 who although making an assessment that the 584285 correlation is now more popular with Mayanists expresses a personal preference for the 584283 correlation References EditFinley Michael 2002 The Correlation Question The Real Maya Prophecies Astronomy in the Inscriptions and Codices Maya Astronomy Archived from the original on 2009 05 23 Retrieved 2007 06 04 Miller Mary Karl Taube 1993 The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya London Thames and Hudson ISBN 0 500 05068 6 Schele Linda David Freidel 1990 A Forest of Kings The Untold Story of the Ancient Maya New York William Morrow ISBN 0 688 07456 1 Voss Alexander 2006 Astronomy and Mathematics In Nikolai Grube ed Maya Divine Kings of the Rain Forest Eva Eggebrecht and Matthias Seidel assistant eds Cologne Konemann Press pp 130 143 ISBN 3 8331 1957 8 OCLC 71165439 Wagner Elizabeth 2006 Maya Creation Myths and Cosmography In Nikolai Grube ed Maya Divine Kings of the Rain Forest Eva Eggebrecht and Matthias Seidel Assistant Eds Cologne Konemann Press pp 280 293 ISBN 3 8331 1957 8 OCLC 71165439 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 32nd century BC amp oldid 1127541770, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
