2Day FM

2Day FM (call sign 2DAY) is a commercial FM radio station broadcasting in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, on a frequency of 104.1 MHz, and is part of Southern Cross Austereo's Hit Network.

2Day FM

Sydney, New South Wales Australia
Frequency	104.1 MHz FM
Branding	104.1 2DAY FM
Programming
Language(s)	English
Format	Adult contemporary Hot adult contemporary
Affiliations	Hit Network
Ownership
Owner	Southern Cross Austereo (Today FM Sydney Pty Ltd)
Sister stations	Triple M
History
First air date	2 August 1980 (1980-08-02)
Technical information
Licensing authority	ACMA
Class	Commercial
ERP	80,000 watts
HAAT	224 metres (735 ft)^[1]
Transmitter coordinates	33°48′20″S 151°10′51″E / 33.80556°S 151.18083°E / -33.80556; 151.18083
Links
Public licence information	Profile
Website	2DayFM

History

1980s

2Day FM was one of three radio stations (along with Triple M and Triple J) to be granted new FM broadcasting licenses in Sydney in 1980, and commenced broadcasting on 2 August of that year. The original owners were well known media personalities John Laws (30%), Mike Willesee (30%), Village Roadshow (30%) and Graham Kennedy (10%). The station's original programming format was focused towards easy-listening music, but shifted to more pop and rock oriented programming since the late 1980s, with the later addition of Hip-Hop and dance music to their playlists.

Originally the studios were located on the second floor of the Sovereign Inn at 220 Pacific Highway, Crows Nest. The building became the All Seasons hotel during the 2000s and in 2009 was demolished and re-developed into a mixed commercial building.

The original equipment comprised BMX Pacific Recorder mixing consoles, and CEI cartridge machines.

The station was sold to the Lamb Family in February 1987, who sold it again to radio group Austereo in May 1989.^[2][3]

1990s

In 1995, the station's owner Austereo bought out the Triple M network from Hoyts, and following the merger of the two companies in 1996 2Day FM moved its studios and administration to Level 24, Tower 1, Westfield Bondi Junction at 520 Oxford Street, just one floor below the original home of Triple M since 1980. Austereo also took over Level 26 of the same building for its corporate departments. With the move to new premises, 2Day FM also adopted digital audio playout, incorporating the DCS audio system built by Computer Concepts, sold and supported in Australia by Techtel.

During the 1990s, 2Day FM enjoyed ratings success, especially with its breakfast program The Morning Crew (featuring well-known Australian comedian Wendy Harmer and television comedian Peter Moon), which consistently topped its segment in the Sydney radio market for years.

From 1995 to 1998, 2Day FM broadcast the highly successful Martin/Molloy drive program with Tony Martin and Mick Molloy. This program was networked to over 50 stations around Australia (from the studios of Fox FM in Melbourne, Victoria), and is considered one of Australia's most successful FM radio shows. Martin and Molloy left the Today Network in late 1998 at the top of the ratings, citing the need for a break from the pressures of radio.

Nights on 2Day FM have also been controversial. In 1997, night announcer David Rymer, host of the then Top 30 Countdown, was castigated in the media for a poorly thought-out on air stunt in which he called a top ranking Year 12 student, pretending to be from the Board of Studies. He told the girl her results were incorrect and that her marks had been adjusted.^[4] He played the segment to air after receiving verbal permission to do so from the girl's mother. However, her father was a lawyer and took legal action.^{[citation needed]} The media responded and Rymer was suspended until further notice. He returned to the show a month later but was soon moved to day shifts on sister station Triple M to make way for the new networked night show Ugly Phil's Hot 30, hosted by Phil O'Neil and his then wife Jackie O. The new show was not without its controversy either, with complaints about obscenity and foul language. O'Neil resigned in 2000 and the show disintegrated, followed by their divorce in 2001. O'Neil moved to the UK to present breakfast on Kerrang! 105.2 and was replaced by the Brisbane-based Kyle Sandilands, while Jackie O remained as co-host.

2000s

Peter Moon left the breakfast show in 2002 after infighting with Harmer became unbearable for him.^[5] He was replaced by yet another Melbourne comedian, Greg Fleet, who was poorly received by the Sydney radio listeners.^[6]

When Harmer resigned in 2003, the station replaced her with Melbourne comedian Judith Lucy.^[7] Lucy was given free rein over the new show and installed two friends, Peter Helliar and Kaz Cooke, to co-host. The show was not a success in the ratings and the station received some of the worst breakfast ratings in its history.^[8]

2Day FM continued to broadcast from Bondi Junction until October 2005, when both 2Day FM and Triple M moved into new premises at World Square, Goulburn Street, Sydney. The new premises included state of the art Klotz Digital equipment, and a street level studio. 2Day FM started 2005 with a number of changes, the most significant of which was moving the drive show team of Kyle Sandilands and Jackie O to breakfast and employing a young and unknown Craig Lowe as the host of the nightly networked show Lowie's Hot30.^[9][10] This was short-lived, however, after yet another on air gaffe later in the year that involved a porn star relating sexually charged experiences live to air which resulted in a breach of codes finding.^[11] Lowie was forced to resign as host of the Hot30 in November 2006.^[12] Tim Lee and co-host Carla Bignasca (Biggsy) were announced as his replacements in February 2007.

2009 child rape victim incident

In 2009, 2Day FM were ordered to provide increased protection for children after a 14-year-old child was attached to a lie detector and pressured into discussing her sex life live on air. Kyle Sandilands, the radio show host, encouraged both the girl and her mother to discuss whether she was sexually active, to which the girl responded: "I've already told you the story of this and don't look at me and smile because it's not funny. Oh, okay. I got raped when I was 12 years old." To which the host replied: "Right. And is that, is that the only experience you've had?"^[13][14]

2010s

2012 royal hoax call incident

Main article: Death of Jacintha Saldanha

In December 2012, the Hot 30 program hosts, Mel Greig and Mike Christian, obtained information about The Duchess of Cambridge's health by impersonating Queen Elizabeth II and The Prince of Wales in a phone call to King Edward VII's Hospital Sister Agnes, where the Duchess was being treated for hyperemesis gravidarum. The call, made at about 5.30 am London time (GMT) on 4 December, was answered at the reception by nurse Jacintha Saldanha as no switchboard receptionist was on duty. Saldanha transferred the call to the nurse treating the Duchess, who gave details of her condition. Christian, who had only started on the show a day earlier, proposed calling the hospital in the hope of getting the Duchess on the air. The stunt was cleared by 2Day FM lawyers prior to airing. When hospital chief executive John Lofthouse learned it was a prank, he condemned it as an act of "journalistic trickery" that no nurse should have to deal with.^[15]

While the hospital has expressed concern that the prank may have broken the law, the CEO of Southern Cross Austereo, Rhys Holleran, stated that he did not believe any laws were broken.^[16] Later, Holleran said that station officials tried to contact the nurses whose voices were recorded at least five times prior to greenlighting the stunt for air. However, at least one legal expert told ABC News that the stunt may have broken New South Wales state law forbidding the recording of private conversations without the other party's consent.^[17] At a Federal Court hearing it became known that Australian media watchdog Australian Communications & Media Authority (ACMA) had prepared a confidential, preliminary report saying that the Radio Royal hoax 'broke law'. 2Day FM acted illegally by airing the phone call without consent.^[18]

The King Edward VII Hospital has stated that the radio station "did not speak to anyone in hospital senior management, or anyone at the company that handles our media enquiries" following the hoax call.^[19]

Just before 9.30 am (GMT) on 7 December, Saldanha was found dead at her accommodation near the hospital in a suspected suicide.^[20] Police said the death was being treated as "unexplained"^[21] and the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge said they were "deeply saddened" by the news.^[22] 2Day FM continued to promote the prank for a time after Saldanha's death.^[15] Holleran said the presenters were both "deeply shocked" and would not return to their radio show until further notice.^[23] With advertisers boycotting the station or threatening to do so, Southern Cross Austereo suspended all advertising on 2Day FM until at least 10 December.^[24]

The hospital chairman, Lord Glenarthur, wrote a letter to Southern Cross Austereo protesting Greig and Christian's actions: "King Edward VII's Hospital cares for sick people, and it was extremely foolish of your presenters even to consider trying to lie their way through to one of our patients, let alone actually make the call."^[25] Southern Cross Austereo chairman Max Moore-Wilton wrote back to Lord Glenarthur promising "immediate action" and a full review of the process by which the broadcast was cleared. At an emergency meeting, Austereo announced that advertising would remain suspended on 2Day FM until at least 12 December.^[26] It also formally cancelled the Hot 30 program and suspended prank-call stunts on all Austereo stations, effective immediately.^[27] That night, Greig and Christian gave their first interviews since Saldanha's death, telling Nine Network's A Current Affair and Seven Network's Today Tonight that they were still badly shaken over the tragedy.^[28] Austereo also cancelled its yearly Christmas party for the employees in its Sydney cluster out of respect for Saldanha's family and donated the money it planned to spend on the party to Beyond Blue and Lifeline.^[29]

On 12 December, Southern Cross Austereo announced that advertising on 2Day FM would resume the next day. It will donate the remainder of station advertising proceeds for 2012—a minimum of $A500,000 (£320,000)—to a memorial fund that will benefit Saldanha's family.^[30]

The Metropolitan Police made contact with NSW Police about the incident as part of their investigation into the death.^[26]

On 13 December, ABC News reported that ACMA opened a formal investigation into the prank call. The same day, The Guardian reported about three suicide notes left by Jacintha before her death, two of which were found at the scene and one in her belongings. It said one of them dealt with the prank call, another contained requests for her funeral and the third was critical of the staff of the hospital.^[31]

On 27 January 2013, Southern Cross Austereo announced on its Facebook page that the Hot 30 show responsible for the prank would not be returning, and instead replaced it with a new, networked night show titled The Bump Show hosted by O'Loughlin.^[32] For a brief period it was replaced by an international syndication of Ryan Seacrest.

Mike Christian returned to broadcasting in February 2013. Mel Greig received counselling for depression and quit her job with the station after a year. It was reported that she had objected to the broadcast but was overruled by station managers.^[33] In January 2016, Greig began co-hosting the 96.5 Wave FM breakfast show, The Hot Breakfast, with Travis Winks,^[34] she had taken a three-year hiatus following the royal prank call incident.^[35] In 2018, Greig left Wave FM to move back to Sydney citing personal reasons.

Departure of Kyle Sandilands and Jackie O

In November 2013, breakfast team of Kyle Sandilands and Jackie O announced their departure from the station and the network. Whilst they were present at 2Day FM, the station held the number 1 FM breakfast show for 52 radio surveys in a row, and kept the station as the number 1 FM station in Sydney.^[36] Hours after the duo finished their final show at 2Day FM, rival Australian Radio Network announced the pair would be moving to a new look Mix 106.5. On 8 December, ARN announced the station would rebrand as KIIS 106.5, with Kyle Sandilands and Jackie O on breakfast.

Since the departure of Kyle Sandilands and Jackie 'O' Henderson in 2013, the station has plummeted from being the top rating commercial FM station to the bottom with an audience share of just 4 per cent – having been as low as 2.8 per cent.^[37] The replacement breakfast shows have never managed to improve ratings. The Kyle & Jackie O show on KIIS 106.5 has surged on, often competing with WSFM Jonesy and Amanda for the number 1 FM breakfast show.^[38]

In August 2014, Mel B left the then breakfast team (Merrick Watts, Jules Lund and Sophie Monk) coming to the end of her six-month contract.^[39]

In November 2014, a 30-second ad on 2Day FM in breakfast cost $850 and in drive cost $700 (with 2Day FM holding a 3.3% and 4.3% share, respectively, in these slots at the time).^[40]

Rebuilding Phase: Post Kyle and Jackie O

In January 2015, Dan and Maz took over the coveted breakfast slot.^[41] They were initially brought on board to connect with a younger audience, however struggled to make inroads against established competitors including Kyle and Jackie O on KIIS, WSFM's Jonesy & Amanda, Triple M's "The Grill Team" and Nova's Fitzy & Wippa. After struggling for the most part of the year, it was announced in October 2015, that Rove McManus would front a brand new Breakfast Show titled Rove and Sam on a three-year deal.^[42] On 9 November 2015, Rove and Sam first aired with co-host Sam Frost.

Later in 2015, Mike Christian returned to 2Day FM in a reduced position, mostly covering special events.

In July 2015, SCA managed to lure back popular comedians Hamish & Andy to the national drive slot with their syndicated radio show.^[43] The duo continued their strong run in drive since returning to 2Day FM station, with 6.8% audience share in their second survey period.^[44] The duo saw an increase of 0.3 percentage points over the period, placing them in the middle of the pack alongside WSFM and Triple M, which were also on a 6.8% audience share. They ultimately decided against renewing their contract at the end of 2017, opting instead to host a podcast version of the show from 2018 onwards.

With Rove and Sam's arrival into the 2Day FM breakfast market, Dan and Maz would return in 2016 to host a new weekend Breakfast show across the country for the network.^[45][46]

In January 2017, Rove and Sam moved from the breakfast show to a national nightly program on the Hit Network due to poor ratings. Em Rusciano and Harley Breen replaced Rove and Sam from 23 January 2017.^[47]

In November 2017, Southern Cross Austereo announced that Harley Breen would leave the station to focus on his stand up career. Breen would be replaced by Ed Kavalee.

In December 2017, Southern Cross Austereo announced that Grant Denyer would join Em Rusciano and Ed Kavalee. The show would be titled Em, Grant & Ed and commenced on 15 January 2018. In September 2018, Rusciano announced that she would be leaving the show to focus on her stand up career and upcoming birth of her third child. Ash London initially replaced her until it was announced in December 2018 that she will join the show permanently from January 2019.

In August 2019, Southern Cross Austereo announced that Em, Grant & Ed would finish on Friday 16 August due to taking a 'new direction'. Em, Grant & Ed had an audience share of 3.1% in the fourth survey period. The show will be replaced by a music focused show, Music for Breakfast hosted by Jamie Angel.^[48] Angel's new show will commence from Monday 19 August. Kavalee, Denyer and London will remain with Southern Cross Austereo in other capacities.

In July 2020, Southern Cross Austereo unveiled a number of major changes to the Hit Network in metro and regional markets. It was the biggest network overhaul since the Hit brand was first introduced in 2014 and marked the beginning of a major play by SCA to reclaim their duopoly leadership position in key markets. This included a change in branding and logo once again for 2Day FM.^[49]

In November 2020, Southern Cross Austereo announced that Dave Hughes, Ed Kavalee and Erin Molan would replace Jamie Angel to host Hughesy, Ed & Erin from Monday, 18 January 2020.^[50] Highlights of the show are broadcast around the country for an hour on the Hit Network from 6pm.

Rebranding

Early in 2015, Southern Cross Austereo announced a re-branding of the Today Network stations in capital cities. This followed the successful revamp in September 2014 of poorly performing Adelaide station SAFM. The rebrand was to HIT 107, which also provided it with a new fresh on air sound. In January, new logos were announced for all the capital city stations^[51] (excluding Canberra) to the Hit brand.^[52]

Perth station 92.9 FM was easily rebranded Hit 92.9, and the remaining capitals were co-branded to their previous names with the hit brand and frequency, for example "Hit 1019 the Fox", and "Hit 1041 2DAY FM". These co-brands were expected to dispense with the older identities, as demonstrated by the trademark applications lodged by SCA. A trademark on "HIT104" was intended to be the eventual identity of 2Day FM.

Brisbane's co-branding with B105 was abandoned in Easter 2015 to HIT 105, leaving Sydney and Melbourne the only station idents with co-branding.

On 1 September 2015, both 2Day FM and Fox FM transitioned away from using the "hit" line in their on-air positioning. Hit Network Group CD Dave Cameron advised "'Hit' will always be in the on-air vernacular, being the backbone of the network format, but more of a focus would be on '2Day' and 'Fox' brands in those respective markets".^[53] The following year, 2016, SCA continued to roll out the Hit Network brand to former Today Network regional stations.^[51]

Logos

•  

  1996–2004

•  

  2005–2014

•  

  2015–2020

NSW

News

• Erin Molan (Breakfast)
• Kim Braddish (Mornings)
• Amy Goggins (Afternoon)
• Micaela Savage (Drive)
• Siobhan Caulfield (Fill-in)
• Loren Howarth (Fill-In)

Transmission

The station transmits from the Hampden Road Artarmon Tower, jointly owned by television stations Seven, Nine and Ten. It shares an antenna with three other stations, Triple M, WS FM and KIIS 106.5, under the collective banner of Sydney FM Facilities. The base broadcast power is 20 kilowatts and is currently delivered by a Harris ZD20 solid state transmitter.^{[citation needed]}

It has an alternate transmission facility on the Broadcast Australia tower at Gore Hill, with an output power of 16 kilowatts delivered by an NEC FBN11K20E valve transmitter. Though almost 20 years old it is fed with all-digital input equipment.^{[citation needed]}

Digital radio

2Day FM is simulcast on digital radio in Sydney. The station launched Choose The Hits, a station only broadcast on digital radio, was launched on 1 February 2010 and closed on 26 May 2010. In addition to FM radio, listeners can also tune in through the station's smartphone application.

References

1. HAAT estimated from http://www.itu.int/SRTM3/ using EHAAT.
2. Wright, Lea (17 February 1987). "Lambs Buy Willesee's 2Day-FM for $70M". Business. Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney, Australia: Fairfax Media. p. 21. Retrieved 26 April 2010.
3. Wright, Lea (4 May 1989). "2Day-FM Sold for $80M-Plus". Business. Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney: Fairfax Media. p. 26. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
4. Adam, By (11 January 1996). "Radio prank left girl in tears". News and Features. Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney: Fairfax Media. p. 4. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
5. Javes, Sue (25 November 2002). "Breaking up is hard to do". The Guide. Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney, Australia: Fairfax Media. p. 6. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
6. Javes, Sue (16 June 2003). "Straight talking". The Guide. Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney, Australia: Fairfax Media. p. 4. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
7. Jinman, Richard (29 November 2003). "After 11 years of cleaning up breakfast, she's called it a morning". News And Features. Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney, Australia: Fairfax Media. p. 5. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
8. Jackson, Sally; Kaszubska, Gosia; Fraser, Andrew; Sproull, Richard; King, David (9 December 2004). "Nova leads with music and ABC with talk". Features. The Australian. p. 16.
9. Javes, Sue (7 December 2004). "Austereo mixes breakfast with dinner in ratings bid". News and Features. Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney, Australia: Fairfax Media. p. 5. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
10. Toy, Naomi; Connolly, Fiona; Frilingos, Matt (28 January 2005). "Sydney Confidential". Features. The Daily Telegraph. p. 40.
11. Lowe, Craig (8 May 2006). "How Lowe can he go?". The Guide. Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney, Australia: Fairfax Media. p. 5. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
12. Javes, Sue (13 November 2006). "Price and prejudice". The Guide. Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney, Australia: Fairfax Media. p. 5. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
13. "Kate prank radio station disciplined over rape show". Channel 4 News. 7 December 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
14. "Teenage girl's radio rape admission sparks DOCS inquiry". The Australian. 29 July 2009. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
15. Gordon Rayner (8 December 2012). "'Cruel' hospital hoax still playing on radio". The Daily Telegraph. London.
16. Duffin, Claire (8 December 2012). "Duchess of Cambridge: radio station behind hoax call says it has not broken any laws". The Daily Telegraph. London.
17. 2Day FM 'tried to contact nurses' after prank. ABC News, 10 December 2012.
18. "Radio Royal hoax 'broke law' according to watchdog". BBC. 20 September 2013. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
19. "Kate hoax: Australian presenters gutted and heartbroken". BBC News. 10 December 2012.
20. Davies, Caroline (7 December 2012). "Royal hospital nurse who took hoax call from DJs found dead". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
21. . BNO News. 7 December 2012. Archived from the original on 31 May 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
22. . BNO News. 7 December 2012. Archived from the original on 31 May 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
23. "Southern Cross Austereo media statement on 8 December 2012" (Press release). 2dayfm.com.au. 8 December 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
24. Swan, Jonathan (8 December 2012). "2Day FM suspends all advertising amid royal prank backlash". Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney, Australia: Fairfax Media. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
25. "Kate hoax call: London hospital protests to radio network". BBC News. 9 December 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
26. Ben Butler; Harriet Alexander; Julia Medew (10 December 2012). "Austereo responds to hospital over prank call tragedy". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 10 December 2012.
27. Hambly, Natalie. 2Day FM cancels show, suspends prank calls. Sydney Morning Herald, 10 December 2012.
28. 'Shattered' DJs discuss prank call tragedy. ABC News, 11 December 2012.
29. Michael, Sara (10 December 2012). "2Day FM cancels staff Christmas party in wake of phone hoax scandal". News.com.au.
30. Kate hoax: Radio station to donate to nurse family. BBC News, 12 December 2012.
31. Laville, Sandra; Davies, Caroline (13 December 2012). "Jacintha Saldanha suicide note criticised hospital staff". The Guardian. London. from the original on 14 December 2012. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
32. "Royal pranksters' show replaced by Austereo". Sydney Morning Herald. 28 January 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
33. Thorne, Frank (5 December 2013). "DJ quits one year after her royal hoax led to suicide". Evening Standard. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
34. Galvin, Nick (27 January 2016). "Mel Greig on 96.5 Wave FM three years after royal prank". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
35. Savage, Desirée (19 December 2015). "Former 2Day FM host Mel Greig gets her first radio gig in three years at Wollongong's Wave FM". Illawarra Mercury. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
36. "CONFIRMED : Kyle & Jackie O join ARN". 28 November 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
37. "'The strategy's changed': Rove addition to 2DayFM signals new direction says Guy Dobson – mUmBRELLA". 6 October 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
38. "Line in the sand for 2Day Breakfast ?". 3 September 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
39. . Archived from the original on 25 August 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
40. Lallo, Michael (9 November 2014). "'Also Ran Network' seals victory with a Kiis". The Sun-Herald. Sydney, Australia. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
41. "Rookies Dan and Maz to try their hand in the cutthroat breakfast slot for 2Day FM". 29 October 2014.
42. "Rove Returns!". 2dayfm.com.au. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
43. "The Return of Hamish & Andy. They're Back but What Does it Mean?". 5 July 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
44. "Hamish and Andy hold steady; WSFM wins FM breakfast battle – AdNews". Adnews.com.au. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
45. "Rove Confirmed: GAME ON". Radiotoday.com.au. 6 October 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
46. "Rove McManus to host 2DayFM breakfast radio". Thenewdaily.com.au. 6 October 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
47. "The Em Rusciano Radio Show with Harley Breen "We hope to excitify Sydney?"". radiotoday.com.au. 6 January 2017.
48. "2DayFM replaces Grant, Ed & Ash with 'Music For Breakfast' show". Radiotoday.com.au. 15 August 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
49. "Hit Network set for biggest overhaul in half-decade [exclusive]". Radiotoday.com.au. 26 July 2020.
50. Zanda Wilson (23 November 2020). "SCA reintroduces 2Day FM breakfast team with Hughesy, Ed and Erin Molan in 2021". Mumbrella.com.au. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
51. "Updated: SCA's hit roll out continues". Radioinfo.com.au. 3 February 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
52. "Today Network rebrands". Radiotoday.com.au. 17 December 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
53. . Radioinfo.com.au. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 7 October 2015.