2nd Engineer Regiment (Italy)
The 2nd Engineer Regiment (Italian: 2° Reggimento Genio Guastatori) is a military engineer regiment of the Italian Army based in Trento in Trentino. Founded in 1860 it is currently the oldest active engineer regiment of the Italian Army. Since 1954 it has been part of the 4th Alpine Army Corps and therefore has a strong association with the army's mountain infantry corps, the Alpini, with which the regiment shares the distinctive Cappello Alpino. Today the regiment is the engineer unit of the Alpine Brigade "Julia" and specializes in mountain combat.[3][1][4]
| 2nd Engineer Regiment | |
|---|---|
| 2° Reggimento Genio Guastatori | |
Regimental coat of arms | |
| Active | 1860 - 1867 1 Jan. 1874 - 31 March 1920 11 Oct. 1926 - 8 Sept. 1943 20 April 1954 - today[1] |
| Country | Italy |
| Branch | Italian Army |
| Role | Combat engineers |
| Part of | Alpine Brigade "Julia" |
| Garrison/HQ | Trento |
| Motto(s) | "Per omnia asperrima" |
| Anniversaries | 24 June 1918 - Second Battle of the Piave River |
| Engagements | Second Italian War of Independence Brigandage in Southern Italy Third Italian War of Independence Capture of Rome First Italo-Ethiopian War Italo-Turkish War World War I Occupation of Constantinople World War II UN Operation in Mozambique UN Operation in Somalia II War in Afghanistan |
| Decorations | 1x Silver Medal of Military Valor 2x Bronze Medals of Military Valor 1x Bronze Medal of Army Valor 1x Silver Medal of Civil Valor 2x Silver Cross of Army Merit[2] |
| Insignia | |
| Alpine sappers gorget patches | |
| Alpine sappers Nappina | |
In 1860 the Sappers Regiment of the Royal Sardinian Army was split and the 2nd Sappers Regiment was formed and tasked with training sapper units. The regiment's companies participated in the invasion of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the Third Italian War of Independence. In 1867 the regiment was merged with the 1st Sappers Regiment, but in 1874 the two regiments were split once more. The regiment provided companies for First Italo-Ethiopian War and two sapper battalions for the Italo-Turkish War. During World War I the regiment's battalions and companies fought in all sectors of the Italian front. After the war the regiment was disbanded, but in November 1926 the regiment was reformed and on this occasion received its own battle flag. During the Second Italo-Ethiopian War and World War II the regiment formed engineer battalions and smaller units for deploying divisions. In September 1943 the regiment was disbanded by invading German forces. During the Cold War the regiment was reactivated in 1954 and assigned to the IV Army Corps as corps engineer asset. In 1975 the regiment was disbanded and its flag and traditions were assigned to the 2nd Miners Engineer Battalion "Iseo". In 1995 the 2nd Engineer Regiment was reformed by renaming the 1st Engineer Regiment. In 2002 the regiment was transferred from the Alpine Troops Command to the Alpine Brigade "Julia".[1][3][5] The regimental anniversary falls, as for all engineer units, on June 24, the end of the Second Battle of the Piave River in 1918.[4]
History edit
In 1860 the 2nd Sappers Regiment was formed in Piacenza. The regiment was formed with companies transferred from the Sappers Regiment and sappers companies from the army of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the army of the Royal Provinces of Emilia, which had been integrated into the Royal Sardinian Army. The regiment consisted of a staff, a depot, and three battalions, with four sappers companies per battalion. Right away the regiment's companies participated in the invasion of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies following Giuseppe Garibaldi's Expedition of the Thousand. During the invasion the regiment's companies participated in the Siege of Gaeta. For their conduct during the siege the regiment's 3rd Sappers Company and 7th Sappers Company were each awarded a Bronze Medal of Military Valor.[2] After the annexation of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies the regiment provided troops for the suppression of the popular revolt in Southern Italy in 1860-70.[3][1]
In 1866 the regiment participated in the Third Italian War of Independence. In 1867 the regiment was merged with the 1st Sappers Regiment to form the Sappers Corps, which had its headquarters in Casale Monferrato and consisted of 28 sappers companies. In 1870 the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 10th, and 25th sappers companies participated in the capture of Rome. On 1 January 1874 the Sappers Corps was split and the staff of the corps was used to reform the 2nd Engineer Regiment in Casale Monferrato. The regiment retained 13 sappers companies, two Ferrovieri companies, and one train company from the former Sappers Corps, while transferring 14 sappers companies and one Ferrovieri company to the 1st Engineer Regiment, which had been formed on the same date with the staff of the 1st Artillery Regiment Pontieri. The 2nd Engineer Regiment also received four Pontieri companies from the 1st Engineer Regiment.[3][1]
In 1883 the regiment provided four Pontieri companies, three telegraphers companies, two Ferrovieri companies, two train companies, two sappers companies, and a Lagunari company for the formation of the 3rd Engineer Regiment and 4th Engineer Regiment. In 1895 the regiment provided six sappers companies for the formation of the 5th Engineer Regiment and dispatched 6 officers and 243 enlisted for the First Italo-Ethiopian War. On 1 November 1895 the regiment was renamed 2nd Engineer Regiment (Sappers) and consisted now of a staff, four sappers brigades, two train companies, and a depot. Each of the four brigades consisted of three sappers companies. In 1910 the brigades were renamed battalions. During the Italo-Turkish War of 1911-12 the regiment's I Battalion and II Battalion were deployed to Libya. In 1912 the regiment raised a fifth sappers battalion.[3][1]
World War I edit
During World War I battalions and companies raised by the regiment fought in all sectors of the Italian front. In total the regiment formed 42 sappers battalion commands and 122 sappers companies, 52 bridge sections, 31 divisional cableway sections, six firefighters sections, five cableway sections for alpine groups, one territorial militia battalion command and six territorial militia companies, and 11 army corps engineer parks.[3][1]
After the war the regiment was disbanded on 31 March 1920 and its personnel used to form a sappers battalion and a telegraphers battalion for each army corps on 1 April 1920.[3][1][5]
On 1 October 1922 the 1st Army Corps Engineer Grouping was formed in Turin, which received the Sappers Battalion and the Telegraphers Battalion of the I Army Corps, and a miners company from the disbanded Miners Engineer Regiment. Both battalions had been raised on 1 April 1920. The grouping consisted of a command, a sappers-miners battalion, a telegraphers battalion, a photo-electricians company, six dovecotes (in Turin, Cuneo, Exilles, Fenestrelle, Vinadio, and Alessandria), and a depot. In 1924 the grouping moved to Casale Monferrato. On 11 October 1926 the grouping was renamed 2nd Engineer Regiment and consisted now of a command, a sappers-miners battalion, a telegraphers battalion, a cableway battalion, a depot and six dovecotes (in Alessandria, Cuneo, Genoa, Vinadio, Tende, and Nava). In February 1928 the regiment provided troops for the formation of the 11th Engineer Regiment.[3]
On 1 February 1931 the Cableway Battalion was reorganized as Miners-Cableway Battalion and transferred on 28 October 1932 to the newly formed 1st Miners Regiment in Novi Ligure. On the same day the regiment received the I Battalion of the disbanded 2nd Radio-Telegraphers Regiment.[3][6][7]
For the Second Italo-Ethiopian War the regiment formed the XIV Cableway Battalion, an autonomous cableway company, a connections company, a sappers company, a mixed engineer company, a water platoon, a cableway replacements company, and two firefighting sections. In January 1937 the telegraphers and radio-telegraphers battalions were renamed connections battalions.[3][7]
World War II edit
With the outbreak of World War II the regiment's depot began to mobilize new units:[3]
- Command of the 5th Engineer Grouping
- IV Mixed Engineer Battalion (for the 4th Alpine Division "Cuneense")
- LIV Mixed Engineer Battalion (for the 54th Infantry Division "Napoli")
- V Engineer Battalion
- XXVII Engineer Battalion
- V Telegraphers Battalion
- V Marconists Battalion
- and many smaller units
The 4th Alpine Division "Cuneense" and the 5th Engineer Grouping were sent in summer 1942 to the Eastern Front, where both were destroyed during Operation Little Saturn in December-January 1943. The IV Mixed Engineer Battalion of the Cuneense was awarded a Silver Medal of Military Valor for its conduct and sacrifice on the Eastern Front.[2] The 2nd Engineer Regiment was disbanded by invading German forces after the announcement of the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943.[3][5]
2nd Miners Regiment edit
On 28 October 1932 the 2nd Miners Regiment was formed in Verona. The regiment consisted of a command and three miners battalions, which had been transferred from the 4th Engineer Regiment, 5th Engineer Regiment, and 11th Engineer Regiment. The regiment's command and depot were formed with personnel from the disbanded 1st Radio-Telegraphers Regiment, while the three miners battalions were transferred from the 4th Engineer Regiment, 5th Engineer Regiment, and 11th Engineer Regiment.[8]
During World War II the regiment's depot mobilized the V, VI, VII, VIII, X, and CV miners battalions. The regiment was disbanded by invading German forces after the announcement of the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943.[8][9]
Cold War edit
On 20 April 1954 the 2nd Engineer Grouping was formed in Bolzano. On 1 April 1955 the grouping was renamed 2nd Engineer Regiment and assigned to the IV Alpine Army Corps. The regiment received the flag and traditions of the 2nd Engineer Regiment. The regiment consisted of the following units:[3][7]
- 2nd Engineer Regiment, in Bolzano[3]
- Command Platoon, in Bolzano
- II Miners Battalion, in Bolzano
- IV Fortification Engineer Battalion, in Sterzing[10]
- IV Engineer Battalion, in Bolzano (transferred from the 1st Engineer Regiment on 1 July 1955)
- 1st Camouflage Company (transferred from the 5th Engineer Regiment on 7 May 1955)
On 16 January 1964 the IV Fortification Engineer Battalion was disbanded,[10] while the 1st Camouflage Company and the 1st Mechanics-Electricians Company and 1st Photo-Electricians Company of the 1st Engineer Regiment were merged into a Mixed Company. On 1 March of the same year the regiment received from the disbanded 1st Engineer Regiment the VII Engineer Battalion in Riva del Garda, the XIV Army Corps Engineer Battalion in Trento, the 1st Cableway Company in Trento, and the Mixed Company in Trento.[3][9][7]
In 1974 the 1st Cableway Company and the Mixed Photoelectric-Camouflage Company were disbanded. In preparation for the 1975 army reform the IV Engineer Battalion and VII Engineer Battalion were disbanded on 28 May 1975. During this reform the Italian Army disbanded the regimental level and newly independent battalions were granted for the first time their own flags. During the reform engineer battalions were named for a lake if they supported a corps or named for a river if they supported a division or brigade. On 6 November 1975 the 2nd Engineer Regiment was disbanded and the regiment's II Miners Battalion was renamed 2nd Miners Engineer Battalion "Iseo" and assigned the flag and traditions of the 2nd Engineer Regiment and the traditions of the 2nd Miners Regiment,[3][8][11] while the XIV Army Corps Engineer Battalion was renamed 4th Engineer Battalion "Orta" and assigned the flag and traditions of the 4th Engineer Regiment.[12][11] Both battalions were assigned to the 4th Alpine Army Corps' Engineer Command and consisted of a command, a command and park company, and three engineer respectively three miners engineer companies.[3][1][5] At the time the 2nd Miners Engineer Battalion "Iseo" fielded 753 men (38 officers, 95 non-commissioned officers, and 620 soldiers).[13] On 22 January 1976 the battalion received the Cappello Alpino.[7]
For its conduct and work after the 1976 Friuli earthquake the battalion was awarded a Bronze Medal of Army Valor, which was affixed to the battalion's flag.[3][2][14]
In 1986 the battalion was renamed 2nd Sappers Battalion "Iseo" and now consisted of a command, a command and services company, three sappers companies, and a special equipment company.[3][7]
Recent times edit
On 13 October 1995 the 2nd Engineer Regiment was reformed in the city of Trento by renaming the 1st Engineer Regiment, which had been formed on 4 October 1993 with the personnel and materiel of the 4th Engineer Battalion "Orta". The same day the Orta was renamed "Iseo" and the flag assigned to the Orta was transferred to Palermo, where it was returned to the 4th Engineer Regiment. In 2002 the regiment was transferred from the Alpine Troops Command to the Alpine Brigade "Julia".[5]
Organization edit
See also edit
External links edit
- Italian Army Website: 2° Reggimento Genio Guastatori
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "2° Reggimento Genio Guastatori - La Storia". Italian Army. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
- ^ a b c d "2° Reggimento Genio Guastatori - Il Medagliere". Italian Army. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s F. dell'Uomo, R. Puletti (1998). L'Esercito Italiano verso il 2000 - Vol. Primo - Tomo II. Rome: SME - Ufficio Storico. p. 261.
- ^ a b "2° Reggimento Genio Guastatori". Italian Army. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f "2° Reggimento Genio Guastatori". Vecio.it. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- ^ F. dell'Uomo, R. Puletti (1998). L'Esercito Italiano verso il 2000 - Vol. Primo - Tomo II. Rome: SME - Ufficio Storico. p. 313.
- ^ a b c d e f . VII Battalion Genio Pionieri Association. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
- ^ a b c F. dell'Uomo, R. di Rose (1998). L'Esercito Italiano verso il 2000 - Vol. Secondo - Tomo II. Rome: SME - Ufficio Storico. p. 386.
- ^ a b "2° Reggimento Genio Minatori". Vecio.it. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- ^ a b F. dell'Uomo, R. Di Rosa (1998). L'Esercito Italiano verso il 2000 - Vol. Secondo - Tomo II. Rome: SME - Ufficio Storico. p. 364.
- ^ a b "Decreto del Presidente della Repubblica 12 novembre 1976, n. 846". Quirinale - Presidenza della Repubblica. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
- ^ F. dell'Uomo, R. Puletti (1998). L'Esercito Italiano verso il 2000 - Vol. Primo - Tomo II. Rome: SME - Ufficio Storico. p. 272.
- ^ Stefani, Filippo (1989). La storia della dottrina e degli ordinamenti dell'Esercito Italiano - Vol. III - Tomo 2°. Rome: Ufficio Storico - Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito. pp. 1184–1185.
- ^ "2° Battaglione Genio Minatori "Iseo"". Quirinale - Presidenza della Repubblica. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
- ^ a b "2° Reggimento Genio Guastatori". Italian Defense Ministry. Retrieved 23 December 2023.