fbpx
Wikipedia

2channel

January 07, 2023

This article is about the Japanese textboard. For the Russian imageboard, see Dvach. For the imageboard known as 2chan, see Futaba Channel. For other uses, see 2chan (disambiguation).

2channel (Japanese: 2ちゃんねる, Hepburn: ni channeru), also known as 2ch,[5] Channel 2,[6][7] and sometimes retrospectively as 2ch.net,[8] was an anonymous Japanese textboard[b] founded in 1999 by Hiroyuki Nishimura. Described in 2007 as "Japan's most popular online community",[9] the site had a level of influence comparable to that of traditional mass media such as television, radio, and magazines.[2] At the time, the site drew an annual revenue of around ¥100 million (about US$1 million),[10][11] and was the largest of its kind in the world, with around ten million visitors[9] and 2.5 million posts made per day.[2]

2channel
2ちゃんねる

Logo in 2012, featuring a spittoon surrounded by popular memes from the site

Type of site
Textboard
Available inJapanese
OwnerDisputed
Created byHiroyuki Nishimura
URL2ch.net (historically)
CommercialYes
Users10 million monthly (2010)[1]
Launched30 May 1999; 23 years ago (1999-05-30)[2]
Current statusDisputed (since 19 February 2014; 8 years ago (2014-02-19))
2ch.sc
2ちゃんねる[a]
Available inJapanese
Founded1 April 2014; 8 years ago (2014-04-01)
OwnerHiroyuki Nishimura
ParentPacket Monster Inc.[3]
URL2ch.sc
CommercialYes
Current statusActive
5channel
5ちゃんねる
Available inJapanese, with a small minority of boards in English[4]
Founded1 October 2017; 5 years ago (2017-10-01)
OwnerJim Watkins
ParentLoki Technology Inc. via Race Queen Inc.
URL5ch.net
CommercialYes
Current statusActive

The site was hosted and had its domain registration provided by Jim Watkins, based in San Francisco, California.[10][1][12] In 2009, ownership of the site was transferred to Singapore-based Packet Monster Inc., under which Nishimura remained in control.[13][14] In February 2014, Watkins seized the 2ch.net domain, taking full control over the website and assuming the role of site administrator.[12][15] This has resulted in two textboards claiming to be the legitimate 2channel:[15] 2ch.sc,[a] owned by Nishimura through Packet Monster Inc.,[3] and 5channel (5ちゃんねる, go channeru, domain 5ch.net), established in 2017 by redirect from the original domain and owned by Watkins through Philippines-based Loki Technology Inc.

2channel and its successors are more controversial than other social media in Japan;[5] they are extremely popular among Japan's extreme right-wing, known as the netto-uyoku, who post xenophobic comments, often targeting Koreans.[9][6] Defamation is of particular concern; by August 2008, Nishimura had received more than one hundred lawsuits for defamatory comments left on the website.[11] Announcements of crimes also have drawn scrutiny towards 2channel and its successors.[13][17][18][19] In 2012, 2channel was accused by the Tokyo Metropolitan Police of allowing its platform to be used by amphetamine dealers,[20] although no charges were filed.[13]

In September 2007, 2channel averaged over 2.4 million posts per day.[21][c] As of July 2020, 5channel had 1,031 boards receiving around 2.7 million posts per day on weekends,[22] with no growth since March 2016.[23][c] Meanwhile, 2ch.sc then had 826 boards receiving around 5,700 posts daily.[24][c]

History

 
Ayashii World was laid out something like a non-threaded e-mail client without subjects. All messages were sorted chronologically, and to see the post being replied to, a link must be followed.[25]
 
Meanwhile, Amezou, and 2channel, were laid out in the more familiar textboard format, where threads are ordered by their last post unless the user specifically chooses not to make their post bump the thread.[25]

Predecessors

Textboards like 2channel were rooted in two earlier technologies: dial-in bulletin boards, known in Japan as grass roots bulletin boards (草の根BBS),[5] and Usenet.[26] 2channel has two predecessors: Ayashii World created in 1996 by Shiba Masayuki,[26] and Amezou (あめぞう),[25] created in 1997. Ayashii World was the first large anonymous web bulletin board in Japan, while Amezou originated the more familiar "textboard" concept wherein threads are displayed chronologically, with new comments bumping old threads to the top, rather than in a branching tree.[26][25] Ayashii World closed in 1998, leading most of its former users to go to Amezou;[26] Nishimura advertised 2channel in a post on Amezou in May 1999, calling it "Amezou's second channel".[25] From June, Amezou became increasingly unable to handle the load on its servers,[25][27]: 260  until its host shut it down after threats against Amezou's anonymous owner which contained his dox were posted on it.[26][27]: 260 

 
Hiroyuki Nishimura, above, founded 2channel in 1999 while a student in Arkansas.

Family tree

Usenet
Various "grass roots"草の根 BBS
Ayashii World
(あやしいわーるど)
1ch.tvAmezou
(あめぞう)		2channel
BBSPINK
(PINKちゃんねる)
2ch.sc5channelFutaba Channel
(2chan)		Imageboards
outside Japan

Early history

2channel was founded on 30 May 1999 in a college apartment in Conway, Arkansas on the campus of University of Central Arkansas[2] by Hiroyuki Nishimura.[1] Success came quickly; many of Amezou's users began using it as soon as it opened.[5] When compared with other bulletin boards, 2channel's technology wasn't much different; what led to its success was instead its being an "outlet for unfettered expression";[10] by being hosted in the United States, 2channel was able to bypass more restrictive Japanese censorship rules, while still being accessible from Japan.[28] The site also enjoyed greater immunity from legal action within Japan due to the location of its servers.[10][29] By 2002, Google said that the most searched word in Japan was "2channel".[30] By 2004, 2channel was already the largest internet forum in Japan.[6]

The name "2channel" is a reference to VHF channel 2, the default setting for the RF modulators used in earlier-generation game consoles (such as Nintendo's Family Computer) when connecting to Japanese television sets.[31] Where Amezou was originally meant to be "channel one", 2channel was meant to be "channel two".[25][27]: 266  The site's iconic jar logo is a reference to deprecatory remarks some former users of Ayashii World would make about 2channel early on in the site's history, likening it to a spittoon (痰壷).[32][27]: 271  Nishimura took this nickname and adopted it as the site's logo by 2002.[27][33]

Jim Watkins, an ex-US army non-commissioned officer (sergeant first class), domain name registrar, and dedicated hosting service provider, hosted 2channel since at least 2004[8] through various corporate identities, including Big-server.com Inc.,[34] Pacific Internet Exchange LLC[35] and N. T. Technology Inc.[36][37] Before 2channel, Watkins' company primarily specialized in using servers and domains in the United States to serve uncensored pornographic content to users in Japan.[29][36]

Ownership transfer and government scrutiny

On 2 January 2009, Nishimura claimed to have transferred ownership of 2channel to Packet Monster Inc., a company based in Chinatown, Singapore, and to no longer be involved in the site's management.[38][39] However, Nishimura was charged with violating Japanese narcotic control laws anyway on 20 December 2012.[40][d] As part of their case, the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department (MPD) claimed Nishimura remained involved in 2channel's operations, alleging Packet Monster Inc. is a shell company (ペーパーカンパニー).[13] The main thrust of the complaint was that Nishimura allegedly did not delete posts seeking to purchase illicit amphetamine from other 2channel users online; the Internet Hotline Center [ja], an agency of the MPD, alleged that in 2011 97% of its 5,223 deletion requests did not result in deletion.[20] On 19 March 2013, the Public Prosecutors Office decided not to prosecute the case.[13]

In August 2013, the Tokyo Regional Taxation Bureau declared in a tax audit that Nishimura had failed to declare ¥100 million worth of website revenue which should have been taxed between 2009 and 2012, years in which he financially benefited from Packet Monster Inc.;[13][41] Nishimura settled the matter by paying the owed tax, ¥30 million.[42]

Personal information leak

In August 2013, a hacker using the name sassy ecchi (さっしーえっち)[43] leaked [ja] the personal details (including names, addresses, and phone numbers)[37] and credit card numbers of thousands of 2channel users who had used 2channel's paid services into the public domain,[44] exposing the anonymous profiles of various high level personas such as politicians and writers,[45] including an attorney involved in 2channel cases, Takahiro Karasawa (唐澤貴洋),[43] and a staff member of AKB48.[46] More than 74,000 users had their personal information exposed by the leak.[47]

The paid service involved in the leak was known as the "2channel viewer" (2ちゃんねるビューア),[43] or maru (●).[48][e] Its main utility was that it allowed users to read old threads; if a thread on 2channel received 1,000 posts, it would become part of the kako rogu (過去ログ, lit. past log) by a process of ".dat omission" (dat落ち)[f] of such threads, after which time a thread was no longer freely accessible.[50][1] 2channel charged ¥3,600 per year for the service, which was typically paid by credit card; logs of these payments were the source of the data leak.[51]

At the time of the leak, Watkins apologized on behalf of N. T. Technology, Inc., saying he was the victim of a "cyber attack" and that "some data [of my] customers was compromised."[37][52]

Domain seizure and split

On 19 February 2014, Jim Watkins, as chairman of N.T. Technology, Inc., 2channel's domain registrar, seized 2channel's domain. He took full control over the website, relieved Nishimura of all power, and assumed the role of website administrator.[15] Watkins made the kako rogu free to all users shortly after assuming control.[53]

Watkins claimed that Nishimura had failed to pay him money owed which led to the seizure as a way to cover Nishimura's debts,[54][55] while Nishimura claimed that he had in fact paid everything owed and that the domain transfer was an illegal domain hijacking.[56] In response, Nishimura created his own clone of 2channel at 2ch.sc [ja],[57] scraping the contents of the entire 2channel website and updating 2ch.sc as new posts appeared on 2ch.net. In a Q&A session on 4chan shortly after becoming the site's owner, Nishimura claimed that 2channel was stolen by Watkins.[58]

Nishimura has attempted to repossess the domain both through WIPO's Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy[59] and through the Japanese court system.[8] Through the Japan Patent Office, Nishimura owns the trademark "2channel",[60] though the WIPO refused to intervene on his behalf on account of that, suggesting the parties go to court instead as it was not, in its view, a case of "cybersquatting" but rather a "business dispute".[59]

Ron Watkins, Jim's son, in 2016 registered the trademark "5channel" in Japan.[61] On 1 October 2017, 2ch.net began redirecting to 5ch.net, a domain owned by Loki Technology, Inc.[62] The chairman of Loki Technology Inc. is also Jim Watkins;[63] his wife, Liziel, is the treasurer and majority shareholder.[36] According to a press release, the name was changed to 5channel to avoid potential legal issues due to Nishimura's ownership of the "2channel" trademark.[64]

Culture

 
A Nintendo DS browsing a thread on 2channel's automobile board as it appeared in 2008 via the Nintendo DS Browser.

Due to its large number of boards, the types of information exchanged on 2channel are very diverse.[2] There are boards for topics as diverse as sports, sex, celebrity gossip, computer programming[10] and ongoing earthquakes;[65] even some academic research has gotten its start on 2channel.[66]

Anonymous posting

One of the most distinctive features of 2channel is its use of anonymous posting.[2] Nishimura explained his reasons for preferring anonymity online to USC Annenberg's Japan Media Review thus:[7]

If there is a user ID attached to a user, a discussion tends to become a criticizing game. On the other hand, under the anonymous system, even though your opinion/information is criticized, you don't know with whom to be upset. Also with a user ID, those who participate in the site for a long time tend to have authority, and it becomes difficult for a user to disagree with them. Under a perfectly anonymous system, you can say, "it's boring," if it is actually boring. All information is treated equally; only an accurate argument will work.

However, a frequent criticism directed toward anonymous textboards like 2channel, most notably by Kazuhiko Nishi, is that their anonymous nature make them mere "toilet graffiti" (便所の落書き).[67][32] 2channel's anonymity is a departure from most English language internet forums which require some form of registration, usually coupled with email verification for further identification of an individual;[9] its anonymity in part inspired the creation of 4chan.[68] On 2channel, a name field is available, but it is seldom used.[69]: PT26  However, as open proxies such as the Tor network are banned from posting on 2channel, the administrators have some degree of ability to help law enforcement unmask users if necessary.[70][1]

Revenue

While 2channel and its successors are commercial, 2channel was moderated by volunteers.[5] 2channel relied on advertisements from "obscure" companies.[6] In 2007, it had an annual revenue of around ¥100 million.[10][11] Between 2009 and 2012, ¥200 million in ad profits were transferred to Nishimura's Singaporean shell company.[41][42]

As early as 2004, companies such as Dentsu were data mining the website for their clients, keeping them informed of how they were being portrayed by 2channel users;[6][g][71] by 2006, 75% of the content Dentsu analyzed on behalf of its customers was posted to 2channel.[14]

2channel also received revenue from subscription services like the aforementioned maru.[51] For its part, 5channel has a subscription service, "Premium Rōnin" (プレミアム浪人), that allows people outside Japan to post on it; this service also hides ads from its subscribers.[72][73]

Matome

2channel historically allowed anyone to use its data,[74] providing it in an easily parsable format;[f] this made it simple to create third party "dedicated browsers" (専用ブラウザ, sen'yō burauza) for posting on and using 2channel. The openness of the data allowed for the proliferation of matome saito (まとめサイト, summary websites) and afi burogu (アフィブログ, affiliate blogs), which summarize 2channel threads and attempt to collect what they see as the "best of" 2channel.[15] In 2007, due to growing discontentment towards such sites, Nishimura added a board, /poverty/,[h] which marked every post on it with the phrase tensai kinshi (転載禁止, transl. reproduction [of this post is] prohibited).[75] This caused many users to abandon other boards for that board.[76]

Watkins made it a priority to combat "piracy" of 5channel by third-party matome sites in March 2014,[77] adding tensai kinshi to many popular boards.[15] Such sites siphon users from 2channel itself, with some receiving in excess of 100 million monthly pageviews;[15] in one case a matome site earned its owner ¥300,000 per month.[77] Watkins followed up the rule change by restricting access to 2channel's data in March 2015, by requiring that dedicated browser authors use a special API to access 2channel's, and later 5channel's, thread data.[72][78][79]

Phenomena

Densha Otoko

Densha Otoko is a Japanese franchise consisting of a movie, television series, manga, and other media, all based on the purportedly true story of a 23-year-old man who intervened when a drunk man started to harass several women on a train. The man ultimately begins dating one of the women. The event and the man's subsequent dates with the woman, chronicled on 2channel, directly inspired the franchise.[80] Whether or not the original 2channel story is actually true is debated.[81]: 27 

Shift_JIS art

2channel and its successors, being textboards, cannot have images posted to them. Users get around this, however, by posting a more expressive form of ASCII art: Shift_JIS art.[82][i] Below is a small sample:

 
Gikoneko predated 2channel, yet was used on it as well. It frequently appears with the tagline itte yoshi (逝ってよし, fuck off).[26]
 
Mona, an early example, appeared first in 2000. Derives its name from its frequent tagline, omae mo na (お前もな, I know you are, but what am I?).[82]

Controversies

 
Debito Arudou, above, won a ¥1,100,000 libel judgment against 2channel in 2006 after Nishimura refused to delete posts calling Arudou a white supremacist.[83]

Slander and legal issues

During Hiroyuki's administration, he was often openly defiant of Japanese law, especially around libel, and his duty to follow it, telling Yomiuri Shimbun in March 2007:[2]

I don't have any intention of paying up to a country whose laws I don't respect. As long as they're not handing me the death sentence, I'm not backing down.

By May 2008, Nishimura had lost more than fifty libel lawsuits in Japanese civil courts, and had been assessed millions of dollars in penalties;[10] by August, according to him, he'd received more than one hundred lawsuits.[11] While according to the official pages of the website, slander was prohibited,[84] activists such as Debito Arudou claimed that the site did not actually respond to requests to delete posts in his case, returning mail unopened.[85] After the transfer to Packet Monster Inc., Arudou, who had still not received any of the court ordered penalty, wrote in an op-ed that Nishimura had only transferred his assets to increase his "unaccountability".[86] While Nishimura at that point had never paid any of the compensation courts ordered in his cases, in 2010 one of his plaintiffs was successful in getting compensated through the publisher of one of Nishimura's books.[1]

Crime announcements

Crime announcements (犯行予告) were a regular occurrence on 2channel, including of mass suicides and murders.[13] After the 2000 Neomugicha incident, in which a bus was hijacked by a man who posted on 2channel, police officers started regularly policing 2channel;[2] such surveillance only increased after the Akihabara massacre announced his 2008 attack on 2channel as well.[87][17] Former superintendent of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Tateshi Higuchi called the site a "den of iniquity".[88] According to The Japan Times, however, 2channel cooperated with police in the past to aid them in catching criminals using 2channel by giving police their IP addresses, from which their locations were determined.[1]

Such crime announcements have continued to be a problem on 5channel:[18][19] it was speculated that the man who carried out the Kyoto Animation arson attack posted an advance warning of the crime on 5channel.[89]

Far-right nationalism and anti-Korean hate speech

See also: Japanese nationalism, Ultranationalism, and Anti-Korean sentiment in Japan

2channel, with its massive size and anonymous posting, is abundant with slander, hate speech[6][90] and defamation against public figures, institutions, and minority ethnic groups.[91][92] Far-right users of 2channel are referred to as netto-uyoku, a term roughly analogous to "alt-right". Though the site has rules against posts illegal under Japanese law, the scale and anonymous nature of the site makes prompt deletions difficult to realize in practice. Furthermore, on occasion, 2channel has been accused of being reluctant to remove defamatory posts.[93][94]: 676  The discussion boards are also often used to coordinate real-life demonstrations; as an example, 2channel users organized an August 2011 rally against Fuji Television, their complaint being that the channel was broadcasting too many Korean television shows.[95] Sankei Shimbun reported in 2018 that 5channel, which received most of 2channel's users, has the same reputation for attracting netto-uyoku.[96]

2channel netto-uyoku frequently make racist comments against Koreans.[9][92] In 2009, it was even discovered that an Asahi Shimbun employee had posted racist remarks towards Koreans on 2channel.[97] After the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, fake news proliferated on 2channel, falsely accusing Chinese and Korean people of "plundering" evacuation centers.[98]

Technology

2channel operated on forum software that was considered innovative at the time of its founding, originally written by Hiroyuki himself,[99] but later replaced through the collective effort of his Unix-savvy users; the software is known as read.cgi.[2] It was a major departure from Usenet; however, when compared to other Japanese textboards at the time, such as Amezou, 2channel's format was not much different.[25][10]

Boards in the textboard software have their threads sorted by the time of their last post, so making a post would "bump" (上げ, age) the thread to the top of the board index. However, when posting in a thread, users may use a function known as sage (下げ, lit. lowering) to avoid bumping a thread in this way.[5][100] Often, posters will use sage on purpose, to avoid unwanted attention.[5]

Major outages

2010–2011 Korean DDoS

In response to racism towards Koreans by 2channel users, especially against Yuna Kim, an athlete who defeated Japan in the 2010 Vancouver Olympics, the site suffered an extended outage in March 2010 due to a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack conducted by a Korean hacking group.[87] The attack against Jim Watkins' Pacific Internet Exchange LLC affected other sites on the shared network as well, including some belonging to US government agencies; it is estimated to have cost US$2.5 million.[101] Watkins requested the American government investigate the event as an instance of "cyberterrorism";[34] according to him, sporadic DDoS attacks by Koreans continued into 2011.[102]

2015 8chan DDoS

Beginning on 8 January 2015, 8chan, also owned by Jim Watkins and hosted on the network of N. T. Technology, Inc., suffered an outage due to a DDoS attack. Due to the attack, 2ch.net, then owned by Watkins but not yet operated under the name 5channel, went down as well.[103] The attacks against the messageboards lasted until at least 13 January, leading "many 2channel users to become angry with the management".[104]

Societal impact

The 2channel forum is a Japanese internet phenomenon. This single site has more influence on Japanese popular opinion than the prime minister, the emperor and the traditional media combined. On one level, it serves as a fun, informative place for people to read product reviews, download software and compare everything from the size of their poop to quiz show answers. But conversations hosted here have also influenced stock prices, rallied support for philanthropic causes, organized massive synchronized dance routines, prevented terrorism and driven people to their deathbeds.

Lisa Katayama, Wired (2008)[2]

In September 2007, 2channel averaged over 2.4 million posts per day.[21][c] As of July 2020, 5channel had 1,031 boards receiving around 2.7 million posts per day on weekends,[22] with no growth since March 2016.[23][c] Meanwhile, 2ch.sc then had 826 boards receiving around 5,700 posts daily.[24][c] Due to its popularity, 2channel and its successors have had considerable influence on Japanese society.[2]

Children's use of 2channel

Use of sites like 2channel by minors is a major concern in Japan.[5] Some children's search sites, such as Kids Goo (キッズgoo), filtered textboards like 2channel.[105] In Tokyo, a local ordinance requires that internet service providers develop filters to prevent minors from accessing sites which could harm the "sound and wholesome fostering [of their youth]"; they must also confirm before installing a connection if any minors live in the household.[5]

Despite this, however, web filter provider Net Star in February 2007 released the results of a survey which showed that the utilization rate of 2channel for primary and secondary students was 12.2%.[106] In response to threads on 2channel about certain schools which were leading to cyberbullying, the Ministry of Education in 2008 released a 65-page manual for teachers and parents on how to handle the issue.[107] Concerned about the popularity of 2channel among children and teenagers, a team of childhood education professors at the University of the Ryukyus in 2009 published a paper making recommendations to lawmakers on how to curb such use.[108]

In February 2020, Nishimura himself wrote an op-ed in Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun warning parents about the dangers of allowing their children unfettered access to social media sites like YouTube and 2channel.[109]

Politicians and 2channel

Naoto Kan, a future Prime Minister who was then a member of the National Diet, sent a legal notice on 10 May 2000 demanding that 2channel delete a post by someone falsely claiming to be him.[110]

After the Liberal Democratic Party presidential election in 2007, Prime Minister Tarō Asō stated in a Fuji TV interview that he sometimes posts on 2channel.[111] During each election season, supporting posts for perennial candidates Matayoshi Jesus and Mac Akasaka were frequently made on 2channel, turning them into something of a meme,[112][113] similar to the repeated candidacies of Vermin Supreme in the United States. After more than ten failed candidacies for various political offices, including Governor of Tokyo, Akasaka was eventually elected to the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly, representing Minato, in April 2019.[112] Asahi Shimbun credited Akasaka's online fame with helping him win the surprise victory.[112]

2channel in the media

Japanese news organizations often relied on 2channel to determine the issues the public was thinking about, and for leads.[6] However, the mass media often reports on it negatively,[81]: 23  similar to how it reported on otaku culture a decade ago, before it went more mainstream, even though internet trends nowadays routinely slip through into other media.[114] The phrase "the online bulletin board says" (インターネットの掲示板で),[b] when used in reporting, may refer either to 2channel or to other forums. Movements spawned on 2channel often receive media attention, noting how the methods of 2channel activists break socially normative behavior and bring pressure to bear through sheer numbers.[81]: 25  Beyond this, though, 2channel posts were often a basis for media reports in Japan.[81]: 25, 32, 35 

TV programs have even featured 2channel's moderators and users;[13][115] comedian Hikari Ōta, for example, criticized Nishimura during a discussion on the Tokyo Broadcasting System's Sandējapon on the ideal limits of free expression as applied to social networks.[116]

Shokun! magazine, during its operation, ran a column known as Kōjimachi Denmō Sokkōjo (麹町電網測候所, lit. Kōjimachi internet weather station) which shared "patriotic" 2channel posts.[117] Weekly Bunshun (週刊文春, published by Bungeishunjū), meanwhile, has been criticized for being seen as overly pro-2channel and relying on its posts too much in its reporting.[118]

See also

Footnotes

Notes

  1. ^ a b 2ch.sc calls itself 2ちゃんねる, just as the former 2ch.net did. When it is necessary to differentiate 2ch.net from 2ch.sc in Japanese, the form 2ちゃんねる (2ch.sc) is often used.[16]
  2. ^ a b 2channel, and other sites like it, are called keijiban (掲示板) in Japanese. This word literally translates to "bulletin board", but in English, that word only refers to older text-based systems, not web bulletin boards like 2channel. Therefore, the correct translation is "textboard" in English.
  3. ^ a b c d e f These statistics are self-reported.
  4. ^ The full name of the law, Act No. 94 of 1991, is An Act Concerning Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conducts and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation (国際的な協力の下に規制薬物に係る不正行為を助長する行為等の防止を図るための麻薬及び向精神薬取締法等の特例等に関する法律).
  5. ^ The service received the nickname maru (lit. circle) on account of the fact that users of it could signal their support of 2channel by attaching a "●" to their post in the name field, which other users could not do.[49]
  6. ^ a b 2channel threads were encoded in a quasi-open standard known as ".dat". 5channel's official documentation includes examples.
  7. ^ Gala is a division of Dentsu.
  8. ^ Similar to the boards on the sites it inspired, like 4chan's /pol/, boards on 2channel are, by convention, referred to by the ends of their URLs.
  9. ^ "More expressive", here, is used in the sense that more art is possible with Shift_JIS art than would be possible with ASCII art due to the larger character set of the Shift_JIS encoding.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Matsutani, Minoru (6 April 2010). . The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 9 April 2010. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Katayama, Lisa (19 April 2007). "2-Channel Gives Japan's Famously Quiet People a Mighty Voice". Wired. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  3. ^ a b Nishimura, Hiroyuki. "２ちゃんねるガイド：基本" [2channel FAQ]. 2ch.sc. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2020. 2ch.sc is managed and operated by PACKET MONSTER INC. and more.
  4. ^ [5channel board list]. 5channel (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 4 October 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2020. 【大使館 (Embassy)】Anime & Manga / Books / Comics & Cartoons / Computers / [...]
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Kaigo, Muneo; Watanabe, Isao (1 July 2007). "Ethos in Chaos? Reaction to Video Files Depicting Socially Harmful Images in the Channel 2 Japanese Internet Forum". Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 12 (4): 1248–1268. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00372.x.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Ōnishi, Norimitsu (9 May 2004). "Japanese Find a Forum to Vent Most-Secret Feelings". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
  7. ^ a b Furukawa, Hideki (22 August 2003). . Japan Media Review. USC Annenberg. Archived from the original on 22 December 2003. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  8. ^ a b c In re: Race Queen Inc., 平成29年(ワ)第3428号 (Tokyo District Court) ("被告は，平成１６年から平成２９年９月３０日まで，継続して本件電子掲示板を管理・運営し [From 2004 to at least September 30, 2017, the defendants operated the textboard.]").Text
  9. ^ a b c d e Sakamoto, Rumi (7 March 2011). . The Asia-Pacific Journal. 9 (10). Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h Katayama, Lisa (19 May 2008). "Meet Hiroyuki Nishimura, the Bad Boy of the Japanese Internet". Wired. from the original on 27 May 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  11. ^ a b c d Shibui, Tetsuya (26 August 2008). "2channel founder says don't blame him for criminals' posts". Shūkan Gendai. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2020 – via Japan Today.
  12. ^ a b McLaughlin, Timothy (6 August 2019). "The Weird, Dark History of 8chan". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h Adelstein, Jake (26 September 2015). "Will 4Chan's Shady New Owner Weaponize It?". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  14. ^ a b Martin, Alex (24 January 2009). "2channel founder ponders next step after forum's sale". The Japan Times. from the original on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2020. Speculation abounds, however, that the move may be a legal trick to deflect further lawsuits filed against Nishimura for the site's frequently libelous content.
  15. ^ a b c d e f Akimoto, Akky (20 March 2014). "Who holds the deeds to gossip bulletin board 2channel?". The Japan Times Online. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  16. ^ For an example, see "「２ちゃんねる」と「５ちゃんねる」は何が違うのか" [What's the difference between 2channel and 5channel?]. Monolith Law Office (in Japanese). 8 May 2020. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  17. ^ a b "Four people arrested in Japan for copycat threats". The Canadian Press. 17 June 2008. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2020 – via CTV News.
  18. ^ a b "兵庫県警、5ちゃんねるに大量殺人予告の書き込みをした男を逮捕" [Hyogo Prefecture Police arrests man who wrote of his plan to commit mass murder on 5channel]. Zaikei Shimbun (in Japanese). 17 May 2019. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  19. ^ a b [Terrorist plot posted to online textboard, suspect, a university student, is arrested]. Kobe Shimbun (in Japanese). 15 May 2019. Archived from the original on 16 May 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  20. ^ a b "Prosecution of 2channel founder draws flak". The Japan Times. 26 December 2012. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  21. ^ a b . 19 October 2007. Archived from the original on 19 October 2007. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  22. ^ a b "SPARROW5ch". 5ch Officially Reported Statistics. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  23. ^ a b "SPARROW5ch". 5ch Officially Reported Statistics. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  24. ^ a b "投稿数統計＠2ch掲示板". 2ch.sc Officially Reported Statistics. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h Tanahashi, Gō (1 December 2007). "イマジナリー・コミュニケーションI ~顧客間インタラクションと2 ちゃんねる~" [Imaginary Communication I ~Customer interaction and 2channel~]. Nara Sangyo University Journal of Industrial Economics (in Japanese). Nara Sangyo University. 22 (3): 141–160. OCLC 1059584274. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 – via CiNii.
  26. ^ a b c d e f Stryker, Cole (2011). Epic Win for Anonymous: How 4chan's Army Conquered the Web. New York: The Overlook Press. pp. 133–134. ISBN 9781590207383. 2channel was based on a previous text board called Ayashii World, the first big anonymous text board in Japan... Ayashii World, like many anonymous chan boards, experienced so much downtime that its owner began to receive death threats, prompting him to shut down the board in 1998.
  27. ^ a b c d e Barubora (ばるぼら) (10 May 2005). 教科書には載らないニッポンのインターネットの歴史教科書 [The history of the Japanese internet you won't find in any textbook] (in Japanese). Shōeisha. p. 271. ISBN 978-4798106571. (260) 「内部告発」板は企業の裏事情や差別問題などを扱う板で、ここが6月１９日に突如消減したのだ。[...] ただ他のスレッドでもあやうい告発が続いており、例えば暴力団の資金源に関するスレッドてでは、あめぞう氏の本名など個人情報をちらつかせ脅迫するような書きさ込みもあったりと、いつ閉鎖しても不思議ではない状態にあった。¶夏ごろ(一説には6月には既にちらほら見られたそうだ)に増殖を繰り返し、設置されたほとんどの掲示板を壊減的状態に追いやった。[...] そして管理されない姿を見かねたのか、はたまた苦情が相次いどだのか、「まいたいねっと」側がか掲示板のパーミッションを落としはじめ、１０月１４日にメイン板の「＠広場」が停止。[The "whistleblowing board" was suddenly shut down on June 19 [1999]. [...] In a thread on the sources of money of organized crime gangs, a threat was implied against Amezou's owner, and he was doxed. It was not strange to close it. Around summer (one source says it began in June), most of the boards were in a broken state. [...] ¶And, either due to not being able to countenance the unmaintained state of Amezou, or because the complaints were coming one after another, the host, Maitai Net, started returning 403 errors upon visits to the bulletin board. On October 14, "@Square", the main board, stopped functioning.]
  28. ^ Machkovech, Sam (21 September 2015). "Imageboard sites 4chan, 8chan announce new ownership arrangements". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  29. ^ a b Chiel, Ethan (19 April 2016). "Meet the man keeping 8chan, the world's most vile website, alive". Splinter News. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2020. They figured out a loophole in Japanese censorship rules," [...] Adult material in Japan has to be censored, but…Japanese people could access content that resides outside of Japan. Bingo. The work we did in the following years was really just marketing uncensored Japanese content to users in Japan.
  30. ^ Matsumura, Naohiro; Miura, Asako; Shibanai, Yasufumi; Ohsawa, Yukio; Nishida, Toyoaki (1 January 2005). "The dynamism of 2channel". AI & Society. 19: 84–92. doi:10.1007/s00146-004-0302-5. S2CID 15396920. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021.
  31. ^ Tetsuya, Ozaki (11 November 2004). . Redesigning Tokyo. 4 (1). Archived from the original on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 3 July 2020 – via RealTokyo.
  32. ^ a b Gotō, Masayuki (1 June 2015). 「2ちゃんねる」との対話――新しい世論集団の可能性と問題点 [Conversation with "2channel," a Huge Japanese Internet Bulletin Board Service : Possibilities and Problems of a New-type Public Opinion Group]. Seijō Bungei (in Japanese). Seijo University Literature Department: 1. ISSN 0286-5718. 筆者がはじめて、インターネット巨大掲示板「2ちゃんねる」に触れたのは、9・11テロがまさに進行中の時だった。［⋯］この時点で、ネット検索に出てきたのが、当時から「便所の落書き」「痰壷」などと露悪的に自称していた（それゆえに筆者は接触しないようにしていた）「2ch」の書き込みだった。 [I first touched the huge internet bulletin board "2channel" when the 9/11 terror attacks were in progress. Up to then, I had no interest in 2ch as online searches only brought up results deprecating it a "spittoon" and home of "toilet graffiti".]
  33. ^ Nishimura, Hiroyuki (5 June 2002). [Welcome to 2channel] (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 5 June 2002. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  34. ^ a b "2chサーバのデータセンター、「サイバーテロ」として米機関に調査依頼へ" [2ch data center requests American government investigate "cyber terrorism" against it]. ITmedia NEWS (in Japanese). 2 March 2010. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  35. ^ Watkins, Jim (10 April 2007). ２ちゃんねるのサーバ事情　前編 [2channel server update] (Niconico Douga) (in English and Japanese). 14:13 minutes in. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Ni channel will be right here and the next one over. Alright, now we have two facilities, and this is the new facility. This whole area here, about tennis court-sized, is Pacific Internet Exchange, our area. We're going to do it in sections, that's why we moved from the other side where it's all...many different companies. This is our section.
  36. ^ a b c Harwell, Drew; McLaughlin, Timothy (12 September 2019). . Washington Post. Archived from the original on 13 September 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  37. ^ a b c "「2ちゃんねるビューア」に不正アクセス--個人情報が流出" [2channel viewer users' personal information leaked]. CNET Japan (in Japanese). 26 August 2013. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2020. N.T.Technologyは8月26日、不正アクセスによって同社の提供する「2ちゃんねるビューア」の顧客情報が流出したことを発表し、謝罪した。流出した情報の範囲とその原因については「現在調査中」としているが、約3万件のクレジットカード番号や氏名、住所、電話番号などの情報が流出したと見られる。[On August 26, N.T. Technology announced that the customer information of the "2channel viewer" stored by the company was leaked due to unauthorized access and apologized. Although the range of information leaked and the cause of the leak are said to be "under investigation," about 30,000 credit card numbers, names, addresses, telephone numbers, and other information are thought to have leaked.]
  38. ^ Tachikawa, Yū (2 January 2009). [2channel, have you abandoned Japan, "land with no freedom of speech"?]. Sankei Shimbun (in Japanese). MSN. Archived from the original on 21 January 2009. Retrieved 10 January 2009.
  39. ^ Nagai, Michiko (2 January 2009). "西村博之氏、2ちゃんねるを企業に譲渡" [Hiroyuki Nishimura transfers 2channel to a company]. CNET Japan (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  40. ^ 警察庁長官:悪質管理者「検挙も」…掲示板の違法情報放置 [Commissioner General of the National Police Agency: "Arrest" malicious administrators too... They left illegal content online.]. Mainichi Shimbun (in Japanese). 27 December 2012. from the original on 30 December 2012 – via Livedoor. Alt URL
  41. ^ a b Ōta, Seiichi (24 August 2013). 申告漏れ:２ちゃんねる元管理人が１億円 広告収入の一部、譲渡後も関与裏付け [2channel's former administrator failed to declare 100 million yen of advertising revenue and participation in BBS even management after transfer]. Mainichi Shimbun (in Japanese). from the original on 9 August 2013. ２ちゃんねるの広告収入は東京プラスなどを経由して、０９〜１２年の４年間に約３億５０００万円がシンガポールの会社に送金された。[...] 残る約２億円も、この会社がペーパーカンパニーとみられることから、国税当局は西村氏の個人所得と認定。[Through Tokyo Plus KK, among others, in the four years between 2009 and 2012, ¥≈350 million was transferred to the Singaporean company. Since it is considered a shell company, the National Tax Agency has determined the profit of ¥200 million to be personal income of Nishimura.]
  42. ^ a b [2channel creator "Hiroyuki" failed to declare 100 million yen of his income, Tokyo office of the National Tax Agency points out]. NHK News Web (in Japanese). 24 August 2013. Archived from the original on 27 August 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2020. 過少申告加算税などを含む追徴税額は３０００万円に上り、すでに納付されたと見られます。[The additional amount assessed by the National Tax Agency, 30 million yen, has already been paid.] (To view the archive, JavaScript must be disabled in your browser. Alternate convenience link)
  43. ^ a b c 作家は暴言謝罪、不倫もバレる？ 2ちゃん情報流出騒動 [The 2channel information leak]. AERA dot (in Japanese). Asahi Shimbun. 20 September 2013. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021.
  44. ^ Akimoto, Akky (17 September 2013). . The Japan Times Online. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021.
  45. ^ Tabuchi, Yoshirō (25 September 2013). "あの人が書き込みを……2ch情報流出の波紋" ["That person wrote this..."—the ripples of the 2channel leak]. PRESIDENT Online (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2020. この件で1番怖いのは、匿名を盾に誰がどんなことを書き込んでいたかが明らかになってしまったことだ。2ちゃんねるが最も封印せねばならない部分が、白日の下に晒されたのだ。有名なライトノベル作家が他の作家を数百回にわたって誹謗中傷した事実が明らかになり、本人がホームページで謝罪に追い込まれた。某2ちゃんねるまとめサイトの管理人はあらし行為を謝罪、サイトの閉鎖を発表した。流出したメールアドレスからは、某政治家、某大学准教授の名前、中央省庁、マスコミ各社、商社、通信会社、国内外の有名大学まで驚くような名前が並ぶ。[The scariest thing about this matter is that it became clear who was writing what behind the shield of anonymity. What 2channel was most expected to keep secret was instead exposed in broad daylight. It was revealed that a famous light novel writer slandered other writers hundreds of times, and he was forced to apologize on his website. A certain 2channel matome site owner apologized for trolling and announced that his site would close. You can see the names of politicians, an associate professor at a university, central government agency staff, media company staff, trading company staff, telecommunications company staff, and staff of famous universities in Japan and abroad from the leaked list of emails.]
  46. ^ Sato, Yuma (27 August 2013). . BIGLOBEニュース (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 30 August 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2020. 2channel personal information leak incident: AKB staff member account leaked? What's all the fuss about!?
  47. ^ ＜個人情報流出余波＞書き込みバレて"公開処刑" [[Personal information leak aftermath] The leak of posts is like a "public execution"]. Tokyo Sports (in Japanese). 29 August 2013. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. 巨大ネット掲示板「２ちゃんねる」の有料サービス会員の個人情報約７万４０００件が流出した件で [About 74,000 customers of giant internet bulletin board "2channel" had their personal information exposed online.]
  48. ^ "「サーバーを確保しました」 「2ちゃんねる」に何が起きたのか 運営費がひっ迫？" [2channel: "I've secured the servers"...what happened? Is the site in financial trouble?]. ITmedia NEWS (in Japanese). 19 February 2014. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2020. 「●」こと「2ちゃんねるビューア」で昨年8月に発覚したユーザー情報流出だ。[The user information leak that happened in August of last year had its source in "●", also known as the "2channel viewer".]
  49. ^ Shinjō, Masaaki (4 March 2002). "２ちゃんねる、専用ビューワーを使った有料サービスをスタート" [2channel launches paid service for users of dedicated viewers]. Windows Forest (in Japanese). Impress KK. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2020. このほか有料サービスに登録すると、名前欄に“●”を使って書き込むことができるとのこと。なお、有料サービスがスタートした1日以降、一般ユーザーが名前欄に“●”を使おとしても、サーバー側で“○”に置換されて書き込まれるようになった。 [Those who subscribe to the service can also write a «●» in the name field of their posts. It should be noted that when those who are not subscribed put a «●» in the name field, the server replaces it with a «○».]
  50. ^ "5ちゃんねる（旧2ちゃんねる）の過去ログを閲覧する方法とは？" [How can I read threads in the "past log" on 5channel (formerly 2channel)?]. 誹謗中傷ドットネット (in Japanese). ATB Law Corporation (弁護士法人ATB). 1 June 2018. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  51. ^ a b Sudō, Tatsuya (9 September 2013). [Around 30,000 members of 2channel have had their card numbers and other information leaked]. Asahi Shimbun. Archived from the original on 26 August 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2020. While anyone can read 2channel for free, only members who pay 3600 yen per month can search the archive of old threads.
  52. ^ Watkins, Jim (26 August 2013). "不正アクセスによるお客様情報流出に関するお詫びとご報告" [Apology and report regarding leak of customer information due to unauthorized access]. 2channel Viewer (in Japanese and English). from the original on 26 August 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2020. N.T.Technology, inc was a victim of a cyber attack earlier today. Some data for customers was compromised. Your data may have been compromised.
  53. ^ Koyama, Morio. "2ch埋め立てと逆SEO" [2ch "landfill" (posting up to 1000 posts to get a thread moved into the kako rogu) and reverse SEO]. 株式会社WEB広報 [Web Public Relations KK]. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  54. ^ Watkins, Jim (19 February 2014). . BBSPink. Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2020. The previous management was not able to generate enough income to pay the bills for the expenses of running 2ch.
  55. ^ Beran, Dale (30 July 2019). It Came From Something Awful (eBook ed.). New York. ¶21.48. ISBN 978-1-250-18974-5. OCLC 1048938602. When 2channel began having financial trouble as a result of the controversy, Watkins used the opportunity to seize control of the site, citing its failure to pay its outstanding bills.
  56. ^ Nishimura, Hiroyuki (1 April 2014). "昨今の２ちゃんねるの現状に関して。" [Regarding the current status of 2channel]. 2ch.sc (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  57. ^ "現2chは「違法な乗っ取り」状態──ひろゆき氏？が新サイト「2ch.sc」開設を予告" [2ch is now in a state of "illegal takeover", says Hiroyuki (?); announces opening of "2ch.sc"]. ITmedia ニュース (in Japanese). 1 April 2014. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
  58. ^ Nishimura, Hiroyuki (22 September 2015). "Q&A Session with Hiroyuki Nishimura". 4chan. Bibliotheca Anonoma. Retrieved 28 June 2020 – via Desu Archive.
  59. ^ a b Gabriela Kennedy; et al. (28 July 2016). "WIPO Domain Name Decision: D2016-1025 (2ch.net)". World Intellectual Property Organization. Retrieved 17 May 2020. The Panel finds it prudent to note that the Policy is intended to handle cases of cybersquatting. Any potential business dispute between the Parties may be more appropriately addressed through court proceedings rather than through the Policy.
  60. ^ In re trademark registration T5843569, 無効2017-890013 (Invalidity case 2017-890013) (Japan Patent Office 26 July 2019) ("本件電子掲示板の事業が請求人（レースクイーン社）に適法に譲渡されたことを示す証拠はない [There is no evidence that the electronic BBS business was legally transferred to the plaintiff (Race Queen Inc).]").
  61. ^ Kurihara, Kiyoshi (10 October 2017). "２ちゃんねる名称変更事件に関する知財関係状況整理（栗原潔）" [Sorting out the intellectual property situation which has led to the 2channel name change incident]. Yahoo! News Japan (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  62. ^ Ishizuka, Fumito (2 October 2017). "「5ちゃんねる」に名称変更 ネット掲示板、権利紛争か" [Following a dispute over rights to bulletin board, name changes to "5channel"]. Nihon Keizai Shimbun (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  63. ^ Office of the Solicitor General vs. James Arthur Watkins, in re: Petition for Naturalization, R-PSG-18-03091-SP, Petition by James Arthur Watkins (Pasig Regional Trial Court Branch 166) ("[James Arthur Watkins] married Liziel O. Watkins ("Liziel"), of legal age and a Filipina, on 20 November 2001. [...] He is currently the Chairman of Race Queen Inc., Emerald Pedistal Properties Inc., and Loki Technology Incorporated.").Text—via The Manila Times.
  64. ^ "５ちゃんねる掲示板へようこそ" [Welcome to 5channel]. 6 October 2017. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 6 October 2017. 権利関係に関する無用な紛争を生じさせず「・・・」掲示板の名称を新たに「5ちゃんねる」へと変更しました。[The name of the textboard has been changed to 5channel to help avoid future unnecessary disputes regarding our rights to operate it.]
  65. ^ "ネット地震情報震源地はやはり2ちゃんねる!" [The earthquake information epicenter is 2channel!]. ITmedia News (in Japanese). 7 November 2003. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  66. ^ Tanaka, Kazuo (2015). "インターネットにおける論文不正発覚史" [A history of academic research on the internet which wasn't officially sanctioned] (PDF). Journal of the Japan Skeptics (24): 4–9.
  67. ^ （アスキー、2001.08、ウェブアーカイブ）("2channel is flawed!" Kazuhiko Nishi, Special Advisor to ASCII - "2channel held Nishi Kick-off Party" (originally published on ASCII dated August 2001; archived on WebArchive.))
  68. ^ Robertson, Adi (21 September 2015). "The man whose site inspired 4chan is now running 4chan". The Verge. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  69. ^ Olson, Parmy (5 June 2012). We Are Anonymous: Inside the Hacker World of LulzSec, Anonymous, and the Global Cyber Insurgency. Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-316-21353-0.
  70. ^ "プロキシサーバ利用でTor拒否サイトを突破する" [Using proxy servers to break through website security mechanisms that block Tor]. ラジオライフ [Radio Life] (in Japanese). SansaiBooks KK. 18 December 2015. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2020. Tor経由では、2ちゃんねるにはアクセスできません。[2channel blocks access from those who use Tor.]
  71. ^ Goggin, Gerard; McLelland, Mark (17 February 2017). The Routledge Companion to Global Internet Histories. Taylor & Francis. p. 418. ISBN 978-1-317-60765-6.
  72. ^ a b [[Sad news] 2channel has put matome sites in a big pinch! They've developed a way to forbid access to 2channel .dat files!]. 秒刊SUNDAY (in Japanese). 13 March 2015. Archived from the original on 13 March 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  73. ^ "よくある質問 | プレミアムRonin (浪人)" [FAQ | Premium service Ronin]. 5channel. Zero KK. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  74. ^ Nishimura, Hiroyuki (15 August 2007). [Welcome to the 2channel forum!]. 2channel. Archived from the original on 15 August 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2020. ２ちゃんねるのデータの利用に関して、原則的に自由ですが、 ２ちゃんねるのデータ自体を利用して対価を取る行為はご遠慮下さい。[As a general rule, you are free to use 2channel's data. However, please refrain from profiting from it.]
  75. ^ "なぜ2ちゃんねるは「転載禁止」を選んだのか――「まとめサイトVS住民」繰り返す歴史" [Why did 2channel choose to implement tensai kinshi? A lookback at the battle between matome sites and 2channel's users]. ITmediaニュース. Netlab (in Japanese). 6 March 2014. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2020. 2007年末には、営利目的への無断転載を禁止する「ニュース速報（嫌儲）」板が設けられた。[At the end of 2007, the /poverty/ board ("Newsoku – Poverty") was set up, which prohibited unauthorized reproduction of its contents for profit.]
  76. ^ "2ch「ステマ」戦争 人気板が住民大移動で一気に縮小、その背景の事情と心情" [2ch's "stealth marketing" war: Popular board shrinks due to mass migration, why?]. ITmedia NEWS (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  77. ^ a b "創設者の西村博之氏と現管理人が対立。騒動をきっかけに様々な「疑惑」が噴出している。" [Hiroyuki Nishimura is in conflict with [2channel's] current manager. Suspicions are coming to the surface in the chaos.]. FACTA ONLINE (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  78. ^ Ichikawa, Yūkichi (9 March 2015). ""２ちゃんねる"の新APIに対応した２ちゃんビューワー「Live2ch」v1.34" [Live2ch v1.34 released with support for new 2channel API]. Windows Forest (in Japanese). Impress KK. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2020. 今月3日以降、２ちゃんねる専用ブラウザーの開発・公開には「Jane Style」の開発元であるジェーン社などから許諾を受けたうえで新しいAPIを利用する必要が生じている。[Since the 3rd of this month, it is necessary to use the new API. Dedicated browser developers must get permission from the developer of JaneStyle to publish a 2channel dedicated browser.]
  79. ^ "開発者の皆さまへ" [To all developers]. 5channel. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2020. 5ch.net 専用ブラウザ（以下「専用ブラウザ」）を開発、公開するには、5ch.net の所有者である Loki Technology, Inc. の許諾を得て、5ch.net が提供する API（以下「API」）を用いる必要があります。ウェブスクレイピングを用いた専用ブラウザの開発、公開は禁止されています。株式会社ジェーンは Loki Technology, Inc. との契約で 5ch.net 専用ブラウザ開発者に対し API の使用許諾を出す権限を受けていますが、これは排他的な権限ではありません。[To develop and publish a 5ch.net dedicated browser, the API we provide must be used. The development of dedicated browsers that work via parsing HTML is prohibited. Loki Technology Inc. has granted Jane KK the non-exclusive privilege of granting licenses to our API.]
  80. ^ Fisch, Michael (2009). "War by Metaphor in Densha Otoko". Mechademia. 4 (1): 131–146. doi:10.1353/mec.0.0078. ISSN 2152-6648. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021.
  81. ^ a b c d Youssef, Sandra (2009). Geeks and Creeps in No Name Land: Triangulating Anonymity, 2channel and Densha Otoko. University of British Columbia Anthropology Department. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
  82. ^ a b Katayama, Lisa (19 June 2008). "Art and ASCII: The Stories Behind All Those Brackets, Slashes, and Carets". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  83. ^ [2channel admin ordered to pay compensation; textboard neglected duty to delete libel]. Asahi Shimbun (in Japanese). 20 January 2006. Archived from the original on 3 February 2006. Retrieved 23 May 2020. 判決によると、同掲示板に０４年３～１２月、有道さんが人種差別主義者であるかのような中傷などが１２件掲載されたが、管理人は有道さんの削除要請に応じなかった。 [In total, twelve slanderous messages were posted calling Arudou a white supremacist between March and December 2004. The admin ignored his request they be deleted.]
  84. ^ [2channel FAQ]. 2ch.net. 9 February 2007. Archived from the original on 9 February 2007. Retrieved 20 May 2020. また、一般人の誹謗中傷・私生活情報暴露は禁止します。[Further, to slander or expose the personal information of an ordinary member of the public is forbidden.]
  85. ^ "Looking for the Law in Online Japan's Wild West". Online Journalism Review. USC Annenberg. 2 February 2006. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2020. In December 2004 through February 2005, I notified 2-Channel by e-mail at their designated address where you request deletions. They never answered. Nor did the defamatory posts come down. So my lawyers contacted the owner, a Mr. Nishimura, by registered snail mail, several times. Returned by the post office unopened. We did check to make sure Mr. Nishimura was residing there, of course. So we sued. And believe it or not, Mr. Nishimura never answered any court communiques, never appeared in court, never offered any acknowledgment whatsoever. That’s irresponsible on all counts.
  86. ^ Arudou, Debito (3 February 2009). "2channel: the bullies' forum". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  87. ^ a b Hiyama, Hiroshi (5 March 2010). "Japan's hate-filled top web forum". Agence France-Presse. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2020 – via The Telegraph.
  88. ^ Ashcraft, Brian (10 December 2012). "Japanese Internet Mogul Hit with Drug Accusations". Kotaku. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  89. ^ "京アニ放火、直前の「意味深」書き込みで広がる憶測 SNS、まとめブログなどが拡散するが..." [It's speculated the KyoAni arsonist wrote posts suggestive of his plans on social media. Matome sites are spreading the posts, but...]. J-CAST ニュース (in Japanese). 18 July 2019. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  90. ^ Fuchs, Tamara; Schäfer, Fabian (6 January 2020). "Normalizing misogyny: hate speech and verbal abuse of female politicians on Japanese Twitter". Japan Forum. 33 (4): 553–579. doi:10.1080/09555803.2019.1687564. ISSN 0955-5803. S2CID 213983501.
  91. ^ Salzberg, Chris (11 December 2007). "Japan: Flaming and the secrets we hide". Global Voices. Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
  92. ^ a b McLelland, Mark J. (December 2008). "'Race' on the Japanese internet: discussing Korea and Koreans on '2-channeru'". New Media and Society. 10 (6): 811–829. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.691.4872. doi:10.1177/1461444808096246. S2CID 10037117 – via University of Wollongong Library.
  93. ^ Arudou, Debito (18 January 2006). . Debito.org. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
  94. ^ Chander, Anupam (2014). "How Law Made Silicon Valley" (PDF). Emory Law Journal. 63 (3): 639–694. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
  95. ^ Jong-Koo, Yoon (9 August 2011). "Japan's right-wing groups hold rallies vs. Korean pop culture". The Dong-a Ilbo. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
  96. ^ Endō, Kaoru (29 July 2018). "ネトウヨ ユーチューブ「大量削除」の波紋 遠藤薫氏" [The repercussions of YouTube's mass banning of netto-uyoku]. iRONNA (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2020 – via Sankei Shimbun. そもそも今回の「運動」は、２ちゃんねる（現５ちゃんねる）から「ネトウヨ」に対するカウンターとして始まった。２ちゃんねるが「ネトウヨ」の活動場所とみなされることが多い現状から考えると、この「運動」を不思議に思う人もいるのではないか。[In the first place, this "exercise" started as a way to counter netto-uyoku users from 2channel (5channel). Considering the current situation where 2channel is often regarded as the activity place of the netto-uyoku, there are surely some who find this "exercise" perplexing.]
  97. ^ "朝日新聞編集局員が2chで荒らし 差別表現投稿で「厳正処分」" [Asahi Shimbun editor trolls on 2channel; newspaper promises to strictly dispose of any employee who posts racist comments]. ITmedia NEWS (in Japanese). 1 April 2009. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  98. ^ Slater, David H.; Nishimura, Keiko; Kindstrand, Love (7 June 2012). . The Asia-Pacific Journal. 10 (24). Archived from the original on 24 September 2016.
  99. ^ Tetsuya, Ozaki (11 November 2004). "100: Redesigning Tokyo". REALTOKYO. Out of Tokyo. Retrieved 20 May 2020. Hiroyuki single-handedly created the program for his groundbreaking, autonomous/anonymous media when he had "time to spare" during studies in the USA.
  100. ^ Kawaguchi, Masaki (2009). [What is sage?]. Infoseek Dictionary Japan. Heibonsha KK. Archived from the original on 14 September 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  101. ^ サービス妨害攻撃の対策等調査 [Survey on countermeasures against denial of service attacks] (PDF). Information Technology Promotion Agency Security Center, Government of Japan. 1 December 2010. p. 29. ただし、米国政府機関など複数のサイトに被害が発生したことから、FBI等が捜査に乗り出し、把握されている被害額は約250万ドルに上るとされている。[However, due to damage to multiple sites including those of US government agencies, the FBI and others have launched an investigation and it is estimated that the amount of damage is about $2.5 million.]
  102. ^ Watkins, Jim (10 February 2011). 【２ちゃんねる】Jim Watkins氏より緊急メッセージ [【2channel】An urgent message from Jim Watkins] (Niconico Douga) (in English and Japanese). Archived from the original on 27 October 2021.
  103. ^ Machkovech, Sam (8 January 2015). "8chan, related sites go down in Lizard Squad-powered DDoS". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  104. ^ "「2ちゃんねる」サーバーダウンがとまらない サイバー攻撃の影響も受けユーザー「激おこ」" [2channel servers are still down. Affected 2channel users are very angry.]. J-CAST News (in Japanese). The Japan Times. 13 January 2015. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2020. 年末から続く不調に、運営側に怒りの矛先を向ける人も少なくない。[Due to the bad condition (of the infrastructure) which has continued since year's end, many users are angry with the management.]
  105. ^ Mochimaru, Kōjirō (2005). 迷惑メール・スパイウェアの撃退法!: 情報の盗難・ウイルス・詐欺から身を守る [Keep Spam/Spyware Away! How to Protect Yourself from Identity Theft, Viruses, and Fraud]. とっておきの秘技 [Secret Techniques] (in Japanese). MyNavi Publishing KK [株式会社マイナビ出版]. Niigata: C&R Institute [C&R研究所]. p. 228. ISBN 978-4-903111-04-9.
  106. ^ "ネット使用小中学生の12％「2ちゃんねる」利用「ちょっと早過ぎ」2ちゃんねらーも戸惑う" [12% of elementary and junior high school students use "2channel"; 2channel natives dismayed: "a little too early"]. J-CAST News (in Japanese). 2 February 2007. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  107. ^ 「ネット上のいじめ」に関する対応マニュアル・事例集（学校・教員向け） [Guidance on coping with "cyberbullying" and a collection of cases (intended for schools and teachers)] (in Japanese). Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. 2008. p. 2.
  108. ^ Yonemori, Tokuichi; Nakama, Masahiro; Miyagi, Hiroyuki (1 March 2009). "沖縄県の青少年健全育成に向けた情報モラル教育のあり方 ～ネット上の有害サイトから子ども達を守る方策を考える～" [The Research of Information Moral Education For the Youth Healthy Training in Okinawa ~The policy which protects children from the harmful sites on the Internet~]. Bulletin of the Center for Educational Practice, University of the Ryukyus. University of the Ryukyus. 16: 1–11. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021.
  109. ^ Nishimura, Hiroyuki (27 February 2020). "YouTubeは13歳以下だと登録NG。子供をネットの危険から守るには？" [YouTube shouldn't be used by kids under 13—why it is necessary to protect children from the dangers of the internet.]. Nikkan SPA! (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  110. ^ Nishimura, Hiroyuki (13 June 2000). [Notice sent to 2channel from Democratic Party's Naoto Kan]. 2channel (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 27 January 2003. Retrieved 28 May 2020 – via Infoseek Japan: 2channel Log.
  111. ^ [Taro Aso: 2chan? Yes, I post on there sometimes.]. Sankei Shimbun (in Japanese). 6 October 2007. Archived from the original on 9 October 2007. Retrieved 21 May 2020 – via MSN Japan.
  112. ^ a b c "マック赤坂氏、港区議選に初当選 奇抜な政見放送で話題" [Mac Akasaka wins Minato City election for the first time—received attention from unusual political broadcasts]. Asahi Shinbun (in Japanese). 22 April 2019. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2020. マック赤坂氏は「スマイル党」を立ち上げ、２０１６年の東京都知事選や国政選挙など、過去に１０回以上立候補。政見放送に奇抜な服装で臨むなどして、ネット上で話題を呼んできた。[Mac Akasaka, founder of the "Smile Party", has run for various offices, including national offices, more than ten times, such as in 2016 when he was a candidate for governor of Tokyo. The eccentric garments he wears during his political broadcasts, among other things he does online, have given him considerable attention.]
  113. ^ Murakami, Kōsuke (22 April 2019). "初当選マック赤坂氏「又吉イエスさんに報告したい」" [Elected for first time, Mac Akasaka says: "I wish I could share this news with the late Matayoshi Jesus."]. Nikkan Sports (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  114. ^ St Michel, Patrick (27 April 2019). . The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 27 April 2019. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  115. ^ "ひろゆき氏、朝の情報番組の食レポで「美味しい」と言わず" [Hiroyuki appears on morning food information program...but doesn't call the food "delicious"]. Excite (in Japanese). Techinsight KK. 1 October 2019. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  116. ^ "太田光、SNSで人を叩くユーザーを「表現の自由を履き違えてる」と批判 賛同の声が続々" [Hikari Ōta, critical of abusive social media users, says that they "miss the point of freedom of expression"]. Excite (in Japanese). Sirabee (NEWSY KK). Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2020. 太田光はSNSの炎上について、「こういう問題の最初が2ちゃんねるだからさ、一番悪いのは博之くんだよ」とジャブ。[Ōta responded with a jab: "Because this problem got its start on 2channel, Hiroyuki-kun is the number one worst offender," he said, regarding flame wars on social media.]
  117. ^ Ichirō, Okada (20 April 2006). "政治としてのインターネット 掲示板とブログから見えるもの" [Observations on the political impacts of bulletin boards and blogs]. Alter Magazine (in Japanese). No. 28. Retrieved 22 May 2020. 保守系論壇誌『諸君!』では２ちゃんねる上における愛国的言説を紹介するコーナー（「麹町電網（インターネット）測候所」）まで存在するという。[There is even a column of the conservative magazine Shokun!, Kōjimachi Denmō Sokkōjo, that shares patriotic posts from 2channel.]
  118. ^ "片山さつき氏、文春記者の刑事告訴も「ジャーナリズムではなく２ちゃんねる」" [Satsuki Katayama lodges criminal complaint against Weekly Bunshun reporter, saying "Bunshun is more like 2channel than journalism"]. The Sankei News (in Japanese). 8 February 2019. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2020.

External links

 
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: 2ch Chronicle
  • Official website (5channel)
  • Official website (2ch.sc)

January 07, 2023
2channel, this, article, about, japanese, textboard, russian, imageboard, dvach, imageboard, known, 2chan, futaba, channel, other, uses, 2chan, disambiguation, japanese, 2ちゃんねる, hepburn, channeru, also, known, channel, sometimes, retrospectively, anonymous, ja. This article is about the Japanese textboard For the Russian imageboard see Dvach For the imageboard known as 2chan see Futaba Channel For other uses see 2chan disambiguation 2channel Japanese 2ちゃんねる Hepburn ni channeru also known as 2ch 5 Channel 2 6 7 and sometimes retrospectively as 2ch net 8 was an anonymous Japanese textboard b founded in 1999 by Hiroyuki Nishimura Described in 2007 as Japan s most popular online community 9 the site had a level of influence comparable to that of traditional mass media such as television radio and magazines 2 At the time the site drew an annual revenue of around 100 million about US 1 million 10 11 and was the largest of its kind in the world with around ten million visitors 9 and 2 5 million posts made per day 2 2channel2ちゃんねるLogo in 2012 featuring a spittoon surrounded by popular memes from the siteType of siteTextboardAvailable inJapaneseOwnerDisputedCreated byHiroyuki NishimuraURL2ch wbr net historically CommercialYesUsers10 million monthly 2010 1 Launched30 May 1999 23 years ago 1999 05 30 2 Current statusDisputed since 19 February 2014 8 years ago 2014 02 19 2ch sc2ちゃんねる a Available inJapaneseFounded1 April 2014 8 years ago 2014 04 01 OwnerHiroyuki NishimuraParentPacket Monster Inc 3 URL2ch wbr scCommercialYesCurrent statusActive5channel5ちゃんねるAvailable inJapanese with a small minority of boards in English 4 Founded1 October 2017 5 years ago 2017 10 01 OwnerJim WatkinsParentLoki Technology Inc via Race Queen Inc URL5ch wbr netCommercialYesCurrent statusActiveThe site was hosted and had its domain registration provided by Jim Watkins based in San Francisco California 10 1 12 In 2009 ownership of the site was transferred to Singapore based Packet Monster Inc under which Nishimura remained in control 13 14 In February 2014 Watkins seized the 2ch net domain taking full control over the website and assuming the role of site administrator 12 15 This has resulted in two textboards claiming to be the legitimate 2channel 15 2ch sc a owned by Nishimura through Packet Monster Inc 3 and 5channel 5ちゃんねる go channeru domain 5ch net established in 2017 by redirect from the original domain and owned by Watkins through Philippines based Loki Technology Inc 2channel and its successors are more controversial than other social media in Japan 5 they are extremely popular among Japan s extreme right wing known as the netto uyoku who post xenophobic comments often targeting Koreans 9 6 Defamation is of particular concern by August 2008 Nishimura had received more than one hundred lawsuits for defamatory comments left on the website 11 Announcements of crimes also have drawn scrutiny towards 2channel and its successors 13 17 18 19 In 2012 2channel was accused by the Tokyo Metropolitan Police of allowing its platform to be used by amphetamine dealers 20 although no charges were filed 13 In September 2007 2channel averaged over 2 4 million posts per day 21 c As of July 2020 5channel had 1 031 boards receiving around 2 7 million posts per day on weekends 22 with no growth since March 2016 23 c Meanwhile 2ch sc then had 826 boards receiving around 5 700 posts daily 24 c Contents 1 History 1 1 Predecessors 1 1 1 Family tree 1 2 Early history 1 3 Ownership transfer and government scrutiny 1 4 Personal information leak 1 5 Domain seizure and split 2 Culture 2 1 Anonymous posting 2 2 Revenue 2 2 1 Matome 2 3 Phenomena 2 3 1 Densha Otoko 2 3 2 Shift JIS art 3 Controversies 3 1 Slander and legal issues 3 2 Crime announcements 3 3 Far right nationalism and anti Korean hate speech 4 Technology 4 1 Major outages 4 1 1 2010 2011 Korean DDoS 4 1 2 2015 8chan DDoS 5 Societal impact 5 1 Children s use of 2channel 5 2 Politicians and 2channel 5 3 2channel in the media 6 See also 7 Footnotes 7 1 Notes 7 2 References 8 External linksHistory Edit Ayashii World was laid out something like a non threaded e mail client without subjects All messages were sorted chronologically and to see the post being replied to a link must be followed 25 Meanwhile Amezou and 2channel were laid out in the more familiar textboard format where threads are ordered by their last post unless the user specifically chooses not to make their post bump the thread 25 Predecessors Edit Textboards like 2channel were rooted in two earlier technologies dial in bulletin boards known in Japan as grass roots bulletin boards 草の根BBS 5 and Usenet 26 2channel has two predecessors Ayashii World created in 1996 by Shiba Masayuki 26 and Amezou あめぞう 25 created in 1997 Ayashii World was the first large anonymous web bulletin board in Japan while Amezou originated the more familiar textboard concept wherein threads are displayed chronologically with new comments bumping old threads to the top rather than in a branching tree 26 25 Ayashii World closed in 1998 leading most of its former users to go to Amezou 26 Nishimura advertised 2channel in a post on Amezou in May 1999 calling it Amezou s second channel 25 From June Amezou became increasingly unable to handle the load on its servers 25 27 260 until its host shut it down after threats against Amezou s anonymous owner which contained his dox were posted on it 26 27 260 Hiroyuki Nishimura above founded 2channel in 1999 while a student in Arkansas Family treeUsenetVarious grass roots 草の根 BBSAyashii World あやしいわーるど 1ch tvAmezou あめぞう 2channelBBSPINK PINKちゃんねる 2ch sc5channelFutaba Channel 2chan Imageboardsoutside Japan Early history Edit 2channel was founded on 30 May 1999 in a college apartment in Conway Arkansas on the campus of University of Central Arkansas 2 by Hiroyuki Nishimura 1 Success came quickly many of Amezou s users began using it as soon as it opened 5 When compared with other bulletin boards 2channel s technology wasn t much different what led to its success was instead its being an outlet for unfettered expression 10 by being hosted in the United States 2channel was able to bypass more restrictive Japanese censorship rules while still being accessible from Japan 28 The site also enjoyed greater immunity from legal action within Japan due to the location of its servers 10 29 By 2002 Google said that the most searched word in Japan was 2channel 30 By 2004 2channel was already the largest internet forum in Japan 6 The name 2channel is a reference to VHF channel 2 the default setting for the RF modulators used in earlier generation game consoles such as Nintendo s Family Computer when connecting to Japanese television sets 31 Where Amezou was originally meant to be channel one 2channel was meant to be channel two 25 27 266 The site s iconic jar logo is a reference to deprecatory remarks some former users of Ayashii World would make about 2channel early on in the site s history likening it to a spittoon 痰壷 32 27 271 Nishimura took this nickname and adopted it as the site s logo by 2002 27 33 Jim Watkins an ex US army non commissioned officer sergeant first class domain name registrar and dedicated hosting service provider hosted 2channel since at least 2004 8 through various corporate identities including Big server com Inc 34 Pacific Internet Exchange LLC 35 and N T Technology Inc 36 37 Before 2channel Watkins company primarily specialized in using servers and domains in the United States to serve uncensored pornographic content to users in Japan 29 36 Ownership transfer and government scrutiny Edit On 2 January 2009 Nishimura claimed to have transferred ownership of 2channel to Packet Monster Inc a company based in Chinatown Singapore and to no longer be involved in the site s management 38 39 However Nishimura was charged with violating Japanese narcotic control laws anyway on 20 December 2012 40 d As part of their case the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department MPD claimed Nishimura remained involved in 2channel s operations alleging Packet Monster Inc is a shell company ペーパーカンパニー 13 The main thrust of the complaint was that Nishimura allegedly did not delete posts seeking to purchase illicit amphetamine from other 2channel users online the Internet Hotline Center ja an agency of the MPD alleged that in 2011 97 of its 5 223 deletion requests did not result in deletion 20 On 19 March 2013 the Public Prosecutors Office decided not to prosecute the case 13 In August 2013 the Tokyo Regional Taxation Bureau declared in a tax audit that Nishimura had failed to declare 100 million worth of website revenue which should have been taxed between 2009 and 2012 years in which he financially benefited from Packet Monster Inc 13 41 Nishimura settled the matter by paying the owed tax 30 million 42 Personal information leak Edit In August 2013 a hacker using the name sassy ecchi さっしーえっち 43 leaked ja the personal details including names addresses and phone numbers 37 and credit card numbers of thousands of 2channel users who had used 2channel s paid services into the public domain 44 exposing the anonymous profiles of various high level personas such as politicians and writers 45 including an attorney involved in 2channel cases Takahiro Karasawa 唐澤貴洋 43 and a staff member of AKB48 46 More than 74 000 users had their personal information exposed by the leak 47 The paid service involved in the leak was known as the 2channel viewer 2ちゃんねるビューア 43 or maru 48 e Its main utility was that it allowed users to read old threads if a thread on 2channel received 1 000 posts it would become part of the kako rogu 過去ログ lit past log by a process of dat omission dat落ち f of such threads after which time a thread was no longer freely accessible 50 1 2channel charged 3 600 per year for the service which was typically paid by credit card logs of these payments were the source of the data leak 51 At the time of the leak Watkins apologized on behalf of N T Technology Inc saying he was the victim of a cyber attack and that some data of my customers was compromised 37 52 Domain seizure and split Edit On 19 February 2014 Jim Watkins as chairman of N T Technology Inc 2channel s domain registrar seized 2channel s domain He took full control over the website relieved Nishimura of all power and assumed the role of website administrator 15 Watkins made the kako rogu free to all users shortly after assuming control 53 Watkins claimed that Nishimura had failed to pay him money owed which led to the seizure as a way to cover Nishimura s debts 54 55 while Nishimura claimed that he had in fact paid everything owed and that the domain transfer was an illegal domain hijacking 56 In response Nishimura created his own clone of 2channel at 2ch sc ja 57 scraping the contents of the entire 2channel website and updating 2ch sc as new posts appeared on 2ch net In a Q amp A session on 4chan shortly after becoming the site s owner Nishimura claimed that 2channel was stolen by Watkins 58 Nishimura has attempted to repossess the domain both through WIPO s Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy 59 and through the Japanese court system 8 Through the Japan Patent Office Nishimura owns the trademark 2channel 60 though the WIPO refused to intervene on his behalf on account of that suggesting the parties go to court instead as it was not in its view a case of cybersquatting but rather a business dispute 59 Ron Watkins Jim s son in 2016 registered the trademark 5channel in Japan 61 On 1 October 2017 2ch net began redirecting to 5ch net a domain owned by Loki Technology Inc 62 The chairman of Loki Technology Inc is also Jim Watkins 63 his wife Liziel is the treasurer and majority shareholder 36 According to a press release the name was changed to 5channel to avoid potential legal issues due to Nishimura s ownership of the 2channel trademark 64 Culture Edit A Nintendo DS browsing a thread on 2channel s automobile board as it appeared in 2008 via the Nintendo DS Browser Due to its large number of boards the types of information exchanged on 2channel are very diverse 2 There are boards for topics as diverse as sports sex celebrity gossip computer programming 10 and ongoing earthquakes 65 even some academic research has gotten its start on 2channel 66 Anonymous posting EditOne of the most distinctive features of 2channel is its use of anonymous posting 2 Nishimura explained his reasons for preferring anonymity online to USC Annenberg s Japan Media Review thus 7 If there is a user ID attached to a user a discussion tends to become a criticizing game On the other hand under the anonymous system even though your opinion information is criticized you don t know with whom to be upset Also with a user ID those who participate in the site for a long time tend to have authority and it becomes difficult for a user to disagree with them Under a perfectly anonymous system you can say it s boring if it is actually boring All information is treated equally only an accurate argument will work However a frequent criticism directed toward anonymous textboards like 2channel most notably by Kazuhiko Nishi is that their anonymous nature make them mere toilet graffiti 便所の落書き 67 32 2channel s anonymity is a departure from most English language internet forums which require some form of registration usually coupled with email verification for further identification of an individual 9 its anonymity in part inspired the creation of 4chan 68 On 2channel a name field is available but it is seldom used 69 PT26 However as open proxies such as the Tor network are banned from posting on 2channel the administrators have some degree of ability to help law enforcement unmask users if necessary 70 1 Revenue Edit While 2channel and its successors are commercial 2channel was moderated by volunteers 5 2channel relied on advertisements from obscure companies 6 In 2007 it had an annual revenue of around 100 million 10 11 Between 2009 and 2012 200 million in ad profits were transferred to Nishimura s Singaporean shell company 41 42 As early as 2004 companies such as Dentsu were data mining the website for their clients keeping them informed of how they were being portrayed by 2channel users 6 g 71 by 2006 75 of the content Dentsu analyzed on behalf of its customers was posted to 2channel 14 2channel also received revenue from subscription services like the aforementioned maru 51 For its part 5channel has a subscription service Premium Rōnin プレミアム浪人 that allows people outside Japan to post on it this service also hides ads from its subscribers 72 73 Matome Edit 2channel historically allowed anyone to use its data 74 providing it in an easily parsable format f this made it simple to create third party dedicated browsers 専用ブラウザ sen yō burauza for posting on and using 2channel The openness of the data allowed for the proliferation of matome saito まとめサイト summary websites and afi burogu アフィブログ affiliate blogs which summarize 2channel threads and attempt to collect what they see as the best of 2channel 15 In 2007 due to growing discontentment towards such sites Nishimura added a board poverty h which marked every post on it with the phrase tensai kinshi 転載禁止 transl reproduction of this post is prohibited 75 This caused many users to abandon other boards for that board 76 Watkins made it a priority to combat piracy of 5channel by third party matome sites in March 2014 77 adding tensai kinshi to many popular boards 15 Such sites siphon users from 2channel itself with some receiving in excess of 100 million monthly pageviews 15 in one case a matome site earned its owner 300 000 per month 77 Watkins followed up the rule change by restricting access to 2channel s data in March 2015 by requiring that dedicated browser authors use a special API to access 2channel s and later 5channel s thread data 72 78 79 Phenomena Edit Densha Otoko Edit Densha Otoko is a Japanese franchise consisting of a movie television series manga and other media all based on the purportedly true story of a 23 year old man who intervened when a drunk man started to harass several women on a train The man ultimately begins dating one of the women The event and the man s subsequent dates with the woman chronicled on 2channel directly inspired the franchise 80 Whether or not the original 2channel story is actually true is debated 81 27 Shift JIS art Edit 2channel and its successors being textboards cannot have images posted to them Users get around this however by posting a more expressive form of ASCII art Shift JIS art 82 i Below is a small sample Gikoneko predated 2channel yet was used on it as well It frequently appears with the tagline itte yoshi 逝ってよし fuck off 26 Mona an early example appeared first in 2000 Derives its name from its frequent tagline omae mo na お前もな I know you are but what am I 82 Controversies Edit Debito Arudou above won a 1 100 000 libel judgment against 2channel in 2006 after Nishimura refused to delete posts calling Arudou a white supremacist 83 Slander and legal issues Edit During Hiroyuki s administration he was often openly defiant of Japanese law especially around libel and his duty to follow it telling Yomiuri Shimbun in March 2007 2 I don t have any intention of paying up to a country whose laws I don t respect As long as they re not handing me the death sentence I m not backing down By May 2008 Nishimura had lost more than fifty libel lawsuits in Japanese civil courts and had been assessed millions of dollars in penalties 10 by August according to him he d received more than one hundred lawsuits 11 While according to the official pages of the website slander was prohibited 84 activists such as Debito Arudou claimed that the site did not actually respond to requests to delete posts in his case returning mail unopened 85 After the transfer to Packet Monster Inc Arudou who had still not received any of the court ordered penalty wrote in an op ed that Nishimura had only transferred his assets to increase his unaccountability 86 While Nishimura at that point had never paid any of the compensation courts ordered in his cases in 2010 one of his plaintiffs was successful in getting compensated through the publisher of one of Nishimura s books 1 Crime announcements Edit Crime announcements 犯行予告 were a regular occurrence on 2channel including of mass suicides and murders 13 After the 2000 Neomugicha incident in which a bus was hijacked by a man who posted on 2channel police officers started regularly policing 2channel 2 such surveillance only increased after the Akihabara massacre announced his 2008 attack on 2channel as well 87 17 Former superintendent of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Tateshi Higuchi called the site a den of iniquity 88 According to The Japan Times however 2channel cooperated with police in the past to aid them in catching criminals using 2channel by giving police their IP addresses from which their locations were determined 1 Such crime announcements have continued to be a problem on 5channel 18 19 it was speculated that the man who carried out the Kyoto Animation arson attack posted an advance warning of the crime on 5channel 89 Far right nationalism and anti Korean hate speech Edit See also Japanese nationalism Ultranationalism and Anti Korean sentiment in Japan 2channel with its massive size and anonymous posting is abundant with slander hate speech 6 90 and defamation against public figures institutions and minority ethnic groups 91 92 Far right users of 2channel are referred to as netto uyoku a term roughly analogous to alt right Though the site has rules against posts illegal under Japanese law the scale and anonymous nature of the site makes prompt deletions difficult to realize in practice Furthermore on occasion 2channel has been accused of being reluctant to remove defamatory posts 93 94 676 The discussion boards are also often used to coordinate real life demonstrations as an example 2channel users organized an August 2011 rally against Fuji Television their complaint being that the channel was broadcasting too many Korean television shows 95 Sankei Shimbun reported in 2018 that 5channel which received most of 2channel s users has the same reputation for attracting netto uyoku 96 2channel netto uyoku frequently make racist comments against Koreans 9 92 In 2009 it was even discovered that an Asahi Shimbun employee had posted racist remarks towards Koreans on 2channel 97 After the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami fake news proliferated on 2channel falsely accusing Chinese and Korean people of plundering evacuation centers 98 Technology Edit2channel operated on forum software that was considered innovative at the time of its founding originally written by Hiroyuki himself 99 but later replaced through the collective effort of his Unix savvy users the software is known as read cgi 2 It was a major departure from Usenet however when compared to other Japanese textboards at the time such as Amezou 2channel s format was not much different 25 10 Boards in the textboard software have their threads sorted by the time of their last post so making a post would bump 上げ age the thread to the top of the board index However when posting in a thread users may use a function known as sage 下げ lit lowering to avoid bumping a thread in this way 5 100 Often posters will use sage on purpose to avoid unwanted attention 5 Major outages Edit 2010 2011 Korean DDoS Edit In response to racism towards Koreans by 2channel users especially against Yuna Kim an athlete who defeated Japan in the 2010 Vancouver Olympics the site suffered an extended outage in March 2010 due to a distributed denial of service DDoS attack conducted by a Korean hacking group 87 The attack against Jim Watkins Pacific Internet Exchange LLC affected other sites on the shared network as well including some belonging to US government agencies it is estimated to have cost US 2 5 million 101 Watkins requested the American government investigate the event as an instance of cyberterrorism 34 according to him sporadic DDoS attacks by Koreans continued into 2011 102 2015 8chan DDoS Edit Beginning on 8 January 2015 8chan also owned by Jim Watkins and hosted on the network of N T Technology Inc suffered an outage due to a DDoS attack Due to the attack 2ch net then owned by Watkins but not yet operated under the name 5channel went down as well 103 The attacks against the messageboards lasted until at least 13 January leading many 2channel users to become angry with the management 104 Societal impact EditThe 2channel forum is a Japanese internet phenomenon This single site has more influence on Japanese popular opinion than the prime minister the emperor and the traditional media combined On one level it serves as a fun informative place for people to read product reviews download software and compare everything from the size of their poop to quiz show answers But conversations hosted here have also influenced stock prices rallied support for philanthropic causes organized massive synchronized dance routines prevented terrorism and driven people to their deathbeds Lisa Katayama Wired 2008 2 In September 2007 2channel averaged over 2 4 million posts per day 21 c As of July 2020 5channel had 1 031 boards receiving around 2 7 million posts per day on weekends 22 with no growth since March 2016 23 c Meanwhile 2ch sc then had 826 boards receiving around 5 700 posts daily 24 c Due to its popularity 2channel and its successors have had considerable influence on Japanese society 2 Children s use of 2channel Edit Use of sites like 2channel by minors is a major concern in Japan 5 Some children s search sites such as Kids Goo キッズgoo filtered textboards like 2channel 105 In Tokyo a local ordinance requires that internet service providers develop filters to prevent minors from accessing sites which could harm the sound and wholesome fostering of their youth they must also confirm before installing a connection if any minors live in the household 5 Despite this however web filter provider Net Star in February 2007 released the results of a survey which showed that the utilization rate of 2channel for primary and secondary students was 12 2 106 In response to threads on 2channel about certain schools which were leading to cyberbullying the Ministry of Education in 2008 released a 65 page manual for teachers and parents on how to handle the issue 107 Concerned about the popularity of 2channel among children and teenagers a team of childhood education professors at the University of the Ryukyus in 2009 published a paper making recommendations to lawmakers on how to curb such use 108 In February 2020 Nishimura himself wrote an op ed in Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun warning parents about the dangers of allowing their children unfettered access to social media sites like YouTube and 2channel 109 Politicians and 2channel Edit Naoto Kan a future Prime Minister who was then a member of the National Diet sent a legal notice on 10 May 2000 demanding that 2channel delete a post by someone falsely claiming to be him 110 After the Liberal Democratic Party presidential election in 2007 Prime Minister Tarō Asō stated in a Fuji TV interview that he sometimes posts on 2channel 111 During each election season supporting posts for perennial candidates Matayoshi Jesus and Mac Akasaka were frequently made on 2channel turning them into something of a meme 112 113 similar to the repeated candidacies of Vermin Supreme in the United States After more than ten failed candidacies for various political offices including Governor of Tokyo Akasaka was eventually elected to the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly representing Minato in April 2019 112 Asahi Shimbun credited Akasaka s online fame with helping him win the surprise victory 112 2channel in the media Edit Japanese news organizations often relied on 2channel to determine the issues the public was thinking about and for leads 6 However the mass media often reports on it negatively 81 23 similar to how it reported on otaku culture a decade ago before it went more mainstream even though internet trends nowadays routinely slip through into other media 114 The phrase the online bulletin board says インターネットの掲示板で b when used in reporting may refer either to 2channel or to other forums Movements spawned on 2channel often receive media attention noting how the methods of 2channel activists break socially normative behavior and bring pressure to bear through sheer numbers 81 25 Beyond this though 2channel posts were often a basis for media reports in Japan 81 25 32 35 TV programs have even featured 2channel s moderators and users 13 115 comedian Hikari Ōta for example criticized Nishimura during a discussion on the Tokyo Broadcasting System s Sandejapon on the ideal limits of free expression as applied to social networks 116 Shokun magazine during its operation ran a column known as Kōjimachi Denmō Sokkōjo 麹町電網測候所 lit Kōjimachi internet weather station which shared patriotic 2channel posts 117 Weekly Bunshun 週刊文春 published by Bungeishunju meanwhile has been criticized for being seen as overly pro 2channel and relying on its posts too much in its reporting 118 See also Edit Japan portal Internet portalFutaba Channel 2chan Ilbe Storehouse South Korea Shift JIS art Tianya Club ChinaFootnotes EditNotes Edit a b 2ch sc calls itself 2ちゃんねる just as the former 2ch net did When it is necessary to differentiate 2ch net from 2ch sc in Japanese the form 2ちゃんねる 2ch sc is often used 16 a b 2channel and other sites like it are called keijiban 掲示板 in Japanese This word literally translates to bulletin board but in English that word only refers to older text based systems not web bulletin boards like 2channel Therefore the correct translation is textboard in English a b c d e f These statistics are self reported The full name of the law Act No 94 of 1991 is An Act Concerning Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act etc and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conducts and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation 国際的な協力の下に規制薬物に係る不正行為を助長する行為等の防止を図るための麻薬及び向精神薬取締法等の特例等に関する法律 The service received the nickname maru lit circle on account of the fact that users of it could signal their support of 2channel by attaching a to their post in the name field which other users could not do 49 a b 2channel threads were encoded in a quasi open standard known as dat 5channel s official documentation includes examples Gala is a division of Dentsu Similar to the boards on the sites it inspired like 4chan s pol boards on 2channel are by convention referred to by the ends of their URLs More expressive here is used in the sense that more art is possible with Shift JIS art than would be possible with ASCII art due to the larger character set of the Shift JIS encoding References Edit a b c d e f g Matsutani Minoru 6 April 2010 2channel s success rests on anonymity The Japan Times Archived from the original on 9 April 2010 Retrieved 23 May 2020 a b c d e f g h i j k Katayama Lisa 19 April 2007 2 Channel Gives Japan s Famously Quiet People a Mighty Voice Wired Retrieved 21 May 2020 a b Nishimura Hiroyuki ２ちゃんねるガイド 基本 2channel FAQ 2ch sc Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 18 May 2020 2ch sc is managed and operated by PACKET MONSTER INC and more ５ちゃんねる掲示板リスト 5channel board list 5channel in Japanese Archived from the original on 4 October 2017 Retrieved 22 May 2020 大使館 Embassy Anime amp Manga Books Comics amp Cartoons Computers a b c d e f g h i Kaigo Muneo Watanabe Isao 1 July 2007 Ethos in Chaos Reaction to Video Files Depicting Socially Harmful Images in the Channel 2 Japanese Internet Forum Journal of Computer Mediated Communication 12 4 1248 1268 doi 10 1111 j 1083 6101 2007 00372 x a b c d e f g Ōnishi Norimitsu 9 May 2004 Japanese Find a Forum to Vent Most Secret Feelings The New York Times Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 4 June 2020 a b Furukawa Hideki 22 August 2003 Q amp A With the Founder of Channel 2 Japan Media Review USC Annenberg Archived from the original on 22 December 2003 Retrieved 24 May 2020 a b c In re Race Queen Inc 平成29年 ワ 第3428号 Tokyo District Court 被告は 平成１６年から平成２９年９月３０日まで 継続して本件電子掲示板を管理 運営し From 2004 to at least September 30 2017 the defendants operated the textboard Text a b c d e Sakamoto Rumi 7 March 2011 Koreans Go Home Internet Nationalism in Contemporary Japan as a Digitally Mediated Subculture The Asia Pacific Journal 9 10 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 22 May 2020 a b c d e f g h Katayama Lisa 19 May 2008 Meet Hiroyuki Nishimura the Bad Boy of the Japanese Internet Wired Archived from the original on 27 May 2008 Retrieved 22 May 2020 a b c d Shibui Tetsuya 26 August 2008 2channel founder says don t blame him for criminals posts Shukan Gendai Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 20 May 2020 via Japan Today a b McLaughlin Timothy 6 August 2019 The Weird Dark History of 8chan Wired ISSN 1059 1028 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 21 May 2020 a b c d e f g h Adelstein Jake 26 September 2015 Will 4Chan s Shady New Owner Weaponize It The Daily Beast Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 20 May 2020 a b Martin Alex 24 January 2009 2channel founder ponders next step after forum s sale The Japan Times Archived from the original on 16 October 2013 Retrieved 21 October 2020 Speculation abounds however that the move may be a legal trick to deflect further lawsuits filed against Nishimura for the site s frequently libelous content a b c d e f Akimoto Akky 20 March 2014 Who holds the deeds to gossip bulletin board 2channel The Japan Times Online Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 22 May 2020 For an example see ２ちゃんねる と ５ちゃんねる は何が違うのか What s the difference between 2channel and 5channel Monolith Law Office in Japanese 8 May 2020 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 21 May 2020 a b Four people arrested in Japan for copycat threats The Canadian Press 17 June 2008 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 20 May 2020 via CTV News a b 兵庫県警 5ちゃんねるに大量殺人予告の書き込みをした男を逮捕 Hyogo Prefecture Police arrests man who wrote of his plan to commit mass murder on 5channel Zaikei Shimbun in Japanese 17 May 2019 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 22 May 2020 a b ネット掲示板でテロ予告 容疑で大学生の男逮捕 Terrorist plot posted to online textboard suspect a university student is arrested Kobe Shimbun in Japanese 15 May 2019 Archived from the original on 16 May 2019 Retrieved 22 May 2020 a b Prosecution of 2channel founder draws flak The Japan Times 26 December 2012 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 20 May 2020 a b suzume graph 19 October 2007 Archived from the original on 19 October 2007 Retrieved 17 July 2020 a b SPARROW5ch 5ch Officially Reported Statistics Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 25 October 2019 a b SPARROW5ch 5ch Officially Reported Statistics Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 17 July 2020 a b 投稿数統計 2ch掲示板 2ch sc Officially Reported Statistics Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 16 May 2020 a b c d e f g h Tanahashi Gō 1 December 2007 イマジナリー コミュニケーションI 顧客間インタラクションと2 ちゃんねる Imaginary Communication I Customer interaction and 2channel Nara Sangyo University Journal of Industrial Economics in Japanese Nara Sangyo University 22 3 141 160 OCLC 1059584274 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 via CiNii a b c d e f Stryker Cole 2011 Epic Win for Anonymous How 4chan s Army Conquered the Web New York The Overlook Press pp 133 134 ISBN 9781590207383 2channel was based on a previous text board called Ayashii World the first big anonymous text board in Japan Ayashii World like many anonymous chan boards experienced so much downtime that its owner began to receive death threats prompting him to shut down the board in 1998 a b c d e Barubora ばるぼら 10 May 2005 教科書には載らないニッポンのインターネットの歴史教科書 The history of the Japanese internet you won t find in any textbook in Japanese Shōeisha p 271 ISBN 978 4798106571 260 内部告発 板は企業の裏事情や差別問題などを扱う板で ここが6月１９日に突如消減したのだ ただ他のスレッドでもあやうい告発が続いており 例えば暴力団の資金源に関するスレッドてでは あめぞう氏の本名など個人情報をちらつかせ脅迫するような書きさ込みもあったりと いつ閉鎖しても不思議ではない状態にあった 夏ごろ 一説には6月には既にちらほら見られたそうだ に増殖を繰り返し 設置されたほとんどの掲示板を壊減的状態に追いやった そして管理されない姿を見かねたのか はたまた苦情が相次いどだのか まいたいねっと 側がか掲示板のパーミッションを落としはじめ １０月１４日にメイン板の 広場 が停止 The whistleblowing board was suddenly shut down on June 19 1999 In a thread on the sources of money of organized crime gangs a threat was implied against Amezou s owner and he was doxed It was not strange to close it Around summer one source says it began in June most of the boards were in a broken state And either due to not being able to countenance the unmaintained state of Amezou or because the complaints were coming one after another the host Maitai Net started returning 403 errors upon visits to the bulletin board On October 14 Square the main board stopped functioning Machkovech Sam 21 September 2015 Imageboard sites 4chan 8chan announce new ownership arrangements Ars Technica Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 23 May 2020 a b Chiel Ethan 19 April 2016 Meet the man keeping 8chan the world s most vile website alive Splinter News Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 21 May 2020 They figured out a loophole in Japanese censorship rules Adult material in Japan has to be censored but Japanese people could access content that resides outside of Japan Bingo The work we did in the following years was really just marketing uncensored Japanese content to users in Japan Matsumura Naohiro Miura Asako Shibanai Yasufumi Ohsawa Yukio Nishida Toyoaki 1 January 2005 The dynamism of 2channel AI amp Society 19 84 92 doi 10 1007 s00146 004 0302 5 S2CID 15396920 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Tetsuya Ozaki 11 November 2004 Interview with Nishimura Hiroyuki at Kuwasawa Design School Redesigning Tokyo 4 1 Archived from the original on 12 March 2007 Retrieved 3 July 2020 via RealTokyo a b Gotō Masayuki 1 June 2015 2ちゃんねる との対話 新しい世論集団の可能性と問題点 Conversation with 2channel a Huge Japanese Internet Bulletin Board Service Possibilities and Problems of a New type Public Opinion Group Seijō Bungei in Japanese Seijo University Literature Department 1 ISSN 0286 5718 筆者がはじめて インターネット巨大掲示板 2ちゃんねる に触れたのは 9 11テロがまさに進行中の時だった この時点で ネット検索に出てきたのが 当時から 便所の落書き 痰壷 などと露悪的に自称していた それゆえに筆者は接触しないようにしていた 2ch の書き込みだった I first touched the huge internet bulletin board 2channel when the 9 11 terror attacks were in progress Up to then I had no interest in 2ch as online searches only brought up results deprecating it a spittoon and home of toilet graffiti Nishimura Hiroyuki 5 June 2002 ２ちゃんねるへようこそ Welcome to 2channel in Japanese Archived from the original on 5 June 2002 Retrieved 21 May 2020 a b 2chサーバのデータセンター サイバーテロ として米機関に調査依頼へ 2ch data center requests American government investigate cyber terrorism against it ITmedia NEWS in Japanese 2 March 2010 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 21 May 2020 Watkins Jim 10 April 2007 ２ちゃんねるのサーバ事情 前編 2channel server update Niconico Douga in English and Japanese 14 13 minutes in Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Ni channel will be right here and the next one over Alright now we have two facilities and this is the new facility This whole area here about tennis court sized is Pacific Internet Exchange our area We re going to do it in sections that s why we moved from the other side where it s all many different companies This is our section a b c Harwell Drew McLaughlin Timothy 12 September 2019 From helicopter repairman to leader of the Internet s darkest reaches The life and times of 8chan owner Jim Watkins Washington Post Archived from the original on 13 September 2019 Retrieved 21 May 2020 a b c 2ちゃんねるビューア に不正アクセス 個人情報が流出 2channel viewer users personal information leaked CNET Japan in Japanese 26 August 2013 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 23 May 2020 N T Technologyは8月26日 不正アクセスによって同社の提供する 2ちゃんねるビューア の顧客情報が流出したことを発表し 謝罪した 流出した情報の範囲とその原因については 現在調査中 としているが 約3万件のクレジットカード番号や氏名 住所 電話番号などの情報が流出したと見られる On August 26 N T Technology announced that the customer information of the 2channel viewer stored by the company was leaked due to unauthorized access and apologized Although the range of information leaked and the cause of the leak are said to be under investigation about 30 000 credit card numbers names addresses telephone numbers and other information are thought to have leaked Tachikawa Yu 2 January 2009 ２ちゃんねる 言論の自由なき日本 を見捨てた 2channel have you abandoned Japan land with no freedom of speech Sankei Shimbun in Japanese MSN Archived from the original on 21 January 2009 Retrieved 10 January 2009 Nagai Michiko 2 January 2009 西村博之氏 2ちゃんねるを企業に譲渡 Hiroyuki Nishimura transfers 2channel to a company CNET Japan in Japanese Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 20 May 2020 警察庁長官 悪質管理者 検挙も 掲示板の違法情報放置 Commissioner General of the National Police Agency Arrest malicious administrators too They left illegal content online Mainichi Shimbun in Japanese 27 December 2012 Archived from the original on 30 December 2012 via Livedoor Alt URL a b Ōta Seiichi 24 August 2013 申告漏れ ２ちゃんねる元管理人が１億円 広告収入の一部 譲渡後も関与裏付け 2channel s former administrator failed to declare 100 million yen of advertising revenue and participation in BBS even management after transfer Mainichi Shimbun in Japanese Archived from the original on 9 August 2013 ２ちゃんねるの広告収入は東京プラスなどを経由して ０９ １２年の４年間に約３億５０００万円がシンガポールの会社に送金された 残る約２億円も この会社がペーパーカンパニーとみられることから 国税当局は西村氏の個人所得と認定 Through Tokyo Plus KK among others in the four years between 2009 and 2012 350 million was transferred to the Singaporean company Since it is considered a shell company the National Tax Agency has determined the profit of 200 million to be personal income of Nishimura a b 2ちゃんねる 創始者 ひろゆき 氏 東京国税局から1億円の申告漏れを指摘される 2channel creator Hiroyuki failed to declare 100 million yen of his income Tokyo office of the National Tax Agency points out NHK News Web in Japanese 24 August 2013 Archived from the original on 27 August 2013 Retrieved 21 August 2020 過少申告加算税などを含む追徴税額は３０００万円に上り すでに納付されたと見られます The additional amount assessed by the National Tax Agency 30 million yen has already been paid To view the archive JavaScript must be disabled in your browser Alternate convenience link a b c 作家は暴言謝罪 不倫もバレる 2ちゃん情報流出騒動 The 2channel information leak AERA dot in Japanese Asahi Shimbun 20 September 2013 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Akimoto Akky 17 September 2013 Accidental leak IDs over 30 000 anonymous 2channel users The Japan Times Online Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Tabuchi Yoshirō 25 September 2013 あの人が書き込みを 2ch情報流出の波紋 That person wrote this the ripples of the 2channel leak PRESIDENT Online in Japanese Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 23 May 2020 この件で1番怖いのは 匿名を盾に誰がどんなことを書き込んでいたかが明らかになってしまったことだ 2ちゃんねるが最も封印せねばならない部分が 白日の下に晒されたのだ 有名なライトノベル作家が他の作家を数百回にわたって誹謗中傷した事実が明らかになり 本人がホームページで謝罪に追い込まれた 某2ちゃんねるまとめサイトの管理人はあらし行為を謝罪 サイトの閉鎖を発表した 流出したメールアドレスからは 某政治家 某大学准教授の名前 中央省庁 マスコミ各社 商社 通信会社 国内外の有名大学まで驚くような名前が並ぶ The scariest thing about this matter is that it became clear who was writing what behind the shield of anonymity What 2channel was most expected to keep secret was instead exposed in broad daylight It was revealed that a famous light novel writer slandered other writers hundreds of times and he was forced to apologize on his website A certain 2channel matome site owner apologized for trolling and announced that his site would close You can see the names of politicians an associate professor at a university central government agency staff media company staff trading company staff telecommunications company staff and staff of famous universities in Japan and abroad from the leaked list of emails Sato Yuma 27 August 2013 2ちゃんねる 個人情報漏えい事件 AKB関係者のアカウント流出で大騒動に BIGLOBEニュース in Japanese Archived from the original on 30 August 2013 Retrieved 21 May 2020 2channel personal information leak incident AKB staff member account leaked What s all the fuss about 個人情報流出余波 書き込みバレて 公開処刑 Personal information leak aftermath The leak of posts is like a public execution Tokyo Sports in Japanese 29 August 2013 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 巨大ネット掲示板 ２ちゃんねる の有料サービス会員の個人情報約７万４０００件が流出した件で About 74 000 customers of giant internet bulletin board 2channel had their personal information exposed online サーバーを確保しました 2ちゃんねる に何が起きたのか 運営費がひっ迫 2channel I ve secured the servers what happened Is the site in financial trouble ITmedia NEWS in Japanese 19 February 2014 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 23 May 2020 こと 2ちゃんねるビューア で昨年8月に発覚したユーザー情報流出だ The user information leak that happened in August of last year had its source in also known as the 2channel viewer Shinjō Masaaki 4 March 2002 ２ちゃんねる 専用ビューワーを使った有料サービスをスタート 2channel launches paid service for users of dedicated viewers Windows Forest in Japanese Impress KK Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 23 May 2020 このほか有料サービスに登録すると 名前欄に を使って書き込むことができるとのこと なお 有料サービスがスタートした1日以降 一般ユーザーが名前欄に を使おとしても サーバー側で に置換されて書き込まれるようになった Those who subscribe to the service can also write a in the name field of their posts It should be noted that when those who are not subscribed put a in the name field the server replaces it with a 5ちゃんねる 旧2ちゃんねる の過去ログを閲覧する方法とは How can I read threads in the past log on 5channel formerly 2channel 誹謗中傷ドットネット in Japanese ATB Law Corporation 弁護士法人ATB 1 June 2018 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 18 May 2020 a b Sudō Tatsuya 9 September 2013 ２ちゃんねる会員情報流出 約３万件 カード番号など Around 30 000 members of 2channel have had their card numbers and other information leaked Asahi Shimbun Archived from the original on 26 August 2013 Retrieved 21 May 2020 While anyone can read 2channel for free only members who pay 3600 yen per month can search the archive of old threads Watkins Jim 26 August 2013 不正アクセスによるお客様情報流出に関するお詫びとご報告 Apology and report regarding leak of customer information due to unauthorized access 2channel Viewer in Japanese and English Archived from the original on 26 August 2013 Retrieved 22 May 2020 N T Technology inc was a victim of a cyber attack earlier today Some data for customers was compromised Your data may have been compromised Koyama Morio 2ch埋め立てと逆SEO 2ch landfill posting up to 1000 posts to get a thread moved into the kako rogu and reverse SEO 株式会社WEB広報 Web Public Relations KK Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 18 May 2020 Watkins Jim 19 February 2014 Let s talk with Jim san Part21 BBSPink Archived from the original on 8 May 2019 Retrieved 21 May 2020 The previous management was not able to generate enough income to pay the bills for the expenses of running 2ch Beran Dale 30 July 2019 It Came From Something Awful eBook ed New York 21 48 ISBN 978 1 250 18974 5 OCLC 1048938602 When 2channel began having financial trouble as a result of the controversy Watkins used the opportunity to seize control of the site citing its failure to pay its outstanding bills Nishimura Hiroyuki 1 April 2014 昨今の２ちゃんねるの現状に関して Regarding the current status of 2channel 2ch sc in Japanese Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 18 May 2020 現2chは 違法な乗っ取り 状態 ひろゆき氏 が新サイト 2ch sc 開設を予告 2ch is now in a state of illegal takeover says Hiroyuki announces opening of 2ch sc ITmedia ニュース in Japanese 1 April 2014 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 28 June 2020 Nishimura Hiroyuki 22 September 2015 Q amp A Session with Hiroyuki Nishimura 4chan Bibliotheca Anonoma Retrieved 28 June 2020 via Desu Archive a b Gabriela Kennedy et al 28 July 2016 WIPO Domain Name Decision D2016 1025 2ch net World Intellectual Property Organization Retrieved 17 May 2020 The Panel finds it prudent to note that the Policy is intended to handle cases of cybersquatting Any potential business dispute between the Parties may be more appropriately addressed through court proceedings rather than through the Policy In re trademark registration T5843569 無効 2017 890013 Invalidity case 2017 890013 Japan Patent Office 26 July 2019 本件電子掲示板の事業が請求人 レースクイーン社 に適法に譲渡されたことを示す証拠はない There is no evidence that the electronic BBS business was legally transferred to the plaintiff Race Queen Inc Kurihara Kiyoshi 10 October 2017 ２ちゃんねる名称変更事件に関する知財関係状況整理 栗原潔 Sorting out the intellectual property situation which has led to the 2channel name change incident Yahoo News Japan in Japanese Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 21 May 2020 Ishizuka Fumito 2 October 2017 5ちゃんねる に名称変更 ネット掲示板 権利紛争か Following a dispute over rights to bulletin board name changes to 5channel Nihon Keizai Shimbun in Japanese Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 21 May 2020 Office of the Solicitor General vs James Arthur Watkins in re Petition for Naturalization R PSG 18 03091 SP Petition by James Arthur Watkins Pasig Regional Trial Court Branch 166 James Arthur Watkins married Liziel O Watkins Liziel of legal age and a Filipina on 20 November 2001 He is currently the Chairman of Race Queen Inc Emerald Pedistal Properties Inc and Loki Technology Incorporated Text via The Manila Times ５ちゃんねる掲示板へようこそ Welcome to 5channel 6 October 2017 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 6 October 2017 権利関係に関する無用な紛争を生じさせず 掲示板の名称を新たに 5ちゃんねる へと変更しました The name of the textboard has been changed to 5channel to help avoid future unnecessary disputes regarding our rights to operate it ネット地震情報震源地はやはり2ちゃんねる The earthquake information epicenter is 2channel ITmedia News in Japanese 7 November 2003 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 21 May 2020 Tanaka Kazuo 2015 インターネットにおける論文不正発覚史 A history of academic research on the internet which wasn t officially sanctioned PDF Journal of the Japan Skeptics 24 4 9 2ちゃんねる には欠陥がある 西和彦アスキー特別顧問 2ちゃんねる西スレッドオフ会 開催 アスキー 2001 08 ウェブアーカイブ 2channel is flawed Kazuhiko Nishi Special Advisor to ASCII 2channel held Nishi Kick off Party originally published on ASCII dated August 2001 archived on WebArchive Robertson Adi 21 September 2015 The man whose site inspired 4chan is now running 4chan The Verge Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 21 May 2020 Olson Parmy 5 June 2012 We Are Anonymous Inside the Hacker World of LulzSec Anonymous and the Global Cyber Insurgency Little Brown and Company ISBN 978 0 316 21353 0 プロキシサーバ利用でTor拒否サイトを突破する Using proxy servers to break through website security mechanisms that block Tor ラジオライフ Radio Life in Japanese SansaiBooks KK 18 December 2015 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 20 May 2020 Tor経由では 2ちゃんねるにはアクセスできません 2channel blocks access from those who use Tor Goggin Gerard McLelland Mark 17 February 2017 The Routledge Companion to Global Internet Histories Taylor amp Francis p 418 ISBN 978 1 317 60765 6 a b 悲報 ２ちゃんまとめ大ピンチ ２ちゃんがdatアクセス禁止でツールが使えなくなる Sad news 2channel has put matome sites in a big pinch They ve developed a way to forbid access to 2channel dat files 秒刊SUNDAY in Japanese 13 March 2015 Archived from the original on 13 March 2015 Retrieved 5 June 2020 よくある質問 プレミアムRonin 浪人 FAQ Premium service Ronin 5channel Zero KK Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 5 June 2020 Nishimura Hiroyuki 15 August 2007 ２ちゃんねる掲示板へようこそ Welcome to the 2channel forum 2channel Archived from the original on 15 August 2007 Retrieved 22 May 2020 ２ちゃんねるのデータの利用に関して 原則的に自由ですが ２ちゃんねるのデータ自体を利用して対価を取る行為はご遠慮下さい As a general rule you are free to use 2channel s data However please refrain from profiting from it なぜ2ちゃんねるは 転載禁止 を選んだのか まとめサイトVS住民 繰り返す歴史 Why did 2channel choose to implement tensai kinshi A lookback at the battle between matome sites and 2channel s users ITmediaニュース Netlab in Japanese 6 March 2014 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 11 August 2020 2007年末には 営利目的への無断転載を禁止する ニュース速報 嫌儲 板が設けられた At the end of 2007 the poverty board Newsoku Poverty was set up which prohibited unauthorized reproduction of its contents for profit 2ch ステマ 戦争 人気板が住民大移動で一気に縮小 その背景の事情と心情 2ch s stealth marketing war Popular board shrinks due to mass migration why ITmedia NEWS in Japanese Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 22 May 2020 a b 創設者の西村博之氏と現管理人が対立 騒動をきっかけに様々な 疑惑 が噴出している Hiroyuki Nishimura is in conflict with 2channel s current manager Suspicions are coming to the surface in the chaos FACTA ONLINE in Japanese Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 20 May 2020 Ichikawa Yukichi 9 March 2015 ２ちゃんねる の新APIに対応した２ちゃんビューワー Live2ch v1 34 Live2ch v1 34 released with support for new 2channel API Windows Forest in Japanese Impress KK Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 22 May 2020 今月3日以降 ２ちゃんねる専用ブラウザーの開発 公開には Jane Style の開発元であるジェーン社などから許諾を受けたうえで新しいAPIを利用する必要が生じている Since the 3rd of this month it is necessary to use the new API Dedicated browser developers must get permission from the developer of JaneStyle to publish a 2channel dedicated browser 開発者の皆さまへ To all developers 5channel Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 22 May 2020 5ch net 専用ブラウザ 以下 専用ブラウザ を開発 公開するには 5ch net の所有者である Loki Technology Inc の許諾を得て 5ch net が提供する API 以下 API を用いる必要があります ウェブスクレイピングを用いた専用ブラウザの開発 公開は禁止されています 株式会社ジェーンは Loki Technology Inc との契約で 5ch net 専用ブラウザ開発者に対し API の使用許諾を出す権限を受けていますが これは排他的な権限ではありません To develop and publish a 5ch net dedicated browser the API we provide must be used The development of dedicated browsers that work via parsing HTML is prohibited Loki Technology Inc has granted Jane KK the non exclusive privilege of granting licenses to our API Fisch Michael 2009 War by Metaphor in Densha Otoko Mechademia 4 1 131 146 doi 10 1353 mec 0 0078 ISSN 2152 6648 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 a b c d Youssef Sandra 2009 Geeks and Creeps in No Name Land Triangulating Anonymity 2channel and Densha Otoko University of British Columbia Anthropology Department Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 4 June 2020 a b Katayama Lisa 19 June 2008 Art and ASCII The Stories Behind All Those Brackets Slashes and Carets Wired ISSN 1059 1028 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 24 May 2020 ２ちゃんねる管理人に賠償命令 掲示板での中傷放置 2channel admin ordered to pay compensation textboard neglected duty to delete libel Asahi Shimbun in Japanese 20 January 2006 Archived from the original on 3 February 2006 Retrieved 23 May 2020 判決によると 同掲示板に０４年３ １２月 有道さんが人種差別主義者であるかのような中傷などが１２件掲載されたが 管理人は有道さんの削除要請に応じなかった In total twelve slanderous messages were posted calling Arudou a white supremacist between March and December 2004 The admin ignored his request they be deleted ２ちゃんねるガイド 基本 2channel FAQ 2ch net 9 February 2007 Archived from the original on 9 February 2007 Retrieved 20 May 2020 また 一般人の誹謗中傷 私生活情報暴露は禁止します Further to slander or expose the personal information of an ordinary member of the public is forbidden Looking for the Law in Online Japan s Wild West Online Journalism Review USC Annenberg 2 February 2006 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 20 May 2020 In December 2004 through February 2005 I notified 2 Channel by e mail at their designated address where you request deletions They never answered Nor did the defamatory posts come down So my lawyers contacted the owner a Mr Nishimura by registered snail mail several times Returned by the post office unopened We did check to make sure Mr Nishimura was residing there of course So we sued And believe it or not Mr Nishimura never answered any court communiques never appeared in court never offered any acknowledgment whatsoever That s irresponsible on all counts Arudou Debito 3 February 2009 2channel the bullies forum The Japan Times Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 5 June 2020 a b Hiyama Hiroshi 5 March 2010 Japan s hate filled top web forum Agence France Presse ISSN 0307 1235 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 20 May 2020 via The Telegraph Ashcraft Brian 10 December 2012 Japanese Internet Mogul Hit with Drug Accusations Kotaku Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 20 May 2020 京アニ放火 直前の 意味深 書き込みで広がる憶測 SNS まとめブログなどが拡散するが It s speculated the KyoAni arsonist wrote posts suggestive of his plans on social media Matome sites are spreading the posts but J CAST ニュース in Japanese 18 July 2019 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 22 May 2020 Fuchs Tamara Schafer Fabian 6 January 2020 Normalizing misogyny hate speech and verbal abuse of female politicians on Japanese Twitter Japan Forum 33 4 553 579 doi 10 1080 09555803 2019 1687564 ISSN 0955 5803 S2CID 213983501 Salzberg Chris 11 December 2007 Japan Flaming and the secrets we hide Global Voices Berkman Klein Center for Internet amp Society Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 28 June 2020 a b McLelland Mark J December 2008 Race on the Japanese internet discussing Korea and Koreans on 2 channeru New Media and Society 10 6 811 829 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 691 4872 doi 10 1177 1461444808096246 S2CID 10037117 via University of Wollongong Library Arudou Debito 18 January 2006 Brief Libel lawsuit against 2channel Debito org Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 28 June 2020 Chander Anupam 2014 How Law Made Silicon Valley PDF Emory Law Journal 63 3 639 694 Retrieved 28 June 2020 Jong Koo Yoon 9 August 2011 Japan s right wing groups hold rallies vs Korean pop culture The Dong a Ilbo Retrieved 11 August 2011 Endō Kaoru 29 July 2018 ネトウヨ ユーチューブ 大量削除 の波紋 遠藤薫氏 The repercussions of YouTube s mass banning of netto uyoku iRONNA in Japanese Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 21 May 2020 via Sankei Shimbun そもそも今回の 運動 は ２ちゃんねる 現５ちゃんねる から ネトウヨ に対するカウンターとして始まった ２ちゃんねるが ネトウヨ の活動場所とみなされることが多い現状から考えると この 運動 を不思議に思う人もいるのではないか In the first place this exercise started as a way to counter netto uyoku users from 2channel 5channel Considering the current situation where 2channel is often regarded as the activity place of the netto uyoku there are surely some who find this exercise perplexing 朝日新聞編集局員が2chで荒らし 差別表現投稿で 厳正処分 Asahi Shimbun editor trolls on 2channel newspaper promises to strictly dispose of any employee who posts racist comments ITmedia NEWS in Japanese 1 April 2009 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 21 May 2020 Slater David H Nishimura Keiko Kindstrand Love 7 June 2012 Social Media Information and Political Activism in Japan s 3 11 Crisis The Asia Pacific Journal 10 24 Archived from the original on 24 September 2016 Tetsuya Ozaki 11 November 2004 100 Redesigning Tokyo REALTOKYO Out of Tokyo Retrieved 20 May 2020 Hiroyuki single handedly created the program for his groundbreaking autonomous anonymous media when he had time to spare during studies in the USA Kawaguchi Masaki 2009 sage とは What is sage Infoseek Dictionary Japan Heibonsha KK Archived from the original on 14 September 2020 Retrieved 20 May 2020 サービス妨害攻撃の対策等調査 Survey on countermeasures against denial of service attacks PDF Information Technology Promotion Agency Security Center Government of Japan 1 December 2010 p 29 ただし 米国政府機関など複数のサイトに被害が発生したことから FBI等が捜査に乗り出し 把握されている被害額は約250万ドルに上るとされている However due to damage to multiple sites including those of US government agencies the FBI and others have launched an investigation and it is estimated that the amount of damage is about 2 5 million Watkins Jim 10 February 2011 ２ちゃんねる Jim Watkins氏より緊急メッセージ 2channel An urgent message from Jim Watkins Niconico Douga in English and Japanese Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Machkovech Sam 8 January 2015 8chan related sites go down in Lizard Squad powered DDoS Ars Technica Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 23 May 2020 2ちゃんねる サーバーダウンがとまらない サイバー攻撃の影響も受けユーザー 激おこ 2channel servers are still down Affected 2channel users are very angry J CAST News in Japanese The Japan Times 13 January 2015 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 23 May 2020 年末から続く不調に 運営側に怒りの矛先を向ける人も少なくない Due to the bad condition of the infrastructure which has continued since year s end many users are angry with the management Mochimaru Kōjirō 2005 迷惑メール スパイウェアの撃退法 情報の盗難 ウイルス 詐欺から身を守る Keep Spam Spyware Away How to Protect Yourself from Identity Theft Viruses and Fraud とっておきの秘技 Secret Techniques in Japanese MyNavi Publishing KK 株式会社マイナビ出版 Niigata C amp R Institute C amp R研究所 p 228 ISBN 978 4 903111 04 9 ネット使用小中学生の12 2ちゃんねる 利用 ちょっと早過ぎ 2ちゃんねらーも戸惑う 12 of elementary and junior high school students use 2channel 2channel natives dismayed a little too early J CAST News in Japanese 2 February 2007 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 13 July 2019 ネット上のいじめ に関する対応マニュアル 事例集 学校 教員向け Guidance on coping with cyberbullying and a collection of cases intended for schools and teachers in Japanese Ministry of Education Culture Sports Science and Technology 2008 p 2 Yonemori Tokuichi Nakama Masahiro Miyagi Hiroyuki 1 March 2009 沖縄県の青少年健全育成に向けた情報モラル教育のあり方 ネット上の有害サイトから子ども達を守る方策を考える The Research of Information Moral Education For the Youth Healthy Training in Okinawa The policy which protects children from the harmful sites on the Internet Bulletin of the Center for Educational Practice University of the Ryukyus University of the Ryukyus 16 1 11 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Nishimura Hiroyuki 27 February 2020 YouTubeは13歳以下だと登録NG 子供をネットの危険から守るには YouTube shouldn t be used by kids under 13 why it is necessary to protect children from the dangers of the internet Nikkan SPA in Japanese Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 21 May 2020 Nishimura Hiroyuki 13 June 2000 民主党 菅直人氏より2ちゃんねるへの通知 Notice sent to 2channel from Democratic Party s Naoto Kan 2channel in Japanese Archived from the original on 27 January 2003 Retrieved 28 May 2020 via Infoseek Japan 2channel Log 麻生太郎氏 ２ちゃん 時々書き込む Taro Aso 2chan Yes I post on there sometimes Sankei Shimbun in Japanese 6 October 2007 Archived from the original on 9 October 2007 Retrieved 21 May 2020 via MSN Japan a b c マック赤坂氏 港区議選に初当選 奇抜な政見放送で話題 Mac Akasaka wins Minato City election for the first time received attention from unusual political broadcasts Asahi Shinbun in Japanese 22 April 2019 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 20 March 2020 マック赤坂氏は スマイル党 を立ち上げ ２０１６年の東京都知事選や国政選挙など 過去に１０回以上立候補 政見放送に奇抜な服装で臨むなどして ネット上で話題を呼んできた Mac Akasaka founder of the Smile Party has run for various offices including national offices more than ten times such as in 2016 when he was a candidate for governor of Tokyo The eccentric garments he wears during his political broadcasts among other things he does online have given him considerable attention Murakami Kōsuke 22 April 2019 初当選マック赤坂氏 又吉イエスさんに報告したい Elected for first time Mac Akasaka says I wish I could share this news with the late Matayoshi Jesus Nikkan Sports in Japanese Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 20 March 2020 St Michel Patrick 27 April 2019 Japan s internet took on a life of its own during the Heisei Era The Japan Times Archived from the original on 27 April 2019 Retrieved 5 June 2020 ひろゆき氏 朝の情報番組の食レポで 美味しい と言わず Hiroyuki appears on morning food information program but doesn t call the food delicious Excite in Japanese Techinsight KK 1 October 2019 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 22 May 2020 太田光 SNSで人を叩くユーザーを 表現の自由を履き違えてる と批判 賛同の声が続々 Hikari Ōta critical of abusive social media users says that they miss the point of freedom of expression Excite in Japanese Sirabee NEWSY KK Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 23 May 2020 太田光はSNSの炎上について こういう問題の最初が2ちゃんねるだからさ 一番悪いのは博之くんだよ とジャブ Ōta responded with a jab Because this problem got its start on 2channel Hiroyuki kun is the number one worst offender he said regarding flame wars on social media Ichirō Okada 20 April 2006 政治としてのインターネット 掲示板とブログから見えるもの Observations on the political impacts of bulletin boards and blogs Alter Magazine in Japanese No 28 Retrieved 22 May 2020 保守系論壇誌 諸君 では２ちゃんねる上における愛国的言説を紹介するコーナー 麹町電網 インターネット 測候所 まで存在するという There is even a column of the conservative magazine Shokun Kōjimachi Denmō Sokkōjo that shares patriotic posts from 2channel 片山さつき氏 文春記者の刑事告訴も ジャーナリズムではなく２ちゃんねる Satsuki Katayama lodges criminal complaint against Weekly Bunshun reporter saying Bunshun is more like 2channel than journalism The Sankei News in Japanese 8 February 2019 Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 Retrieved 22 May 2020 External links Edit Wikibooks has a book on the topic of 2ch Chronicle Official website 5channel Official website 2ch sc Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 2channel amp oldid 1130830942, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.