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2019–20 South Pacific cyclone season

January 30, 2023

The 2019–20 South Pacific cyclone season was a slightly above-average season in which tropical cyclones formed within the South Pacific Ocean to the east of 160°E. The season officially ran from November 1, 2019, to April 30, 2020, however a tropical cyclone could form at any time between July 1, 2019, and June 30, 2020, and would count towards the season total. The season began on November 22 with the formation of Tropical Cyclone Rita, which would later become a severe tropical cyclone. The season has been near-average in terms of activity, with 8 tropical cyclones and 4 severe tropical cyclones forming during the season. The season featured Cyclone Harold, the first Category 5 severe tropical cyclone in the basin since Cyclone Gita, and one of the strongest since Cyclone Winston. During the season, tropical cyclones are officially monitored by the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS), Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) and New Zealand's MetService. The United States Armed Forces through the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) also monitors the basin and issue unofficial warnings for American interests. The FMS attaches a number and an F suffix to tropical disturbances that form in or move into the basin while the JTWC designates significant tropical cyclones with a number and a P suffix. The FMS, BoM and MetService all use the Australian Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale and estimate wind speeds over a period of ten minutes, while the JTWC estimated sustained winds over a 1-minute period, which are subsequently compared to the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS)

2019–20 South Pacific cyclone season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formedNovember 22, 2019 (2019-11-22)
Last system dissipatedApril 10, 2020 (2020-04-10)
Strongest storm
NameHarold
 • Maximum winds230 km/h (145 mph)
(10-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure920 hPa (mbar)
Seasonal statistics
Total disturbances12
Total depressions8
Tropical cyclones8
Severe tropical cyclones3
Total fatalities5 total  
Total damage> $131.63 million (2019 USD)
Related articles
South Pacific tropical cyclone seasons
2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, 2021–22

Seasonal forecasts

Source/Record Tropical
Cyclone 		Severe
Tropical Cyclone 		Ref
Record high: 1997–98: 16 1982–83: 10 [1]
Record low: 1990–91:  2 2008–09:  0 [1]
Average (1969-70 - 2018–19): 7.1  — [2]
NIWA October 9-12 4 [3]
Fiji Meteorological Service 5-8 2-4 [2]
Region Chance of
above average 		Average
number 		Actual
activity
Western South Pacific
(142.5°E—165°E; includes Australian basin) 		54% 4 3
Eastern South Pacific
(165°E—120°W) 		41% 7 2
Source:BOM's South Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season Outlook[4]

Ahead of the cyclone season formally starting, the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS), Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM), New Zealand's MetService and National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) and various other Pacific Meteorological services, all contributed towards the Island Climate Update tropical cyclone outlook that was released during October 2019.[3] The outlook took into account the ENSO neutral conditions that had been observed across the Pacific and analog seasons, that had ENSO neutral and El Nino conditions occurring during the season.[3] The outlook called for a near-average number of tropical cyclones for the 2019–20 season, with nine to twelve named tropical cyclones, predicted to occur between 135°E and 120°W, compared to an average of just over 10.[3] At least four of the tropical cyclones were expected to intensify further and become severe tropical cyclones, while it was noted that a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone could occur during the season.[3]

In addition to contributing towards the Island Climate Update outlook, the FMS and the BoM issued their own seasonal forecasts for the South Pacific region.[2][4] The BoM issued two seasonal forecasts for the Southern Pacific Ocean, for their self-defined eastern and western regions of the South Pacific Ocean.[4] They predicted that the Western region between 142.5°E and 165°E, had a 54% chance of seeing activity above its average of 4 tropical cyclones. The BoM also predicted that the Eastern Region between 165°E and 120°W, had a 41% chance of seeing activity above its average of 7 tropical cyclones.[4] Within their outlook the FMS predicted that between five and eight tropical cyclones, would occur within the basin compared to an average of around 7.1 cyclones.[2] At least two of the tropical cyclones were expected to intensify further and become Category 3 or higher severe tropical cyclones.[2]

Both the Island Climate Update and the FMS tropical cyclone outlooks assessed the risk of a tropical cyclone affecting a certain island or territory.[2][3] The Island Climate Update Outlook predicted that American Samoa, French Polynesia's Austral Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu as well as the Solomon Islands and Southern Cook Islands had an elevated chance, while the Wallis and Futuna had a normal to elevated chance of being impacted by a tropical cyclone.[3] They also predicted that Fiji, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Northern Cook Islands, Papua New Guinea and Tokelau, all had a near-normal risk of being impacted.[3] The outlook noted that Vanuatu and New Caledonia had a normal to reduced risk of being impacted by multiple tropical cyclones while French Polynesia's Austral Islands had a normal to reduced chance of being impacted. NIWA and partners also considered it unlikely that Pitcairn Islands, Kiribati and French Polynesia's Marquesas Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago would be impacted by a tropical cyclone.[3] The FMS's outlook predicted that the Samoan Islands, Tokelau and Tuvalu had an increased chance of being impacted by a tropical cyclone, while Fiji, the Solomon Islands, Wallis & Futuna, New Caledonia, Tonga, Niue, the southern Cook Islands and French Polynesia's Austral Islands all had a normal chance of being impacted by a tropical cyclone.[2] Their outlook also predicted that Vanuatu, the Northern Cook Islands, French Polynesia's Society Islands had a reduced chance of being affected by a tropical cyclone, while tropical cyclone activity near Kiribati and the Marquesas Islands was considered unlikely.[2] It was thought by the FMS that there was an increased risk of the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Wallis & Futuna, Tokelau, the Samoan Islands, Tonga and Niue being impacted by at least one severe tropical cyclone, while other areas such as the Cook Islands and parts of French Polynesia had a normal to reduced chance of being impacted by a severe tropical cyclone.[2]

Seasonal summary

Cyclone HaroldCyclone Tino (2020)Cyclone SaraiTropical cyclone scales#Comparisons across basins

The season began with the arrival of Tropical Depression 01F on November 22, near the Solomon Islands, which would later become Tropical Cyclone Rita. Rita would then peak as a Category 3 on the Australian scale. Tropical Disturbance 02F was designated sometime later, but didn't last long after that. Sarai formed on December 23, lasting into the new year before finally ceasing to exist on January 2. Not too long after that, Tino formed and affected eastern Fiji and the surrounding area before dissipating. On January 24, a depression formed and dissipated the next day without been named. In early February, another low originally in the Australian region crossed the 160th meridian east and emerged in the South Pacific. It strengthened into severe tropical cyclone Uesi and affected New Caledonia and New Zealand. In mid-February four disturbances formed, 07F, 08F, 09F and 10F. 07F & 08F dissipated before becoming tropical depressions but the other 2 strengthened into tropical cyclones Vicky and Wasi. In mid March, Gretel entered the basin. It dissipated shortly afterwards. In early April, Harold also entered the basin from the Australian region. It rapidly intensified into a Category 5 Severe tropical cyclone as it impacted Vanuatu.

Systems

Tropical Cyclone Rita

Category 2 tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
   
DurationNovember 22 – November 26
Peak intensity110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min) 977 hPa (mbar)

Beginning November 21, the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) began highlighting the likelihood of a tropical cyclone forming between Vanuatu and Fiji.[5] Showers and thunderstorms began to aggregate in the region atop sea surface temperatures above 29 °C (84 °F) in low-wind shear conditions.[6] Imagery from microwave satellite data showed emergent rainbands wrapping towards an organising center of low pressure.[7] Late on November 22, the FMS designated the system, now east of the Solomon Islands, as Tropical Disturbance 01F.[8] The slow-moving disturbance tracked towards the south and southeast,[9] steered by a broad area of high pressure. On November 23, 01F attained tropical depression status.[10] Supported by the stout outflow of air at the upper-levels of the troposphere, shower activity became more concentrated around the center of circulation. The depression reached tropical cyclone intensity by 06:00 UTC on November 24 near the Santa Cruz Islands, earning the name Rita.[11][12][13] A well-defined and formative eye soon developed beneath the central cloud cover.[14] Continuing to intensify in favorable atmospheric conditions, Rita reached Category 2 cyclone strength by November 25, and later will peak with 70 mph per FMS.[15][16][17] The developing eye briefly emerged on infrared and visible satellite imagery as a ragged feature at the cyclone's center, surrounded by well-defined rainbands.[15][18]

Over the course of November 25, convective activity and organization slightly diminished due to an increase in wind shear,[19] and Rita ultimately peaked as a Category 3 tropical cyclone with 10-minute maximum sustained winds of 120 km/h (75 mph) as well as 1-minute sustained winds up to the same intensity. Additionally, Rita reached a minimum barometric pressure of 977 mbar (hPa; 28.85 inHg).[20][21] This made Rita one of the strongest first storms to form in the South Pacific since the formation of Mick in 2009, as many others were merely depressions or disturbances. It then began to track into an area unfavorable for intensification due to the presence of wind shear and cool dry air,[22] resulting in a rapid decay of the storm's convection and a decrease of the storm's maximum winds.[23][24] The FMS issued their last advisory on Rita on November 26 after the storm was downgraded to a remnant area of low pressure; at the time these remnants were slowly moving west-southwest towards northern Vanuatu.[25]

In anticipation of heavy rainfall and strong winds from Rita, the National Disaster Management Office in Port Vila, Vanuatu, issued a Red Alert for Torba Province and a Yellow Alert for Penama Province and Sanma Province.[26][27] Warnings for strong winds were also issued for Shefa and Tafea provinces.[28]

Tropical Disturbance 02F

Tropical disturbance (Australian scale)
   
DurationDecember 19 – December 23
Peak intensityWinds not specified 999 hPa (mbar)

During December 19, the FMS reported that Tropical Disturbance 02F had developed about 55 km (35 mi) to the northeast of Tau in American Samoa's Manu‘a Group.[29] At this time, the system was poorly organised with atmospheric convection located to the east of the storms low level circulation center.[29][30] Over the next few days, the system moved south-westwards within an area that was marginally favourable for further development, with good poleward outflow and warm sea surface temperatures offset by low to moderate vertical wind shear.[30][31] However, it failed to develop any further and was last noted by the FMS during December 23, after it had lost its tropical characteristics and became extratropical.[32][33]

Tropical Cyclone Sarai

Category 2 tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
   
DurationDecember 23 – January 2
Peak intensity110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min) 972 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Cyclone Sarai

During December 23, the FMS reported that Tropical Disturbance 03F had developed about 630 km (390 mi) to the west of Tuvalu.[32] At this time the system was poorly organised with deep atmospheric convection, displaced to the north and east of its broad and elongated low-level circulation.[32][34] The disturbance was also located underneath an upper ridge of high pressure within a favourable environment for further development, with low to moderate vertical windshear and warm sea surface temperatures of 29–30 °C (84–86 °F).[32][34] Over the next couple of days, the system moved southwards and gradually developed further with its overall organisation improving, before it was classified as a tropical depression by the FMS during December 25.[35][36] After being classified as a tropical depression, the system continued to develop, with its outflow improving and deep convection wrapping on to the systems low level circulation center.[37] During December 26, the JTWC initiated advisories on the depression and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 04P, before the FMS reported that the system had become a Category 1 tropical cyclone and named it Sarai.[38][39][40] At this time, Sarai was being steered southwards to the west of Fiji, along the edge of a near-equatorial ridge of high pressure and the jetstream.[38][40] Over the next couple of days, the system gradually intensified further and was classified as a Category 2 tropical cyclone during December 27, while it was located around 220 km (135 mi) to the west of Nadi, Fiji.[41][42] During December 28, as Sarai passed about 100 km (60 mi) to the south of Fiji's Kadavu Island, the FMS estimated that the system had peaked as a Category 2 tropical cyclone with 10-minute sustained winds of 110 km/h (70 mph).[42][43]

Due to an area of high pressure to its east, Sarai took a southerly course during its early stages as a named system.[44] The high pressure region would later shift its orientation, causing Sarai to gradually curve towards the east.[45] On December 27, the cyclone's winds increased further past Category 2 cyclone thresholds, with one-minute sustained winds to hurricane-force.[46] The following day, the FMS assessed a peak intensity with ten-minute sustained winds of 110 km/h (70 mph).[47] At the time, a large eye was evident on microwave satellite data while the storm tracked towards the southeast along the periphery of the jet stream, and remained present throughout the day.[48][49][50] Sarai reached its lowest barometric pressure on December 29 before weakening due to increasing wind shear of 55–65 km/h (34–40 mph), resulting in a loss of organisation.[51][52][53] Sarai's center of circulation became displaced from the storm's convection on December 30, and the storm weakened to Category 1 strength.[54] Its center tracked near Nukuʻalofa on December 31 while the storm's structure rapidly deteriorated, with the JTWC issuing their final advisory that day.[55] The FMS continued monitoring the system as an ex-cyclone as the storm accelerated eastward, highlighting a low possibility for regeneration;[56] the agency ultimately issued their final bulletin on the system on January 2.[57]

As the cyclone passed very close to the main Fijian island of Viti Levu on December 27 and brought very heavy rainfall, the FMS warned of the probability of damaging gale-force and storm-force winds and very heavy rainfall at times, with over 2,000 people being evacuated to higher grounds in case of flooding, while commercial flights and cruises in and out of the country were delayed or cancelled as a result of these conditions. Additionally, as of December 29, 2019, 2 deaths have been confirmed related to the cyclone due to drowning in floodwaters.[58][59] Damage to road infrastructure reached FJ$5 million (US$2.3 million).[60]

Severe Tropical Cyclone Tino

Category 3 severe tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
   
DurationJanuary 11 – January 19
Peak intensity120 km/h (75 mph) (10-min) 970 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Cyclone Tino

On January 10, an area of low pressure formed just east of the Solomon Islands and was forecast by the FMS to track towards the southeast, exhibiting some potential to develop further into a tropical cyclone.[61][62] The FMS designated the slow-moving complex of deep convection as Tropical Disturbance 04F on January 11; at the time, the disturbance was located within a moderate wind shear environment near Makira atop 31 °C (88 °F) ocean waters.[63] Deep convection continued to accompany the developing wind circulation over the following days as conditions grew more favourable, though the wind field remained broad and disorganised.[64][65] The FMS began issuing advisories on 04F on January 14 following improvements in the disturbance's organisation.[66] A subtropical ridge to the northeast caused 04F to track towards the east and southeast.[67] Throughout the early part of the storm's development, a strong band of convection persisted north of the centre of circulation. Following a decrease in wind shear, the FMS upgraded 04F to a tropical depression on January 15 as it began to organize.[68] Further intensification occurred as additional convection wrapped around the storm's centre on January 16, prompting the FMS to upgrade the system to a Category 1 tropical cyclone, giving the storm the name Tino.[69][70] The next day, the storm passed near Vanua Levu and strengthened further into a Category 2 cyclone as an emerged;[71][72] Category 3 intensity was reached later that day with 10-minute sustained winds estimated at 120 km/h (75 mph).[73] However, Tino soon began to entrain dry air, resulting in a gradual decay of its convection and subsequent weakening on January 18 as the center tracked across Ha'apai.[74][75] Interaction with a baroclinic zone the next day signaled the onset of extratropical transition;[76] Tino fully completed this processes later on January 19.[77]

Warnings for heavy rain were issued for all of the Solomon Islands and four Vanuatuan provinces by their respective National Meteorological and Hydrological Services.[78] Similarly, a Heavy Rain Alert was issued by the FMS on January 14 for western parts of Fiji.[79] A Tropical Cyclone Warning was subsequently issued for Rotuma on January 15, and a Tropical Cyclone Alert for the rest of the Fijian islands.[80] Fijians were advised by the Water Authority of Fiji to boil and store drinking water in anticipation of the approaching tropical cyclone.[81] Cruises in the area began to be cancelled on January 14.[82] Evacuation centres were opened on January 16 in Fiji's Northern Division, as well as the division's Emergency Operations Centre.[83][84] Villagers in the Udu Point region of Vanua Levu were urged to move inland due to rough forecast seas.[85] The Labasa campus of the Fiji National University closed on January 17.[86]

As Tino passed close to Vanua Levu, the second cyclone to pass near the nation within three weeks following Sarai, Fijian government officials called for urgent action on the 'climate crisis' in the South Pacific region.[87] Additionally, a father and daughter were left missing after being swept away from floodwaters due to heavy rainfall generated by the system in Eastern Fiji.[88]

Tropical Disturbance 05F

Tropical disturbance (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
   
DurationJanuary 24 – January 26
Peak intensity65 km/h (40 mph) (1-min) 1003 hPa (mbar)

During January 24, the FMS reported that Tropical Disturbance 05F had developed about 75 km (45 mi) to the northwest of Pago-Pago in American Samoa.[89][90] At this time, the disturbance was poorly organised with atmospheric convection located to the north of its low-level circulation center.[89] During that day, the disturbance moved south-eastwards within an environment favourable for further development, with low vertical windshear, warm sea surface temperatures, while its outflow was enhanced by strong westerlies.[89][91] As a result, atmospheric convection started to wrap into the system's consolidating low-level circulation center, which prompted the JTWC to issue a tropical cyclone formation alert on the disturbance.[91] During the next day, the JTWC initiated advisories on the disturbance and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 12P, as the system peaked with 1-minute sustained windspeeds of 65 km/h (40 mph).[92][93] The system subsequently moved south-eastwards into an area of moderate vertical wind shear, while atmospheric convection became sheared and located to the northeast of the disturbance's exposed low-level circulation centre.[94][95] As a result, the FMS issued their final warning on the disturbance, as it was expected to move further south into an area of high vertical wind shear.[94] During January 26, the JTWC subsequently issued their final warning on the system after it had dissipated.[96]

Severe Tropical Cyclone Uesi

Category 3 severe tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
   
DurationFebruary 5 – February 13 (Exited basin)
Peak intensity130 km/h (80 mph) (10-min) 975 hPa (mbar)

During February 5, the FMS reported that Tropical Disturbance 06F had developed, about 775 km (480 mi) to the northwest of Port Villa in Vanuatu.[97] At this time the system was poorly organised with deep atmospheric convection displaced to the northeast of the system's weak and ill-defined low level circulation center.[97][98] The disturbance was also located to the north of a subtropical ridge of high pressure, within a favourable environment for further development, with a low to moderate amount of vertical wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures of 29–30 °C (84–86 °F).[97][98] A tropical cyclone formation alert was subsequently issued by the JTWC early on February 8, as convection improved near the centre of the storm; at the time, 06F was centered 653 km (406 mi) northwest of Port Vila, Vanuatu.[99] Routine advisories were initiated by the FMS the same day while 06F drifted towards the south-southwest. Convection continued to evolve at the disturbance's centre into organised banding.[100] During February 9, the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical storm, designating it Tropical Cyclone 15P.[101] Later that day, the FMS named the storm Uesi, and upgraded it to a category 2 tropical cyclone.[102]

Based on significant improvements to the storm's structure, the JTWC determined Uesi was undergoing rapid intensification.[103] Associated showers and thunderstorms continued to coalesce within favourable atmospheric and oceanic conditions.[104] However, the presence of dry air slowed Uesi's intensification.[105] Uesi strengthened further into a Category 3 tropical cyclone at 18:00 UTC that day but continued to be affected by the entrainment of dry air.[106][107] The cyclone developed a ragged eye 19 km (12 mi) early on February 11.[108] Guided southward by the nearby influence of a subtropical ridge to its east, Uesi moved southward, passing west of New Caledonia.[109] An increase in vertical wind shear from the northwest on February 12 caused the convective structure of the cyclone to weaken, resulting in the low-level circulation centre becoming exposed from the central dense overcast.[110][111] After passing near to New Caledonia on February 11, Uesi adopted a steady south-southwestwards track towards the Australian cyclone region. At 12:00 UTC on February 12, the FMS passed primary responsibility for Uesi over to the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's (BOM) warning centre in Brisbane,[112] who indicated that the system had weakened to a high-end Category 2 tropical cyclone.[113] The extratropical remnants of Uesi reentered the South Pacific basin on a southeasterly heading towards South Island on February 15.[114]

Vanuatu and the French territory of New Caledonia were threatened by Uesi along its southward trek through the South Pacific basin. Warnings were issued by the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department for Uesi, noting the possibility of stream and coastal flooding.[115] Météo France (MFR) issued thunderstorm and rain warnings for four municipalities in New Caledonia on February 9,[116] and later raised warnings to an orange alert for six the following day.[117] Ferry and bus services in several New Caledonian communes were suspended.[118][119] Flights serviced by Air Calédonie were also delayed.[120] The first accommodation centers in the French territory were opened on February 10.[121] One person was injured while securing their roof in preparation for the storm.[122] Uesi passed between 100–150 km (62–93 mi) west of Belep, New Caledonia, on February 11, bringing heavy rains and strong winds. MFR stations recorded up to 300 mm (12 in) of rainfall in Poum over a 48-hour period;[123] this was roughly equal to two months of average rainfall.[124] Flooding from Uesi's rainfall blocked travel between Poum and Koumac,[125] as well as other bridges throughout the territory.[126] Several routes to Dumbéa were blocked by floodwaters.[126] Gusts of up to 120 km/h (75 mph) impacted New Caledonia's central mountain range.[127] Power outages afflicted at least 3,900 households serviced by EEC and Enercal and over 5,000 overall.[128][122] At least 565 homes lost power in Hienghène and Ponérihouen.[126] All warnings for New Caledonia were lifted by the morning of February 12.[128] Rough surf generated by Uesi forced the closure of beaches in Gold Coast, Queensland beginning that day.[129] The large extratropical stage of Uesi produced 6–8 m (20–26 ft) waves off the northwestern shores of South Island.[130]

Tropical Disturbance 07F

Tropical disturbance (Australian scale)
   
DurationFebruary 14 – February 21
Peak intensityWinds not specified 998 hPa (mbar)

During February 14, the FMS reported that Tropical Disturbance 07F had developed, about 490 km (305 mi) to the northeast of Funafuti in Tuvalu.[131] The disturbance developed within a broad trough formed by a complex interaction between an amplified South Pacific convergence zone, a monsoon trough and a westerly wind burst in the region.[132][133] Despite lacking a clear wind circulation within a chaotic environment—the JTWC initially considered the disturbance to be a hybrid system rather than a tropical cyclone—the region's warm sea surface temperatures and low wind shear were supportive of further organisation.[134] However, development was slow and convection remained displaced from the center of circulation three days later.[135] After an extended period of slow movement,[131][135] 07F accelerated south of Samoa on February 19.[136] Over the following days, the system tracked towards the east-southeast with little development. 07F turned towards the southwest by February 20, where strong wind shear began to degrade the convective structure of the system. The FMS issued the final advisory on the system on February 21 while it was passing to the south of Niue.[137]

The U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency sent seven representatives to American Samoa in advance of the disturbance.[138] Before 07F's arrival, a moisture-laden convergence zone had already been affecting Samoa with heavy rainfall and high winds.[139] Warnings from the Samoa Meteorology Service for rain, wind, and flooding were in effect for Savai'i and Upolu,[140] resulting in cancellations of ferry services.[141] While the threat of both 07F and nearby 08F lessened on February 18, warnings remained posted due to the persistence of the active convergence zone.[142] The Ministry of Education Sports and Culture closed schools between February 18–19 in response to the inclement conditions.[143] Roads in three villages in Apia were flooded by rains associated with 07F.[144] Power outages affected Tutuila in American Samoa, where airports closed as the storm passed. Further southeast, in the Cook Islands, a civil defense emergency was declared. All schools were closed in Rarotonga. Large waves along the island's coast forced the closure of the seawall road.[145]

Tropical Disturbance 08F

Tropical disturbance (Australian scale)
Subtropical storm (SSHWS)
   
DurationFebruary 16 – February 18
Peak intensity65 km/h (40 mph) (1-min) 994 hPa (mbar)

On February 17, the FMS noted the formation of Tropical Disturbance 08F between American Samoa and Niue. The system was poorly organised, with a high wind shear environment displacing convection to the northeast of the low-level center of circulation as the disturbance moved southeast to east-southeast.[146][147] The JTWC considered the disheveled cyclone as subtropical in nature,[148] remaining in an environment hostile to increased organisation.[149] By February 18, the JTWC declared the disturbance to have dissipated.[150] Later that day, the center of 08F continued past the 25th parallel south, leading the FMS to issue their final tropical disturbance summary on the highly sheared system.[151]

Tropical Cyclone Vicky

Category 1 tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
   
DurationFebruary 19 – February 21
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min) 990 hPa (mbar)

The FMS analysed the formation of Tropical Disturbance 09F on February 19 near Wallis and Futuna,[152] positioned within an area of low wind shear and divergent flow aloft.[153] The east-southeastward-moving storm was upgraded to a tropical depression the next day, prompting routine advisories from the FMS. Developing rainbands quickly organised atop the newly formed and compact low-level circulation center.[154][155] 09F tracked near Samoa on February 20 with maximum sustained winds of 55 km/h (35 mph),[156] with the center later passing just south of Tutuila in American Samoa.[157][158] Continuing to track towards the east-southeast, the depression strengthened into a Category 1 tropical cyclone later that day, receiving the name Vicky.[159] Though the cyclone's rainbands expanded further, the storm's convection remained disorganised.[160] Despite warm ocean waters and a conducive environment aloft for outflow, strong wind shear led to a deterioration of Vicky's shower activity.[161] On February 21, the FMS issued their final advisory on Vicky once it transitioned into an ex-tropical system.[162]

Flights to Pago Pago were cancelled indefinitely by Samoa Airways, with delays impacting Faleolo International Airport.[163] Non-essential government employees in American Samoa were released from work on February 20 as Vicky passed to the south,[164] suspending United States Postal Service and United States Department of Veterans Affairs operations.[165] Vicky produced damaging winds and heavy rain in the Samoan islands as an intensifying system.[166] Brief power outages affected parts of Samoa early on February 21.[167] The combination of Vicky and two other tropical disturbances resulted in a peak rainfall of 203.2 mm (8.00 in) in Le'auva'a between February 17–20.[168] A 120 km/h (75 mph) gust was measured in Pago Pago International Airport in American Samoa and sustained winds of 85 km/h (50 mph) were observed in Tutuila.[157][164] One buoy off Aunu'u measured 3.7–4.3 m (12–14 ft) seas due to Vicky.[157]

Tropical Cyclone Wasi

Category 2 tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
   
DurationFebruary 21 – February 23
Peak intensity110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min) 975 hPa (mbar)

During February 21, the FMS reported that Tropical Disturbance 10F had developed, about 145 km (90 mi) to the north of Mata Utu on the island of Wallis.[137] The disturbance was located within an area of low vertical windshear while atmospheric convection persisted over and had started to wrap into the systems low-level circulation centre.[137] 10F was upgraded to a tropical depression 12 hours after its initial designation.[169] Continuing to organise throughout the day,[170] the system was upgraded to Tropical Cyclone Wasi by February 22 while centred west of Samoa.[171] A transient eye-like feature emerged on satellite imagery early on February 22, suggesting a cyclone stronger than its organisation suggested.[172] While the cyclone was initially highly compact and within favourable conditions,[173] interaction with the nearby insular landmasses suppressed Wasi's convection.[174] Continued interaction ultimately caused Wasi to weaken and become increasingly disorganised after passing south of Samoa.[175][176] Accelerating towards the south-southeast, convective activity associated with Wasi became limited to the cyclone's eastern half,[177][178] eventually exposing the low-level centre of circulation on February 23.[179] This circulation quickly slackened during the day.[180]

The Samoa Meteorology Division issued a Category 1 Tropical Cyclone Warning for Samoa on 22 February,[181] prompting the activation of the country's National Emergency Operations Centre.[182] Heavy rain and flood warnings were also in effect for Samoa.[183] Wasi was the second tropical cyclone to affect the Samoan islands in two days.[184] Downpours from Wasi spread over the islands of Upolu and Savai'i.[185] Two rivers in Savai'i flooded their banks and inundated adjacent roads. River and small stream flooding was also documented in Upolu.[186][187] In American Samoa, 50 mm (2 in) of rain fell over a 12-hour span.[188] Gusts to 69 km/h (43 mph) were reported at Pago Pago International Airport,[189] which had suspended operations during Wasi's passage.[190] Two homes were destroyed and six sustained major damage from the combined effects of Cyclones Wasi and Cyclone Vicky in American Samoa, which had struck the territory in the same week. Minor damage was inflicted to another 58 homes.[191] A gale warning was issued by the FMS for Niue that was later cancelled upon Wasi's dissipation.[192]

Tropical Cyclone Gretel

Category 2 tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
   
DurationMarch 14 (Entered basin) – March 16
Peak intensity100 km/h (65 mph) (10-min) 980 hPa (mbar)

During March 15, Tropical Cyclone Gretel moved into the basin from the Australian region, about 620 km (385 mi) to the northwest of Nouméa in New Caledonia. [193] Gretel continued to organise upon its entrance into the basin, exhibiting well-developed rainbands within a low-shear environment.[194][195] Forced southeast by a nearby subtropical ridge,[196] The storm passed 150 km (93 mi) south of New Caledonia on March 15.[197] During this time, an eye-feature was noted by the JTWC on microwave-wavelength satellite imagery.[198] The FMS upgraded Gretel to a Category 2 cyclone at 12:00 UTC that day.[199] However, the storm's convective activity soon began to diminish as dry air began to permeate the low-level circulation center.[200][201] The addition of strong vertical wind shear caused Gretel's remaining showers and thunderstorms to dislocate from the central vortex.[202] Gretel quickly developed frontal features on March 16—a sign of extratropical transition.[203]

Level 1 cyclone alerts were issued for New Caledonia's North and South provinces on March 15 and were lifted by the following morning.[204][205] Shelters were opened throughout the territory in anticipation of Gretel's passage.[206] Air Calédonie cancelled some of its March 15–16 flights;[204] some Aircalin were also cancelled or rescheduled.[207] All Raï bus routes were cancelled for March 15.[208] Several ports were closed and the Ouaième–Hienghène ferry was suspended.[204] Classes at the University of New Caledonia on March 16–17 were closed at their Nouméa and Koné campuses;[209] the Collège de Païamboué also closed its classes.[210] Power outages affected the greater Nouméa area on New Caledonia, particularly in Le Mont-Dore and Savannah sur Mer.[211] Across three municipalities, 791 homes were without power by the evening of March 15,[212] and ultimately at least 6,931 electricity customers lost power during Gretel's passage.[197] Some roads were blocked by downed trees. Gretel's effects disrupted some municipal elections, flooding a polling station and preventing voter travel in some municipalities;[211] voter turnout was diminished relative to the previous elections in 2014.[213] Northern parts of New Caledonia received 50–80 mm (2.0–3.1 in) of rain over a six-hour period,[214] and 100–150 mm (3.9–5.9 in) of rain overall was recorded on the northern and southern extents of Grande Terre.[215] Floods overtook a bridge between Pouébo and Ouégoa.[204] Rough seas grounded a barge in Nouville.[216] The Australian territory of Norfolk Island recorded maximum 10-minute sustained winds of 57 km/h (35 mph) and a maximum gust to 83 km/h (52 mph) on March 16.[citation needed]

Severe Tropical Cyclone Harold

Category 5 severe tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 5 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
   
DurationApril 2 (Entered basin) – April 10
Peak intensity230 km/h (145 mph) (10-min) 920 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Cyclone Harold

During April 3, Tropical Cyclone Harold moved into the basin from the Australian region, as a Category 1 tropical cyclone on the Australian scale.[217][218] Atmospheric conditions were supportive of further intensification within the South Pacific as the storm tracked towards the southeast.[219][220] On April 3, Harold began to quickly gain in organisation and intensity, developing tightly wound rainbands and a pinhole eye.[221][222] Harold rapidly intensified into a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone by April 4;[223][224] Category 4 intensity was reached by 12:00 UTC that day, with Harold exhibiting maximum ten-minute sustained winds of 165 km/h (105 mph).[225] The JTWC assessed Harold three hours later as having one-minute sustained winds of 215 km/h (130 mph), equivalent to a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale.[226] Concurrently, an extension of an area of high pressure to Harold's east caused the storm's track to slow and curve increasingly southward.[223] Afterwards, the storm recurved eastwards and accelerated before turning east-southeastwards. On the next day, the storm intensified into a Category 5 Severe Tropical Cyclone, the highest rating on the Australian scale. Later that day, at 1:00 P.M. local time, the storm made landfall on Espiritu Santo. At landfall, the storm had 10-minute winds of 215 km/h (130 mph).[227] Intensification continued and by 12:00 UTC, it reached peak intensity as a Category 5-equivalent cyclone on the Saffir-Simpson scale, with 10-minute winds of 230 km/h (145 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 920 mbar (27.17 inHg). It maintained the intensity for only 6 hours before weakening back to a Category 4-equivalent cyclone. The storm began an Eyewall replacement cycle. And thus, both warning centers downgraded the system. After the cyclone was completed, a new eye formed. Thus, the FMS upgraded Harold to a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone for the second time.[228] Later that day, it reached Category 4 status on the SSHWS yet again. On April 8, the storm passed just south of Fiji and passed over Kadavu Island.[229] The system finally began to weaken as it accelerated towards Tonga. Later that day, the storm passed just 100 mi (165 km) south of Tongatapu, the main island of Tonga, as a Category 3-equivalent cyclone.[230] On the next day, the storm began an extratropical transition while it moved into MetService's area of responsibility.[citation needed] The JTWC subsequently issued its final advisory on Harold, as it was expected to gain frontal characteristics and complete its extratropical transition within 12 hours.[231] MetService subsequently declared Harold to be an extratropical cyclone during April 10, before the system was last noted during the following day around 1,500 km (930 mi) to the southwest of Adamstown in the Pitcairn Islands.[232][233] Cyclone warnings were issued for the entirety of the Solomon Islands as Harold approached on April 3.[234] Strong winds blew down trees in Honiara, causing power outages and blocking roads.[235][236][237] Rainfall associated with the passing storm also caused flooding, forcing dozens of families out of their homes.[238][236] A ferry repatriating 738 people from Honiara to Malaita Province amid the COVID-19 pandemic encountered the storm in the Ironbottom Sound; 28 people were washed overboard by the waves.[239] All but one of the people are presumed dead.

On April 3, the Vanuatu National Disaster Management Office (VNDMO) issued a Yellow Alert for Torba and Sanma provinces in Vanuatu. The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geo-Hazards Department also issued a tropical cyclone warning for these areas. The yellow alert was upgraded to a red alert on April 4, while yellow alerts were also issued for Malampa and Penama provinces. Red alerts eventually encompassed Malampa, Penama, Sanma, and Torba provinces, with a yellow alert for Shefa Province. The VNDMO advised for all residents under the red alert to remain indoors. All COVID-19 preparedness activities were suspended to facilitate preparations and evacuations for Harold. Harold was the first severe tropical cyclone to strike Vanuatu since Cyclone Pam in 2015, bringing gusts above 275 km/h (170 mph), 250–450 mm (10–18 in) of rain, and a storm surge of 0.8 m (2.6 ft) causing catastrophic damage, torrential flooding and communication disruptions and plunging Vanuatu into a blackout.

In Fiji, heavy rain alerts were issued for the western half of Viti Levu, Kadavu, and the Mamanuca and Yasawa islands on April 6. Storm warnings were later put in effect for the areas under a heavy rain alert, in addition to the Lomaiviti Islands. The highest warning, a hurricane warning, was issued for Kadavu and Ono-i-Lau on April 7. The Fiji National Disaster Management Office (FDNMO) activated their Emergency Operations Centre to streamline preparations and evacuations. A total of eighty-five shelters were opened, with at least two in each of Fiji's four districts. All village headmen and community leaders were directed to. All COVID-19-related activities were also cancelled in order to prepare for the impact of Harold. Early on April 7, the storm began affecting the nation with gusty winds, moderate coastal flooding, and storm surge. These conditioners worsened as the storm approached. In contrast to the forecasts, the passed only to the south of Fiji and thus, the northern islands received little damage. Kadavu Island was hit the worst as the storm's center passed over the island. Many infrastructures were damaged or destroyed due to the strong wind and storm surge.

Storm names

See also: Tropical cyclone naming

Within the Southern Pacific a tropical depression is judged to have reached tropical cyclone intensity should it reach winds of 65 km/h, (40 mph) and it is evident that gales are occurring at least halfway around the center. Tropical depressions that intensify into a tropical cyclone between the Equator and 25°S and between 160°E and 120°W are named by the FMS. However, should a tropical depression intensify to the south of 25°S between 160°E and 120°W it will be named by MetService in conjunction with the FMS. If a tropical cyclone moves out of the basin and into the Australian region, it will retain its original name. The names that was used for 2019–20 season is listed below:[240]

  • Rita
  • Sarai
  • Tino
  • Uesi
  • Vicky
  • Wasi

Others

If a tropical cyclone enters the South Pacific basin from the Australian region basin (west of 160°E), it will retain the name assigned to it by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. The following storms were named in this manner:

  • Gretel (named by BOM)
  • Harold (named by BOM)

Season effects

This table lists all the storms that developed in the South Pacific to the east of longitude 160°E during the 2019–20 season. It includes their intensity on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale, duration, name, landfalls, deaths, and damages.

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Category Wind speed Pressure
Rita November 22 – 26 Category 2 tropical cyclone 110 km/h (70 mph) 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) Solomon Islands, Vanuatu None None
02F December 19 – 23 Tropical disturbance Not specified 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) Samoan Islands None None
Sarai December 23 – January 2 Category 2 tropical cyclone 110 km/h (70 mph) 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) Fiji, Tonga, Niue, southern Cook Islands $2.3 million 2
Tino January 11 – 20 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 120 km/h (75 mph) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) Fiji, Niue, Solomon Islands
Samoan Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu		 $5.83 million 2 (missing)
05F January 24 – 25 Tropical disturbance Not specified 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) Samoan Islands None None
Uesi February 4 – 13 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 130 km/h (80 mph) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, New Zealand Minor None
07F February 14 – 21 Tropical disturbance Not specified 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) Tuvalu, Samoan Islands, Tokelau, Niue None None
08F February 17 – 18 Tropical disturbance Not specified 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) Samoan Islands, Niue, Cook Islands None None
Vicky February 19 – 21 Category 1 tropical cyclone 75 km/h (45 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) Samoan Islands, Niue Minor None
Wasi February 21 – 23 Category 2 tropical cyclone 110 km/h (70 mph) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) Wallis and Futuna, Samoan Islands Minor None
Gretel March 14 – 16 Category 2 tropical cyclone 100 km/h (65 mph) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, New Zealand None None
Harold April 2 – 10 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone 230 km/h (145 mph) 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga >$123.5 million 3
Season aggregates
12 systems November 22 –
April 10		 230 km/h (145 mph) 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) $131.63 million 5

See also

Footnotes

References

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External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2019-20 South Pacific cyclone season.
  • World Meteorological Organization
  • Australian Bureau of Meteorology
  • Fiji Meteorological Service
  • New Zealand MetService
  • Joint Typhoon Warning Center

January 30, 2023
2019, south, pacific, cyclone, season, slightly, above, average, season, which, tropical, cyclones, formed, within, south, pacific, ocean, east, season, officially, from, november, 2019, april, 2020, however, tropical, cyclone, could, form, time, between, july. The 2019 20 South Pacific cyclone season was a slightly above average season in which tropical cyclones formed within the South Pacific Ocean to the east of 160 E The season officially ran from November 1 2019 to April 30 2020 however a tropical cyclone could form at any time between July 1 2019 and June 30 2020 and would count towards the season total The season began on November 22 with the formation of Tropical Cyclone Rita which would later become a severe tropical cyclone The season has been near average in terms of activity with 8 tropical cyclones and 4 severe tropical cyclones forming during the season The season featured Cyclone Harold the first Category 5 severe tropical cyclone in the basin since Cyclone Gita and one of the strongest since Cyclone Winston During the season tropical cyclones are officially monitored by the Fiji Meteorological Service FMS Australian Bureau of Meteorology BOM and New Zealand s MetService The United States Armed Forces through the Joint Typhoon Warning Center JTWC also monitors the basin and issue unofficial warnings for American interests The FMS attaches a number and an F suffix to tropical disturbances that form in or move into the basin while the JTWC designates significant tropical cyclones with a number and a P suffix The FMS BoM and MetService all use the Australian Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale and estimate wind speeds over a period of ten minutes while the JTWC estimated sustained winds over a 1 minute period which are subsequently compared to the Saffir Simpson hurricane wind scale SSHWS 2019 20 South Pacific cyclone seasonSeason summary mapSeasonal boundariesFirst system formedNovember 22 2019 2019 11 22 Last system dissipatedApril 10 2020 2020 04 10 Strongest stormNameHarold Maximum winds230 km h 145 mph 10 minute sustained Lowest pressure920 hPa mbar Seasonal statisticsTotal disturbances12Total depressions8Tropical cyclones8Severe tropical cyclones3Total fatalities5 total Total damage gt 131 63 million 2019 USD Related articles2019 20 Australian region cyclone season 2019 20 South West Indian Ocean cyclone seasonSouth Pacific tropical cyclone seasons2017 18 2018 19 2019 20 2020 21 2021 22 Contents 1 Seasonal forecasts 2 Seasonal summary 3 Systems 3 1 Tropical Cyclone Rita 3 2 Tropical Disturbance 02F 3 3 Tropical Cyclone Sarai 3 4 Severe Tropical Cyclone Tino 3 5 Tropical Disturbance 05F 3 6 Severe Tropical Cyclone Uesi 3 7 Tropical Disturbance 07F 3 8 Tropical Disturbance 08F 3 9 Tropical Cyclone Vicky 3 10 Tropical Cyclone Wasi 3 11 Tropical Cyclone Gretel 3 12 Severe Tropical Cyclone Harold 4 Storm names 4 1 Others 5 Season effects 6 See also 7 Footnotes 8 References 9 External linksSeasonal forecasts EditSource Record TropicalCyclone SevereTropical Cyclone RefRecord high 1997 98 16 1982 83 10 1 Record low 1990 91 2 2008 09 0 1 Average 1969 70 2018 19 7 1 2 NIWA October 9 12 4 3 Fiji Meteorological Service 5 8 2 4 2 Region Chance ofabove average Averagenumber ActualactivityWestern South Pacific 142 5 E 165 E includes Australian basin 54 4 3Eastern South Pacific 165 E 120 W 41 7 2Source BOM s South Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season Outlook 4 Ahead of the cyclone season formally starting the Fiji Meteorological Service FMS Australian Bureau of Meteorology BoM New Zealand s MetService and National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research NIWA and various other Pacific Meteorological services all contributed towards the Island Climate Update tropical cyclone outlook that was released during October 2019 3 The outlook took into account the ENSO neutral conditions that had been observed across the Pacific and analog seasons that had ENSO neutral and El Nino conditions occurring during the season 3 The outlook called for a near average number of tropical cyclones for the 2019 20 season with nine to twelve named tropical cyclones predicted to occur between 135 E and 120 W compared to an average of just over 10 3 At least four of the tropical cyclones were expected to intensify further and become severe tropical cyclones while it was noted that a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone could occur during the season 3 In addition to contributing towards the Island Climate Update outlook the FMS and the BoM issued their own seasonal forecasts for the South Pacific region 2 4 The BoM issued two seasonal forecasts for the Southern Pacific Ocean for their self defined eastern and western regions of the South Pacific Ocean 4 They predicted that the Western region between 142 5 E and 165 E had a 54 chance of seeing activity above its average of 4 tropical cyclones The BoM also predicted that the Eastern Region between 165 E and 120 W had a 41 chance of seeing activity above its average of 7 tropical cyclones 4 Within their outlook the FMS predicted that between five and eight tropical cyclones would occur within the basin compared to an average of around 7 1 cyclones 2 At least two of the tropical cyclones were expected to intensify further and become Category 3 or higher severe tropical cyclones 2 Both the Island Climate Update and the FMS tropical cyclone outlooks assessed the risk of a tropical cyclone affecting a certain island or territory 2 3 The Island Climate Update Outlook predicted that American Samoa French Polynesia s Austral Islands Niue Samoa Tonga Tuvalu as well as the Solomon Islands and Southern Cook Islands had an elevated chance while the Wallis and Futuna had a normal to elevated chance of being impacted by a tropical cyclone 3 They also predicted that Fiji New Caledonia New Zealand Northern Cook Islands Papua New Guinea and Tokelau all had a near normal risk of being impacted 3 The outlook noted that Vanuatu and New Caledonia had a normal to reduced risk of being impacted by multiple tropical cyclones while French Polynesia s Austral Islands had a normal to reduced chance of being impacted NIWA and partners also considered it unlikely that Pitcairn Islands Kiribati and French Polynesia s Marquesas Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago would be impacted by a tropical cyclone 3 The FMS s outlook predicted that the Samoan Islands Tokelau and Tuvalu had an increased chance of being impacted by a tropical cyclone while Fiji the Solomon Islands Wallis amp Futuna New Caledonia Tonga Niue the southern Cook Islands and French Polynesia s Austral Islands all had a normal chance of being impacted by a tropical cyclone 2 Their outlook also predicted that Vanuatu the Northern Cook Islands French Polynesia s Society Islands had a reduced chance of being affected by a tropical cyclone while tropical cyclone activity near Kiribati and the Marquesas Islands was considered unlikely 2 It was thought by the FMS that there was an increased risk of the Solomon Islands Tuvalu Wallis amp Futuna Tokelau the Samoan Islands Tonga and Niue being impacted by at least one severe tropical cyclone while other areas such as the Cook Islands and parts of French Polynesia had a normal to reduced chance of being impacted by a severe tropical cyclone 2 Seasonal summary EditThe season began with the arrival of Tropical Depression 01F on November 22 near the Solomon Islands which would later become Tropical Cyclone Rita Rita would then peak as a Category 3 on the Australian scale Tropical Disturbance 02F was designated sometime later but didn t last long after that Sarai formed on December 23 lasting into the new year before finally ceasing to exist on January 2 Not too long after that Tino formed and affected eastern Fiji and the surrounding area before dissipating On January 24 a depression formed and dissipated the next day without been named In early February another low originally in the Australian region crossed the 160th meridian east and emerged in the South Pacific It strengthened into severe tropical cyclone Uesi and affected New Caledonia and New Zealand In mid February four disturbances formed 07F 08F 09F and 10F 07F amp 08F dissipated before becoming tropical depressions but the other 2 strengthened into tropical cyclones Vicky and Wasi In mid March Gretel entered the basin It dissipated shortly afterwards In early April Harold also entered the basin from the Australian region It rapidly intensified into a Category 5 Severe tropical cyclone as it impacted Vanuatu Systems EditTropical Cyclone Rita Edit Category 2 tropical cyclone Australian scale Category 1 tropical cyclone SSHWS DurationNovember 22 November 26Peak intensity110 km h 70 mph 10 min 977 hPa mbar Beginning November 21 the Fiji Meteorological Service FMS began highlighting the likelihood of a tropical cyclone forming between Vanuatu and Fiji 5 Showers and thunderstorms began to aggregate in the region atop sea surface temperatures above 29 C 84 F in low wind shear conditions 6 Imagery from microwave satellite data showed emergent rainbands wrapping towards an organising center of low pressure 7 Late on November 22 the FMS designated the system now east of the Solomon Islands as Tropical Disturbance 01F 8 The slow moving disturbance tracked towards the south and southeast 9 steered by a broad area of high pressure On November 23 01F attained tropical depression status 10 Supported by the stout outflow of air at the upper levels of the troposphere shower activity became more concentrated around the center of circulation The depression reached tropical cyclone intensity by 06 00 UTC on November 24 near the Santa Cruz Islands earning the name Rita 11 12 13 A well defined and formative eye soon developed beneath the central cloud cover 14 Continuing to intensify in favorable atmospheric conditions Rita reached Category 2 cyclone strength by November 25 and later will peak with 70 mph per FMS 15 16 17 The developing eye briefly emerged on infrared and visible satellite imagery as a ragged feature at the cyclone s center surrounded by well defined rainbands 15 18 Over the course of November 25 convective activity and organization slightly diminished due to an increase in wind shear 19 and Rita ultimately peaked as a Category 3 tropical cyclone with 10 minute maximum sustained winds of 120 km h 75 mph as well as 1 minute sustained winds up to the same intensity Additionally Rita reached a minimum barometric pressure of 977 mbar hPa 28 85 inHg 20 21 This made Rita one of the strongest first storms to form in the South Pacific since the formation of Mick in 2009 as many others were merely depressions or disturbances It then began to track into an area unfavorable for intensification due to the presence of wind shear and cool dry air 22 resulting in a rapid decay of the storm s convection and a decrease of the storm s maximum winds 23 24 The FMS issued their last advisory on Rita on November 26 after the storm was downgraded to a remnant area of low pressure at the time these remnants were slowly moving west southwest towards northern Vanuatu 25 In anticipation of heavy rainfall and strong winds from Rita the National Disaster Management Office in Port Vila Vanuatu issued a Red Alert for Torba Province and a Yellow Alert for Penama Province and Sanma Province 26 27 Warnings for strong winds were also issued for Shefa and Tafea provinces 28 Tropical Disturbance 02F Edit Tropical disturbance Australian scale DurationDecember 19 December 23Peak intensityWinds not specified 999 hPa mbar During December 19 the FMS reported that Tropical Disturbance 02F had developed about 55 km 35 mi to the northeast of Tau in American Samoa s Manu a Group 29 At this time the system was poorly organised with atmospheric convection located to the east of the storms low level circulation center 29 30 Over the next few days the system moved south westwards within an area that was marginally favourable for further development with good poleward outflow and warm sea surface temperatures offset by low to moderate vertical wind shear 30 31 However it failed to develop any further and was last noted by the FMS during December 23 after it had lost its tropical characteristics and became extratropical 32 33 Tropical Cyclone Sarai Edit Category 2 tropical cyclone Australian scale Category 1 tropical cyclone SSHWS DurationDecember 23 January 2Peak intensity110 km h 70 mph 10 min 972 hPa mbar Main article Cyclone Sarai During December 23 the FMS reported that Tropical Disturbance 03F had developed about 630 km 390 mi to the west of Tuvalu 32 At this time the system was poorly organised with deep atmospheric convection displaced to the north and east of its broad and elongated low level circulation 32 34 The disturbance was also located underneath an upper ridge of high pressure within a favourable environment for further development with low to moderate vertical windshear and warm sea surface temperatures of 29 30 C 84 86 F 32 34 Over the next couple of days the system moved southwards and gradually developed further with its overall organisation improving before it was classified as a tropical depression by the FMS during December 25 35 36 After being classified as a tropical depression the system continued to develop with its outflow improving and deep convection wrapping on to the systems low level circulation center 37 During December 26 the JTWC initiated advisories on the depression and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 04P before the FMS reported that the system had become a Category 1 tropical cyclone and named it Sarai 38 39 40 At this time Sarai was being steered southwards to the west of Fiji along the edge of a near equatorial ridge of high pressure and the jetstream 38 40 Over the next couple of days the system gradually intensified further and was classified as a Category 2 tropical cyclone during December 27 while it was located around 220 km 135 mi to the west of Nadi Fiji 41 42 During December 28 as Sarai passed about 100 km 60 mi to the south of Fiji s Kadavu Island the FMS estimated that the system had peaked as a Category 2 tropical cyclone with 10 minute sustained winds of 110 km h 70 mph 42 43 Due to an area of high pressure to its east Sarai took a southerly course during its early stages as a named system 44 The high pressure region would later shift its orientation causing Sarai to gradually curve towards the east 45 On December 27 the cyclone s winds increased further past Category 2 cyclone thresholds with one minute sustained winds to hurricane force 46 The following day the FMS assessed a peak intensity with ten minute sustained winds of 110 km h 70 mph 47 At the time a large eye was evident on microwave satellite data while the storm tracked towards the southeast along the periphery of the jet stream and remained present throughout the day 48 49 50 Sarai reached its lowest barometric pressure on December 29 before weakening due to increasing wind shear of 55 65 km h 34 40 mph resulting in a loss of organisation 51 52 53 Sarai s center of circulation became displaced from the storm s convection on December 30 and the storm weakened to Category 1 strength 54 Its center tracked near Nukuʻalofa on December 31 while the storm s structure rapidly deteriorated with the JTWC issuing their final advisory that day 55 The FMS continued monitoring the system as an ex cyclone as the storm accelerated eastward highlighting a low possibility for regeneration 56 the agency ultimately issued their final bulletin on the system on January 2 57 As the cyclone passed very close to the main Fijian island of Viti Levu on December 27 and brought very heavy rainfall the FMS warned of the probability of damaging gale force and storm force winds and very heavy rainfall at times with over 2 000 people being evacuated to higher grounds in case of flooding while commercial flights and cruises in and out of the country were delayed or cancelled as a result of these conditions Additionally as of December 29 2019 2 deaths have been confirmed related to the cyclone due to drowning in floodwaters 58 59 Damage to road infrastructure reached FJ 5 million US 2 3 million 60 Severe Tropical Cyclone Tino Edit Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Australian scale Category 2 tropical cyclone SSHWS DurationJanuary 11 January 19Peak intensity120 km h 75 mph 10 min 970 hPa mbar Main article Cyclone Tino On January 10 an area of low pressure formed just east of the Solomon Islands and was forecast by the FMS to track towards the southeast exhibiting some potential to develop further into a tropical cyclone 61 62 The FMS designated the slow moving complex of deep convection as Tropical Disturbance 04F on January 11 at the time the disturbance was located within a moderate wind shear environment near Makira atop 31 C 88 F ocean waters 63 Deep convection continued to accompany the developing wind circulation over the following days as conditions grew more favourable though the wind field remained broad and disorganised 64 65 The FMS began issuing advisories on 04F on January 14 following improvements in the disturbance s organisation 66 A subtropical ridge to the northeast caused 04F to track towards the east and southeast 67 Throughout the early part of the storm s development a strong band of convection persisted north of the centre of circulation Following a decrease in wind shear the FMS upgraded 04F to a tropical depression on January 15 as it began to organize 68 Further intensification occurred as additional convection wrapped around the storm s centre on January 16 prompting the FMS to upgrade the system to a Category 1 tropical cyclone giving the storm the name Tino 69 70 The next day the storm passed near Vanua Levu and strengthened further into a Category 2 cyclone as an emerged 71 72 Category 3 intensity was reached later that day with 10 minute sustained winds estimated at 120 km h 75 mph 73 However Tino soon began to entrain dry air resulting in a gradual decay of its convection and subsequent weakening on January 18 as the center tracked across Ha apai 74 75 Interaction with a baroclinic zone the next day signaled the onset of extratropical transition 76 Tino fully completed this processes later on January 19 77 Warnings for heavy rain were issued for all of the Solomon Islands and four Vanuatuan provinces by their respective National Meteorological and Hydrological Services 78 Similarly a Heavy Rain Alert was issued by the FMS on January 14 for western parts of Fiji 79 A Tropical Cyclone Warning was subsequently issued for Rotuma on January 15 and a Tropical Cyclone Alert for the rest of the Fijian islands 80 Fijians were advised by the Water Authority of Fiji to boil and store drinking water in anticipation of the approaching tropical cyclone 81 Cruises in the area began to be cancelled on January 14 82 Evacuation centres were opened on January 16 in Fiji s Northern Division as well as the division s Emergency Operations Centre 83 84 Villagers in the Udu Point region of Vanua Levu were urged to move inland due to rough forecast seas 85 The Labasa campus of the Fiji National University closed on January 17 86 As Tino passed close to Vanua Levu the second cyclone to pass near the nation within three weeks following Sarai Fijian government officials called for urgent action on the climate crisis in the South Pacific region 87 Additionally a father and daughter were left missing after being swept away from floodwaters due to heavy rainfall generated by the system in Eastern Fiji 88 Tropical Disturbance 05F Edit Tropical disturbance Australian scale Tropical storm SSHWS DurationJanuary 24 January 26Peak intensity65 km h 40 mph 1 min 1003 hPa mbar During January 24 the FMS reported that Tropical Disturbance 05F had developed about 75 km 45 mi to the northwest of Pago Pago in American Samoa 89 90 At this time the disturbance was poorly organised with atmospheric convection located to the north of its low level circulation center 89 During that day the disturbance moved south eastwards within an environment favourable for further development with low vertical windshear warm sea surface temperatures while its outflow was enhanced by strong westerlies 89 91 As a result atmospheric convection started to wrap into the system s consolidating low level circulation center which prompted the JTWC to issue a tropical cyclone formation alert on the disturbance 91 During the next day the JTWC initiated advisories on the disturbance and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 12P as the system peaked with 1 minute sustained windspeeds of 65 km h 40 mph 92 93 The system subsequently moved south eastwards into an area of moderate vertical wind shear while atmospheric convection became sheared and located to the northeast of the disturbance s exposed low level circulation centre 94 95 As a result the FMS issued their final warning on the disturbance as it was expected to move further south into an area of high vertical wind shear 94 During January 26 the JTWC subsequently issued their final warning on the system after it had dissipated 96 Severe Tropical Cyclone Uesi Edit Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Australian scale Category 1 tropical cyclone SSHWS DurationFebruary 5 February 13 Exited basin Peak intensity130 km h 80 mph 10 min 975 hPa mbar During February 5 the FMS reported that Tropical Disturbance 06F had developed about 775 km 480 mi to the northwest of Port Villa in Vanuatu 97 At this time the system was poorly organised with deep atmospheric convection displaced to the northeast of the system s weak and ill defined low level circulation center 97 98 The disturbance was also located to the north of a subtropical ridge of high pressure within a favourable environment for further development with a low to moderate amount of vertical wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures of 29 30 C 84 86 F 97 98 A tropical cyclone formation alert was subsequently issued by the JTWC early on February 8 as convection improved near the centre of the storm at the time 06F was centered 653 km 406 mi northwest of Port Vila Vanuatu 99 Routine advisories were initiated by the FMS the same day while 06F drifted towards the south southwest Convection continued to evolve at the disturbance s centre into organised banding 100 During February 9 the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical storm designating it Tropical Cyclone 15P 101 Later that day the FMS named the storm Uesi and upgraded it to a category 2 tropical cyclone 102 Based on significant improvements to the storm s structure the JTWC determined Uesi was undergoing rapid intensification 103 Associated showers and thunderstorms continued to coalesce within favourable atmospheric and oceanic conditions 104 However the presence of dry air slowed Uesi s intensification 105 Uesi strengthened further into a Category 3 tropical cyclone at 18 00 UTC that day but continued to be affected by the entrainment of dry air 106 107 The cyclone developed a ragged eye 19 km 12 mi early on February 11 108 Guided southward by the nearby influence of a subtropical ridge to its east Uesi moved southward passing west of New Caledonia 109 An increase in vertical wind shear from the northwest on February 12 caused the convective structure of the cyclone to weaken resulting in the low level circulation centre becoming exposed from the central dense overcast 110 111 After passing near to New Caledonia on February 11 Uesi adopted a steady south southwestwards track towards the Australian cyclone region At 12 00 UTC on February 12 the FMS passed primary responsibility for Uesi over to the Australian Bureau of Meteorology s BOM warning centre in Brisbane 112 who indicated that the system had weakened to a high end Category 2 tropical cyclone 113 The extratropical remnants of Uesi reentered the South Pacific basin on a southeasterly heading towards South Island on February 15 114 Vanuatu and the French territory of New Caledonia were threatened by Uesi along its southward trek through the South Pacific basin Warnings were issued by the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department for Uesi noting the possibility of stream and coastal flooding 115 Meteo France MFR issued thunderstorm and rain warnings for four municipalities in New Caledonia on February 9 116 and later raised warnings to an orange alert for six the following day 117 Ferry and bus services in several New Caledonian communes were suspended 118 119 Flights serviced by Air Caledonie were also delayed 120 The first accommodation centers in the French territory were opened on February 10 121 One person was injured while securing their roof in preparation for the storm 122 Uesi passed between 100 150 km 62 93 mi west of Belep New Caledonia on February 11 bringing heavy rains and strong winds MFR stations recorded up to 300 mm 12 in of rainfall in Poum over a 48 hour period 123 this was roughly equal to two months of average rainfall 124 Flooding from Uesi s rainfall blocked travel between Poum and Koumac 125 as well as other bridges throughout the territory 126 Several routes to Dumbea were blocked by floodwaters 126 Gusts of up to 120 km h 75 mph impacted New Caledonia s central mountain range 127 Power outages afflicted at least 3 900 households serviced by EEC and Enercal and over 5 000 overall 128 122 At least 565 homes lost power in Hienghene and Ponerihouen 126 All warnings for New Caledonia were lifted by the morning of February 12 128 Rough surf generated by Uesi forced the closure of beaches in Gold Coast Queensland beginning that day 129 The large extratropical stage of Uesi produced 6 8 m 20 26 ft waves off the northwestern shores of South Island 130 Tropical Disturbance 07F Edit Tropical disturbance Australian scale DurationFebruary 14 February 21Peak intensityWinds not specified 998 hPa mbar During February 14 the FMS reported that Tropical Disturbance 07F had developed about 490 km 305 mi to the northeast of Funafuti in Tuvalu 131 The disturbance developed within a broad trough formed by a complex interaction between an amplified South Pacific convergence zone a monsoon trough and a westerly wind burst in the region 132 133 Despite lacking a clear wind circulation within a chaotic environment the JTWC initially considered the disturbance to be a hybrid system rather than a tropical cyclone the region s warm sea surface temperatures and low wind shear were supportive of further organisation 134 However development was slow and convection remained displaced from the center of circulation three days later 135 After an extended period of slow movement 131 135 07F accelerated south of Samoa on February 19 136 Over the following days the system tracked towards the east southeast with little development 07F turned towards the southwest by February 20 where strong wind shear began to degrade the convective structure of the system The FMS issued the final advisory on the system on February 21 while it was passing to the south of Niue 137 The U S Federal Emergency Management Agency sent seven representatives to American Samoa in advance of the disturbance 138 Before 07F s arrival a moisture laden convergence zone had already been affecting Samoa with heavy rainfall and high winds 139 Warnings from the Samoa Meteorology Service for rain wind and flooding were in effect for Savai i and Upolu 140 resulting in cancellations of ferry services 141 While the threat of both 07F and nearby 08F lessened on February 18 warnings remained posted due to the persistence of the active convergence zone 142 The Ministry of Education Sports and Culture closed schools between February 18 19 in response to the inclement conditions 143 Roads in three villages in Apia were flooded by rains associated with 07F 144 Power outages affected Tutuila in American Samoa where airports closed as the storm passed Further southeast in the Cook Islands a civil defense emergency was declared All schools were closed in Rarotonga Large waves along the island s coast forced the closure of the seawall road 145 Tropical Disturbance 08F Edit Tropical disturbance Australian scale Subtropical storm SSHWS DurationFebruary 16 February 18Peak intensity65 km h 40 mph 1 min 994 hPa mbar On February 17 the FMS noted the formation of Tropical Disturbance 08F between American Samoa and Niue The system was poorly organised with a high wind shear environment displacing convection to the northeast of the low level center of circulation as the disturbance moved southeast to east southeast 146 147 The JTWC considered the disheveled cyclone as subtropical in nature 148 remaining in an environment hostile to increased organisation 149 By February 18 the JTWC declared the disturbance to have dissipated 150 Later that day the center of 08F continued past the 25th parallel south leading the FMS to issue their final tropical disturbance summary on the highly sheared system 151 Tropical Cyclone Vicky Edit Category 1 tropical cyclone Australian scale Tropical storm SSHWS DurationFebruary 19 February 21Peak intensity75 km h 45 mph 10 min 990 hPa mbar The FMS analysed the formation of Tropical Disturbance 09F on February 19 near Wallis and Futuna 152 positioned within an area of low wind shear and divergent flow aloft 153 The east southeastward moving storm was upgraded to a tropical depression the next day prompting routine advisories from the FMS Developing rainbands quickly organised atop the newly formed and compact low level circulation center 154 155 09F tracked near Samoa on February 20 with maximum sustained winds of 55 km h 35 mph 156 with the center later passing just south of Tutuila in American Samoa 157 158 Continuing to track towards the east southeast the depression strengthened into a Category 1 tropical cyclone later that day receiving the name Vicky 159 Though the cyclone s rainbands expanded further the storm s convection remained disorganised 160 Despite warm ocean waters and a conducive environment aloft for outflow strong wind shear led to a deterioration of Vicky s shower activity 161 On February 21 the FMS issued their final advisory on Vicky once it transitioned into an ex tropical system 162 Flights to Pago Pago were cancelled indefinitely by Samoa Airways with delays impacting Faleolo International Airport 163 Non essential government employees in American Samoa were released from work on February 20 as Vicky passed to the south 164 suspending United States Postal Service and United States Department of Veterans Affairs operations 165 Vicky produced damaging winds and heavy rain in the Samoan islands as an intensifying system 166 Brief power outages affected parts of Samoa early on February 21 167 The combination of Vicky and two other tropical disturbances resulted in a peak rainfall of 203 2 mm 8 00 in in Le auva a between February 17 20 168 A 120 km h 75 mph gust was measured in Pago Pago International Airport in American Samoa and sustained winds of 85 km h 50 mph were observed in Tutuila 157 164 One buoy off Aunu u measured 3 7 4 3 m 12 14 ft seas due to Vicky 157 Tropical Cyclone Wasi Edit Category 2 tropical cyclone Australian scale Tropical storm SSHWS DurationFebruary 21 February 23Peak intensity110 km h 70 mph 10 min 975 hPa mbar During February 21 the FMS reported that Tropical Disturbance 10F had developed about 145 km 90 mi to the north of Mata Utu on the island of Wallis 137 The disturbance was located within an area of low vertical windshear while atmospheric convection persisted over and had started to wrap into the systems low level circulation centre 137 10F was upgraded to a tropical depression 12 hours after its initial designation 169 Continuing to organise throughout the day 170 the system was upgraded to Tropical Cyclone Wasi by February 22 while centred west of Samoa 171 A transient eye like feature emerged on satellite imagery early on February 22 suggesting a cyclone stronger than its organisation suggested 172 While the cyclone was initially highly compact and within favourable conditions 173 interaction with the nearby insular landmasses suppressed Wasi s convection 174 Continued interaction ultimately caused Wasi to weaken and become increasingly disorganised after passing south of Samoa 175 176 Accelerating towards the south southeast convective activity associated with Wasi became limited to the cyclone s eastern half 177 178 eventually exposing the low level centre of circulation on February 23 179 This circulation quickly slackened during the day 180 The Samoa Meteorology Division issued a Category 1 Tropical Cyclone Warning for Samoa on 22 February 181 prompting the activation of the country s National Emergency Operations Centre 182 Heavy rain and flood warnings were also in effect for Samoa 183 Wasi was the second tropical cyclone to affect the Samoan islands in two days 184 Downpours from Wasi spread over the islands of Upolu and Savai i 185 Two rivers in Savai i flooded their banks and inundated adjacent roads River and small stream flooding was also documented in Upolu 186 187 In American Samoa 50 mm 2 in of rain fell over a 12 hour span 188 Gusts to 69 km h 43 mph were reported at Pago Pago International Airport 189 which had suspended operations during Wasi s passage 190 Two homes were destroyed and six sustained major damage from the combined effects of Cyclones Wasi and Cyclone Vicky in American Samoa which had struck the territory in the same week Minor damage was inflicted to another 58 homes 191 A gale warning was issued by the FMS for Niue that was later cancelled upon Wasi s dissipation 192 Tropical Cyclone Gretel Edit Category 2 tropical cyclone Australian scale Category 1 tropical cyclone SSHWS DurationMarch 14 Entered basin March 16Peak intensity100 km h 65 mph 10 min 980 hPa mbar During March 15 Tropical Cyclone Gretel moved into the basin from the Australian region about 620 km 385 mi to the northwest of Noumea in New Caledonia 193 Gretel continued to organise upon its entrance into the basin exhibiting well developed rainbands within a low shear environment 194 195 Forced southeast by a nearby subtropical ridge 196 The storm passed 150 km 93 mi south of New Caledonia on March 15 197 During this time an eye feature was noted by the JTWC on microwave wavelength satellite imagery 198 The FMS upgraded Gretel to a Category 2 cyclone at 12 00 UTC that day 199 However the storm s convective activity soon began to diminish as dry air began to permeate the low level circulation center 200 201 The addition of strong vertical wind shear caused Gretel s remaining showers and thunderstorms to dislocate from the central vortex 202 Gretel quickly developed frontal features on March 16 a sign of extratropical transition 203 Level 1 cyclone alerts were issued for New Caledonia s North and South provinces on March 15 and were lifted by the following morning 204 205 Shelters were opened throughout the territory in anticipation of Gretel s passage 206 Air Caledonie cancelled some of its March 15 16 flights 204 some Aircalin were also cancelled or rescheduled 207 All Rai bus routes were cancelled for March 15 208 Several ports were closed and the Ouaieme Hienghene ferry was suspended 204 Classes at the University of New Caledonia on March 16 17 were closed at their Noumea and Kone campuses 209 the College de Paiamboue also closed its classes 210 Power outages affected the greater Noumea area on New Caledonia particularly in Le Mont Dore and Savannah sur Mer 211 Across three municipalities 791 homes were without power by the evening of March 15 212 and ultimately at least 6 931 electricity customers lost power during Gretel s passage 197 Some roads were blocked by downed trees Gretel s effects disrupted some municipal elections flooding a polling station and preventing voter travel in some municipalities 211 voter turnout was diminished relative to the previous elections in 2014 213 Northern parts of New Caledonia received 50 80 mm 2 0 3 1 in of rain over a six hour period 214 and 100 150 mm 3 9 5 9 in of rain overall was recorded on the northern and southern extents of Grande Terre 215 Floods overtook a bridge between Pouebo and Ouegoa 204 Rough seas grounded a barge in Nouville 216 The Australian territory of Norfolk Island recorded maximum 10 minute sustained winds of 57 km h 35 mph and a maximum gust to 83 km h 52 mph on March 16 citation needed Severe Tropical Cyclone Harold Edit Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Australian scale Category 5 tropical cyclone SSHWS DurationApril 2 Entered basin April 10Peak intensity230 km h 145 mph 10 min 920 hPa mbar Main article Cyclone Harold During April 3 Tropical Cyclone Harold moved into the basin from the Australian region as a Category 1 tropical cyclone on the Australian scale 217 218 Atmospheric conditions were supportive of further intensification within the South Pacific as the storm tracked towards the southeast 219 220 On April 3 Harold began to quickly gain in organisation and intensity developing tightly wound rainbands and a pinhole eye 221 222 Harold rapidly intensified into a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone by April 4 223 224 Category 4 intensity was reached by 12 00 UTC that day with Harold exhibiting maximum ten minute sustained winds of 165 km h 105 mph 225 The JTWC assessed Harold three hours later as having one minute sustained winds of 215 km h 130 mph equivalent to a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir Simpson scale 226 Concurrently an extension of an area of high pressure to Harold s east caused the storm s track to slow and curve increasingly southward 223 Afterwards the storm recurved eastwards and accelerated before turning east southeastwards On the next day the storm intensified into a Category 5 Severe Tropical Cyclone the highest rating on the Australian scale Later that day at 1 00 P M local time the storm made landfall on Espiritu Santo At landfall the storm had 10 minute winds of 215 km h 130 mph 227 Intensification continued and by 12 00 UTC it reached peak intensity as a Category 5 equivalent cyclone on the Saffir Simpson scale with 10 minute winds of 230 km h 145 mph and a minimum barometric pressure of 920 mbar 27 17 inHg It maintained the intensity for only 6 hours before weakening back to a Category 4 equivalent cyclone The storm began an Eyewall replacement cycle And thus both warning centers downgraded the system After the cyclone was completed a new eye formed Thus the FMS upgraded Harold to a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone for the second time 228 Later that day it reached Category 4 status on the SSHWS yet again On April 8 the storm passed just south of Fiji and passed over Kadavu Island 229 The system finally began to weaken as it accelerated towards Tonga Later that day the storm passed just 100 mi 165 km south of Tongatapu the main island of Tonga as a Category 3 equivalent cyclone 230 On the next day the storm began an extratropical transition while it moved into MetService s area of responsibility citation needed The JTWC subsequently issued its final advisory on Harold as it was expected to gain frontal characteristics and complete its extratropical transition within 12 hours 231 MetService subsequently declared Harold to be an extratropical cyclone during April 10 before the system was last noted during the following day around 1 500 km 930 mi to the southwest of Adamstown in the Pitcairn Islands 232 233 Cyclone warnings were issued for the entirety of the Solomon Islands as Harold approached on April 3 234 Strong winds blew down trees in Honiara causing power outages and blocking roads 235 236 237 Rainfall associated with the passing storm also caused flooding forcing dozens of families out of their homes 238 236 A ferry repatriating 738 people from Honiara to Malaita Province amid the COVID 19 pandemic encountered the storm in the Ironbottom Sound 28 people were washed overboard by the waves 239 All but one of the people are presumed dead On April 3 the Vanuatu National Disaster Management Office VNDMO issued a Yellow Alert for Torba and Sanma provinces in Vanuatu The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geo Hazards Department also issued a tropical cyclone warning for these areas The yellow alert was upgraded to a red alert on April 4 while yellow alerts were also issued for Malampa and Penama provinces Red alerts eventually encompassed Malampa Penama Sanma and Torba provinces with a yellow alert for Shefa Province The VNDMO advised for all residents under the red alert to remain indoors All COVID 19 preparedness activities were suspended to facilitate preparations and evacuations for Harold Harold was the first severe tropical cyclone to strike Vanuatu since Cyclone Pam in 2015 bringing gusts above 275 km h 170 mph 250 450 mm 10 18 in of rain and a storm surge of 0 8 m 2 6 ft causing catastrophic damage torrential flooding and communication disruptions and plunging Vanuatu into a blackout In Fiji heavy rain alerts were issued for the western half of Viti Levu Kadavu and the Mamanuca and Yasawa islands on April 6 Storm warnings were later put in effect for the areas under a heavy rain alert in addition to the Lomaiviti Islands The highest warning a hurricane warning was issued for Kadavu and Ono i Lau on April 7 The Fiji National Disaster Management Office FDNMO activated their Emergency Operations Centre to streamline preparations and evacuations A total of eighty five shelters were opened with at least two in each of Fiji s four districts All village headmen and community leaders were directed to All COVID 19 related activities were also cancelled in order to prepare for the impact of Harold Early on April 7 the storm began affecting the nation with gusty winds moderate coastal flooding and storm surge These conditioners worsened as the storm approached In contrast to the forecasts the passed only to the south of Fiji and thus the northern islands received little damage Kadavu Island was hit the worst as the storm s center passed over the island Many infrastructures were damaged or destroyed due to the strong wind and storm surge Storm names EditSee also Tropical cyclone naming Within the Southern Pacific a tropical depression is judged to have reached tropical cyclone intensity should it reach winds of 65 km h 40 mph and it is evident that gales are occurring at least halfway around the center Tropical depressions that intensify into a tropical cyclone between the Equator and 25 S and between 160 E and 120 W are named by the FMS However should a tropical depression intensify to the south of 25 S between 160 E and 120 W it will be named by MetService in conjunction with the FMS If a tropical cyclone moves out of the basin and into the Australian region it will retain its original name The names that was used for 2019 20 season is listed below 240 Rita Sarai Tino Uesi Vicky WasiOthers Edit If a tropical cyclone enters the South Pacific basin from the Australian region basin west of 160 E it will retain the name assigned to it by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology The following storms were named in this manner Gretel named by BOM Harold named by BOM Season effects EditThis table lists all the storms that developed in the South Pacific to the east of longitude 160 E during the 2019 20 season It includes their intensity on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale duration name landfalls deaths and damages Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Damage USD Deaths RefsCategory Wind speed PressureRita November 22 26 Category 2 tropical cyclone 110 km h 70 mph 977 hPa 28 85 inHg Solomon Islands Vanuatu None None02F December 19 23 Tropical disturbance Not specified 999 hPa 29 50 inHg Samoan Islands None NoneSarai December 23 January 2 Category 2 tropical cyclone 110 km h 70 mph 972 hPa 28 70 inHg Fiji Tonga Niue southern Cook Islands 2 3 million 2Tino January 11 20 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 120 km h 75 mph 970 hPa 28 64 inHg Fiji Niue Solomon IslandsSamoan Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu 5 83 million 2 missing 05F January 24 25 Tropical disturbance Not specified 1003 hPa 29 62 inHg Samoan Islands None NoneUesi February 4 13 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 130 km h 80 mph 975 hPa 28 79 inHg Solomon Islands Vanuatu New Caledonia New Zealand Minor None07F February 14 21 Tropical disturbance Not specified 998 hPa 29 47 inHg Tuvalu Samoan Islands Tokelau Niue None None08F February 17 18 Tropical disturbance Not specified 996 hPa 29 41 inHg Samoan Islands Niue Cook Islands None NoneVicky February 19 21 Category 1 tropical cyclone 75 km h 45 mph 990 hPa 29 23 inHg Samoan Islands Niue Minor NoneWasi February 21 23 Category 2 tropical cyclone 110 km h 70 mph 975 hPa 28 79 inHg Wallis and Futuna Samoan Islands Minor NoneGretel March 14 16 Category 2 tropical cyclone 100 km h 65 mph 980 hPa 28 94 inHg New Caledonia Norfolk Island New Zealand None NoneHarold April 2 10 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone 230 km h 145 mph 920 hPa 27 17 inHg Solomon Islands Vanuatu Fiji Tonga gt 123 5 million 3Season aggregates12 systems November 22 April 10 230 km h 145 mph 920 hPa 27 17 inHg 131 63 million 5See also Edit Tropical cyclones portalWeather of 2019 and 2020 South Pacific tropical cyclone List of Southern Hemisphere cyclone seasons Tropical cyclones in 2019 2020 Atlantic hurricane seasons 2019 2020 Pacific hurricane seasons 2019 2020 Pacific typhoon seasons 2019 2020 North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons 2019 2020 2019 20 South West Indian Ocean cyclone season 2019 20 Australian region cyclone seasonFootnotes EditReferences Edit a b Climate Services Division October 26 2010 Tropical Cyclone Guidance for Season 2010 11 for the Fiji and the Southwest Pacific PDF Report Fiji Meteorological Service Archived from the original PDF on February 27 2012 Retrieved October 17 2016 a b c d e f g h i 2019 20 Tropical Cyclone Season Outlook in the Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre Nadi Tropical Cyclone Centre RSMC Nadi TCC Area of Responsibility AOR PDF Report Fiji Meteorological Service October 11 2019 Archived PDF from the original on October 11 2019 Retrieved October 11 2019 a b c d e f g h i Southwest Pacific Tropical Cyclone Outlook October 2019 Report National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research October 11 2019 Retrieved October 11 2019 a b c d South Pacific Tropical Cyclone Outlook for 2019 to 2020 Australian Bureau of Meteorology October 11 2019 Retrieved October 11 2019 Tropical Cyclone 5 Day Outlook 21 November 2019 5 Day Outlook Nadi Fiji Fiji Meteorological Service November 21 2019 Tropical Disturbance Summary for 22 November 0930 UTC Tropical Disturbance Summary Fiji Meteorological Service November 22 2019 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans November 22 2000 UTC Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center November 22 2019 Tropical Disturbance Summary for November 22 2100 UTC Tropical Disturbance Summary Fiji Meteorological Service November 22 2019 Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A1 for Tropical Depression 01F Report Fiji Meteorological Service November 23 2019 Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A2 for Tropical Depression 01F Report Fiji Meteorological Service November 23 2019 Tropical Disturbance Summary for 24 November 0600 UTC Tropical Disturbance Summary Fiji Meteorological Service November 24 2019 Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A4 for Tropical Depression 01F Report Fiji Meteorological Service November 24 2019 Tropical Cyclone 01P One Warning NR 001 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center November 24 2019 Retrieved November 24 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Cyclone 01P One Warning NR 002 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center November 24 2019 Retrieved November 24 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System a b Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A8 for Tropical Cyclone Rita Report Fiji Meteorological Service November 25 2019 Hurricane Warning 013 for Tropical Cyclone Rita Report Fiji Meteorological Service November 25 2019 Hurricane Warning 015 for Tropical Cyclone Rita Report Fiji Meteorological Service November 25 2019 Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A9 for Tropical Cyclone Rita Report Fiji Meteorological Service November 25 2019 Tropical Cyclone 01P Rita Warning NR 007 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center November 25 2019 Retrieved November 24 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A10 for Tropical Cyclone Rita Report Fiji Meteorological Service November 25 2019 Tropical Cyclone 01P Rita Warning NR 005 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center November 25 2019 Retrieved November 24 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Cyclone 01P Rita Warning NR 009 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center November 26 2019 Retrieved November 26 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A13 for Tropical Cyclone Rita Report Fiji Meteorological Service November 26 2019 Tropical Cyclone 01P Rita Warning NR 011 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center November 26 2019 Retrieved November 26 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Former Cyclone Rita now a Tropical Low Radio New Zealand November 26 2019 Retrieved November 25 2019 Cyclone Rita becomes category two storm Radio New Zealand November 25 2019 Retrieved November 25 2019 Cyclone Rita to pass east of Vanuatu Radio New Zealand November 25 2019 Retrieved November 25 2019 Vanuatu Tropical Cyclone RITA update GDACS JTWC VMGD media ECHO Daily Flash of 27 November 2019 ReliefWeb European Commission s Directorate General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations November 27 2019 Retrieved November 27 2019 a b Tropical Disturbance Summary December 19 2019 21z Report Fiji Meteorological Service December 19 2019 a b Significant Tropical Weather Advisory December 20 2019 06z Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 20 2019 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory December 21 2019 06z Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 21 2019 a b c d Tropical Disturbance Summary December 24 2019 00z Report Fiji Meteorological Service December 24 2019 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory December 23 2019 06z Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 23 2019 a b Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans December 23 2019 19z Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 23 2019 Tropical Disturbance Advisory A1 December 25 2019 00z Report Fiji Meteorological Service December 25 2019 Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert December 25 2019 03z Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 25 2019 Tropical Disturbance Advisory A6 December 26 2019 06z Report Fiji Meteorological Service December 26 2019 a b Tropical Cyclone Cyclone 04P Warning 2 December 26 2019 15z Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 26 2019 Tropical Cyclone Naming Bulletin December 26 2019 12z Report Fiji Meteorological Service December 26 2019 Archived from the original on December 26 2019 a b Tropical Disturbance Advisory A7 December 26 2019 15z Report Fiji Meteorological Service December 26 2019 Tropical Disturbance Advisory A10 December 27 2019 08z Report Fiji Meteorological Service December 27 2019 a b Fiji Climate Summary December 2019 Volume 40 Issue 12 PDF Report Fiji Meteorological Service January 9 2020 Archived from the original PDF on January 9 2020 Retrieved January 9 2020 Tropical Disturbance Advisory A14 December 28 2019 09z Report Fiji Meteorological Service December 28 2019 Tropical Cyclone 04P Sarai Warning NR 002 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 26 2019 Tropical Cyclone 04P Sarai Warning NR 006 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 27 2019 Retrieved December 27 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Storm Warning 020 for Tropical Cyclone Sarai Report Fiji Meteorological Service December 27 2019 Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A13 for Tropical Cyclone Sarai Report Fiji Meteorological Service December 28 2019 Tropical Cyclone 04P Sarai Warning NR 008 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 28 2019 Retrieved December 31 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A14 for Tropical Cyclone Sarai Report Fiji Meteorological Service December 28 2019 Tropical Cyclone 04P Sarai Warning NR 010 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 28 2019 Retrieved December 31 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A18 for Tropical Cyclone Sarai Report Fiji Meteorological Service December 29 2019 Tropical Cyclone 04P Sarai Warning NR 013 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 29 2019 Retrieved December 31 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A20 for Tropical Cyclone Sarai Report Fiji Meteorological Service December 29 2019 Tropical Cyclone 04P Sarai Warning NR 016 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 30 2019 Retrieved December 31 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Cyclone 04P Sarai Warning NR 021 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center December 31 2019 Retrieved December 31 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Disturbance Summary for 01 January 0830 UTC Tropical Disturbance Summary Fiji Meteorological Service January 1 2020 Tropical Disturbance Summary for 02 January 0004 UTC Tropical Disturbance Summary Fiji Meteorological Service January 2 2020 Hundreds flee lowlands as Cyclone Sarai sweeps past Fiji Phys org December 27 2019 Tropical Cyclone Sarai claims two lives as more than 2 000 remain under evacuation in Fiji ABC News Australia December 29 2019 permanent dead link Kathrin Krishna January 8 2020 FRA confirms 5 million damage from TC Sarai Fijian Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved January 8 2020 Tropical Cyclone 5 Day Outlook 9 January 2020 PDF 5 Day Outlook Nadi Fiji Fiji Meteorological Service January 9 2020 Retrieved January 14 2020 Tropical Cyclone 5 Day Outlook 10 January 2020 PDF 5 Day Outlook Nadi Fiji Fiji Meteorological Service January 10 2020 Retrieved January 14 2020 Tropical Disturbance Summary for January 11 2253 UTC Tropical Disturbance Summary Fiji Meteorological Service January 11 2019 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans January 12 2020 21z Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center January 12 2020 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans January 14 2020 06z Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center January 14 2020 Tropical Disturbance Advisory A1 for Tropical Disturbance TD04F Report Fiji Meteorological Service January 14 2020 Tropical Disturbance Advisory A2 for Tropical Disturbance TD04F Report Fiji Meteorological Service January 14 2020 Tropical Disturbance Advisory A5 for Tropical Depression 04F Report Fiji Meteorological Service January 15 2020 Tropical Disturbance Advisory A10 for Tropical Cyclone Tino Report Fiji Meteorological Service January 16 2020 Tropical Cyclone 08P Tino Warning NR 001 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center January 16 2020 Retrieved January 18 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A14 for Tropical Cyclone Tino Report Fiji Meteorological Service January 17 2020 Tropical Cyclone 08P Tino Warning NR 004 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center January 17 2020 Retrieved January 18 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A16 for Tropical Cyclone Tino Report Fiji Meteorological Service January 17 2020 Tropical Cyclone 08P Tino Warning NR 006 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center January 18 2020 Retrieved January 18 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A18 for Tropical Cyclone Tino Report Fiji Meteorological Service January 18 2020 Tropical Cyclone 08P Tino Warning NR 011 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center January 19 2020 Retrieved January 20 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Cyclone Tino downgraded but remnants to pummel eastern coastline Radio New Zealand Radio New Zealand January 20 2020 Retrieved January 20 2020 Kaukuki Ian M January 13 2020 Cyclone Emerging Solomon Star Honiara Solomon Islands Solomon Star News Solomon Star Retrieved January 14 2020 Heavy Rain Alert Now in Force for Parts of the Fiji Group PDF Media Release Nadi Fiji Fiji Meteorological Service December 28 2019 Retrieved January 14 2020 Special Weather Bulletin Number FIVE FOR FIJI AND ROTUMA ON TROPICAL DEPRESSION TD04F Report Fiji Meteorological Service January 15 2020 Kate Talebula January 15 2020 WAF Boil and store drinking water The Fiji Times Suva Fiji Fiji Times Limited The Fiji Times Retrieved January 14 2020 subscription required Rizzo Cailey January 14 2020 Cruises Canceled as Fiji Prepares for a Tropical Cyclone Video Travel Leisure Meredith Corporation Travel Leisure Retrieved January 16 2020 Evacuation centres opened as Cyclone Tino aims for Fiji Tonga Radio New Zealand January 16 2020 Retrieved January 16 2020 Silaitoga Serafina January 16 2020 TD04F Northerners prepare for approaching storm The Fiji Times Suva Fiji Fiji Times Limited The Fiji Times Retrieved January 16 2020 subscription required Silaitoga Serafina January 16 2020 TD04F Udu villagers advised to move inland The Fiji Times Suva Fiji Fiji Times Limited The Fiji Times Retrieved January 16 2020 subscription required Vula Timoci January 16 2020 TD04F FNU advises northern staff and students to stay home The Fiji Times Suva Fiji Fiji Times Limited The Fiji Times Retrieved January 16 2020 subscription required Lyons Kate January 17 2020 Fiji calls for urgent action on climate crisis as second cyclone hits in three weeks The Guardian Retrieved January 17 2020 Cyclone Tino 2 missing as cyclone gains strength over Fiji Stuff January 17 2020 Retrieved January 17 2020 a b c Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans January 23 2020 20z Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center January 23 2020 Tropical Disturbance Summary January 24 2020 09z Report Fiji Meteorological Service January 24 2020 a b Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert January 24 2020 22z Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center January 24 2019 Tropical Cyclone 12P January 25 2020 15z Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center January 25 2020 Archived from the original on January 25 2020 https www nrlmry navy mil tcdat tc20 SHEM 12P TWELVE trackfile txt bare URL plain text file a b Tropical Disturbance Summary January 25 2020 21z Report Fiji Meteorological Service January 25 2020 Tropical Cyclone 12P Warning 3 January 26 2020 03z Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center January 26 2020 Tropical Cyclone 12P Warning 5 January 26 2020 15z Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center January 26 2020 a b c Tropical Disturbance Summary February 6 2020 00z Report Fiji Meteorological Service January 16 2020 a b Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans February 6 2020 06z Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center February 6 2020 Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert February 8 2020 03z Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center February 8 2020 Tropical Disturbance Advisory A1 for Tropical Disturbance 06F Report Fiji Meteorological Service February 8 2020 Tropical Cyclone 15P Fifteen Warning NR 001 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center February 9 2020 Retrieved February 12 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Disturbance Advisory A6 for Tropical Cyclone Uesi Report Fiji Meteorological Service February 9 2020 Tropical Cyclone 15P Fifteen Warning NR 004 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center February 9 2020 Retrieved February 12 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Cyclone 15P Uesi Warning NR 005 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center February 10 2020 Retrieved February 12 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Disturbance Advisory A10 for Tropical Cyclone Uesi Report Fiji Meteorological Service February 10 2020 Hurricane Warning 013 for Tropical Cyclone Uesi Report Fiji Meteorological Service February 10 2020 Tropical Disturbance Advisory A12 for Tropical Cyclone Uesi Report Fiji Meteorological Service February 11 2020 Tropical Cyclone 15P Uesi Warning NR 009 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center February 11 2020 Retrieved February 12 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Cyclone 15P Uesi Warning NR 011 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center February 11 2020 Retrieved February 12 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Cyclone 15P Uesi Warning NR 013 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center February 12 2020 Retrieved February 12 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Cyclone 15P Uesi Warning NR 014 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center February 12 2020 Retrieved February 12 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Storm Warning 020 for Tropical Cyclone Uesi Report Fiji Meteorological Service February 12 2020 Tropical Cyclone Uesi Technical Bulletin 3 12Z Australian Bureau of Meteorology February 12 2020 Archived from the original on February 12 2020 Retrieved February 12 2020 Tropical Cyclone Potential Bulletin 2249 UTC 14 Feb 2020 Tropical Cyclone Bulletin Report Wellington New Zealand MetService February 14 2020 Retrieved February 15 2020 Vanuatu issues warnings for new Tropical Cyclone Radio New Zealand February 9 2020 Retrieved February 9 2020 La depression tropicale 06F poursuit son evolution in French France TV NC1ere February 9 2020 Retrieved February 9 2020 Mestre Charlotte Tromeur Francoise February 10 2020 Depression tropicale forte Uesi la Caledonie en prealerte a midi in French France TV Retrieved February 10 2020 Des bus Rai annules en raison de l approche d Uesi Les Nouvelles Caledonies Noumea New Caledonia LNC nc February 10 2020 Retrieved February 10 2020 Uesi les navettes maritimes suspendues jusqu a nouvel ordre Les Nouvelles Caledonies Noumea New Caledonia LNC nc February 10 2020 Retrieved February 10 2020 Cyclone Uesi la livraison des Nouvelles perturbee Les Nouvelles Caledonies Noumea New Caledonia LNC nc February 11 2020 Retrieved February 11 2020 Tromeur Francoise February 10 2020 Approche de la depression Uesi les consequences in French France TV Retrieved February 10 2020 a b Nouvelle Caledonie Le cyclone Uesi s eloigne en faisant une blessee in French Ouest France Agence France Presse February 12 2020 Retrieved February 12 2019 Cyclone Uesi Des trombes d eau s abattent sur la Nouvelle Caledonie in French Ouest France Agence France Presse February 11 2020 Retrieved February 11 2019 Crepet Regis February 11 2020 La Nouvelle Caledonie frappee par le cyclone Uesi in French La Chaine Meteo Retrieved February 11 2020 Uesi est devenu un cyclone des axes coupes in French France TV NC1ere February 11 2020 Retrieved February 10 2020 a b c EN DIRECT CYCLONE UESI Routes coupees foyers prives d electricite consignes de securite Suivez en temps reel l evolution de la situation Les Nouvelles Caledonies Noumea New Caledonia LNC nc February 11 2020 Retrieved February 11 2020 Uesi s eloigne progressivement de la Nouvelle Caledonie Les Nouvelles Caledonies Noumea New Caledonia LNC nc February 12 2020 Retrieved February 11 2020 a b Carboni Lizzie February 11 2020 Cyclone Uesi apres une nuit agitee le phenomene s eloigne progressivement de la Nouvelle Caledonie in French France TV NC1ere Retrieved February 11 2020 St Clair Monique February 12 2020 Multiple Gold Coast beaches closed as Cyclone Uesi approaches Gold Coast Queensland Australia myGC Retrieved February 11 2020 Spamer Courtney February 15 2020 Uesi to batter New Zealand with heavy rainfall strong winds AccuWeather Inc Retrieved February 15 2020 a b Tropical Disturbance Summary February 14 2020 23z Report Fiji Meteorological Service February 14 2020 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans February 15 0600 UTC Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center February 15 2020 Area Forecast Discussion for February 15 2020 National Weather Service Raw Text Product Pago Pago American Samoa National Weather Service Pago Pago American Samoa February 15 2020 Retrieved February 16 2020 via Iowa Environmental Mesonet Tropical Cyclone 93P Formation Alert 17Z Joint Typhoon Warning Center February 16 2020 Archived from the original on February 16 2020 Retrieved February 16 2020 a b Tropical Disturbance Summary February 19 2020 09z Report Fiji Meteorological Service February 18 2020 Severe Weather Information Number Thirteen 13 Developing tropical disturbance within the region issued by the Samoa Meteorology Division at 5 00am Thursday 20th February 2020 Apia Samoa Samoa Meteorology Division February 19 2020 Retrieved February 19 2020 via ReliefWeb a b c Tropical Disturbance Summary February 21 2020 03z Report Fiji Meteorological Service February 21 2020 Samoa group on alert for threatening weather system Radio New Zealand February 15 2020 Retrieved February 16 2020 Wilson Soli February 15 2020 Tropical Depression upgraded wild weather forecast Samoa Observer Online Samoa Observer Retrieved February 16 2020 subscription required Severe Weather Information Number Six 6 Tropical Disturbance 07F issued by the Samoa Meteorology Division at 5 00 pm Sunday 16th February 2020 EN SM Apia Samoa Government of Samoa February 16 2020 Retrieved February 16 2020 via ReliefWeb Von Dincklage Vaelei February 15 2020 Low pressure systems tropical depression impact weather Samoa Observer Online Samoa Observer Retrieved February 16 2020 subscription required Von Dincklage Vaelei February 18 2020 Tropical depression moves forecasters advise maintain caution Samoa Observer Online Samoa Observer Retrieved February 16 2020 subscription required Wilson Soli February 18 2020 Wild weather forecast closes schools Samoa Observer Online Samoa Observer Retrieved February 18 2020 subscription required Wilson Soli February 18 2020 Low pressure systems remain over Samoa Samoa Observer Online Samoa Observer Retrieved February 18 2020 subscription required Damage assessments begin as Samoa storms ease Radio New Zealand February 19 2020 Retrieved February 19 2020 Tropical Disturbance Summary February 17 2020 03z Report Fiji Meteorological Service February 17 2020 Tropical Disturbance Summary February 18 2020 09z Report Fiji Meteorological Service February 18 2020 Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert Invest 93P Cancellation February 17 2020 13z Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center February 17 2020 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans February 18 06z Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center February 18 2020 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans February 18 1530z Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center February 18 2020 Tropical Disturbance Summary February 18 2020 23z Report Fiji Meteorological Service February 18 2020 Wilson Soli February 20 2020 Sunshine short lived cyclone possible Samoa Observer Online Samoa Observer Retrieved February 20 2020 subscription required Tropical Disturbance Summary February 19 2020 21z Report Fiji Meteorological Service February 19 2020 Tropical Disturbance Advisory A1 for Tropical Depression 09F Report Fiji Meteorological Service February 19 2019 Tropical Cyclone 17P Seventeen Warning NR 001 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center February 20 2020 Retrieved February 21 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Disturbance Advisory A3 for Tropical Depression 09F Report Fiji Meteorological Service February 19 2019 a b c Area Forecast Discussion for February 20 2020 1138 AM HST National Weather Service Raw Text Product Pago Pago American Samoa National Weather Service Pago Pago American Samoa February 20 2020 Retrieved February 21 2020 via Iowa Environmental Mesonet Area Forecast Discussion for February 20 2020 0500 PM HST National Weather Service Raw Text Product Pago Pago American Samoa National Weather Service Pago Pago American Samoa February 20 2020 Retrieved February 21 2020 via Iowa Environmental Mesonet Tropical Disturbance Advisory A5 for Tropical Cyclone Vicky Report Fiji Meteorological Service February 20 2019 Tropical Cyclone 17P Vicky Warning NR 002 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center February 21 2020 Retrieved February 21 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Cyclone 17P Vicky Warning NR 003 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center February 21 2020 Retrieved February 21 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Disturbance Advisory A10 for Tropical Cyclone Vicky Report Fiji Meteorological Service February 21 2019 Wilson Soli February 21 2020 Weather grounds Pago flights Samoa Observer Online Samoa Observer Retrieved February 21 2020 subscription required a b Latest storm updates ASG workers off and HAL flight cancelled Osini Faleatasi Inc Samoa News February 20 2020 Retrieved February 21 2020 After one depression passes another approaches InterTech Media LLC Talanei February 20 2020 Retrieved February 21 2020 Wilson Soli February 21 2020 Samoa braced for storm Samoa Observer Online Samoa Observer Retrieved February 20 2020 subscription required Von Dincklage Vaelei February 21 2020 Samoa braced for storm Samoa Observer Online Samoa Observer Retrieved February 21 2020 subscription required Fruean Adel February 21 2020 Leauvaa Samoa s rainiest spot Samoa Observer Online Samoa Observer Retrieved February 21 2020 subscription required Tropical Disturbance Advisory B1 for Tropical Depression 10F Report Fiji Meteorological Service February 21 2019 Tropical Disturbance Advisory B3 for Tropical Depression 10F Report Fiji Meteorological Service February 21 2019 Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A1 for Tropical Cyclone Wasi Report Fiji Meteorological Service February 22 2020 Tropical Cyclone 18P Wasi Warning NR 003 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center February 22 2020 Retrieved February 25 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Cyclone 18P Wasi Warning NR 004 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center February 22 2020 Retrieved February 22 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A2 for Tropical Cyclone Wasi Report Fiji Meteorological Service February 22 2020 Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A4 for Tropical Cyclone Wasi Report Fiji Meteorological Service February 22 2020 Area Forecast Discussion for February 22 2020 National Weather Service Raw Text Product Pago Pago American Samoa National Weather Service Pago Pago American Samoa February 22 2020 Retrieved February 25 2020 via Iowa Environmental Mesonet Tropical Cyclone 18P Wasi Warning NR 005 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center February 22 2020 Retrieved February 25 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Cyclone 18P Wasi Warning NR 007 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center February 23 2020 Retrieved February 25 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Cyclone 18P Wasi Warning NR 008 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center February 23 2020 Retrieved February 25 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Cyclone 18P Wasi Warning NR 009 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center February 23 2020 Retrieved February 25 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Fruean Adel February 22 2020 Meteorology Office warns of Category 1 Cyclone in next 6 12 hours Samoa Observer Online Samoa Observer Retrieved February 20 2020 subscription required Lesa Mata afa Keni February 22 2020 Govt activates Emergency response as Samoa braces for cyclone Wasi Samoa Observer Online Samoa Observer Retrieved February 22 2020 subscription required Samoa govt activates Emergency Ops Center monitors likely track of Wasi Osini Faleatasi Inc Samoa News February 22 2020 Retrieved February 22 2020 Samoa prepares for Wasi activates Emergency Operations Centre RNZ RNZ February 22 2020 Retrieved February 22 2020 Rheeney Alexander February 22 2020 Samoa drenched by rain as TC Wasi warning remains Samoa Observer Online Samoa Observer Retrieved February 22 2020 subscription required Residents stranded after Cyclone Wasi floods rivers in Samoa RNZ February 24 2020 Retrieved February 24 2020 Fruean Adel February 24 2020 Parts of Upolu continue flooding Samoa Observer Online Samoa Observer Retrieved February 24 2020 subscription required TS Wasi continues to move away InterTech Media LLC Talanei February 22 2020 Retrieved February 22 2020 Tropical Cyclone 18P Wasi Warning NR 005 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center February 22 2020 Retrieved February 22 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Samoa Airways Service to Pago Pago Resumes Today Samoa Global News February 24 2020 Retrieved February 25 2020 Cyclones leave homes in American Samoa damaged RNZ February 25 2020 Retrieved February 25 2020 Warning for Niue cancelled as Cyclone Wasi dissipates RNZ February 24 2020 Retrieved February 25 2020 Tropical Cyclone Gretel Forecast Track Map 17 00Z Australian Bureau of Meteorology March 15 2020 Archived from the original on March 15 2020 Retrieved March 15 2020 Tropical Cyclone Gretel 0131 UTC 15 03 2020 Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin Australia Eastern Region Brisbane Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre March 15 2020 Tropical Cyclone 23P Gretel Warning NR 002 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center March 15 2019 Retrieved March 16 2019 Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A1 for Tropical Cyclone Gretel Report Fiji Meteorological Service March 15 2020 a b MaJ Gretel s eloigne par le Sud Ouest mais la Caledonie subit encore son influence in French France TV March 16 2020 Retrieved March 16 2020 Tropical Cyclone 23P Gretel Warning NR 003 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center March 15 2019 Retrieved March 16 2019 Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A3 for Tropical Cyclone Gretel Report Fiji Meteorological Service March 15 2020 Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A4 for Tropical Cyclone Gretel Report Fiji Meteorological Service March 15 2020 Tropical Cyclone 23P Gretel Warning NR 004 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center March 15 2019 Retrieved March 16 2019 Tropical Cyclone 23P Gretel Warning NR 005 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center March 15 2019 Retrieved March 15 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Cyclone 23P Gretel Warning NR 006 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center March 16 2019 Retrieved March 16 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System a b c d Madec Alix Nollet Martine March 15 2020 Depression tropicale Gretel la province Sud en alerte cyclonique de niveau 1 a 15h MAJ in French France TV Retrieved March 15 2020 Depression Gretel la prealerte cyclonique levee sur la province des Iles levee de l alerte 1 pour le Nord a 8h et le Sud a 11h in French France TV NC la 1ere March 16 2020 Retrieved March 16 2020 Gretel les centres d accueil operationnels dans le Grand Noumea Les Nouvelles Caledoniennes LNC nc March 15 2020 Retrieved March 15 2020 Tromeur Francoise March 15 2020 Depression Gretel les vols Aircalin chamboules in French France TV Retrieved March 15 2020 Gretel annulation de tous les bus Rai ce dimanche Les Nouvelles Caledoniennes LNC nc March 15 2020 Retrieved March 15 2020 Mesures de prevention liees au phenomene climatique GRETEL PDF in French Universite de la Nouvelle Caledonie March 15 2020 Retrieved March 15 2020 A Pouembout le college de Paiamboue est ferme jusqu a mercredi Les Nouvelles Caledoniennes LNC nc March 16 2020 Retrieved March 16 2020 a b Gretel au plus pres du Caillou cette nuit in French France TV March 15 2020 Retrieved March 15 2020 Tromeur Francoise March 15 2020 Depression Gretel pres de 800 foyers sans electricite MaJ in French France TV Retrieved March 15 2020 Madec Alix March 15 2020 Municipales un scrutin perturbe par les intemperies dans l extreme Nord in French France TV NC la 1ere Retrieved March 15 2020 Tromeur Francoise March 15 2020 Le Sud bascule a son tour en alerte 1 comme le Nord in French France TV Retrieved March 15 2020 MaJ 11h40 La province Sud passe a son tour en alerte 1 a 15 heures Les Nouvelles Caledoniennes LNC nc March 15 2020 Retrieved March 15 2020 Wakahugneme Cedrick Le Tenneur Antoine March 17 2020 Depression Gretel une barge sous le pont de Nouville in French France TV Retrieved March 17 2020 Tropical Cyclone Harold Technical Bulletin April 3 2020 00z Report Australian Bureau of Meteorology April 3 2020 Archived from the original on April 6 2020 Retrieved April 6 2020 Tropical Disturbance Advisory A1 for Tropical Cyclone Harold April 3 2020 06z Report Fiji Meteorological Service April 3 2020 Archived from the original on April 10 2020 Retrieved April 10 2020 Tropical Cyclone 25P Harold Warning NR 002 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center April 3 2020 Retrieved April 4 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Cyclone 25P Harold Warning NR 003 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center April 3 2020 Retrieved April 4 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A2 for Tropical Cyclone Harold Report Fiji Meteorological Service April 4 2020 Tropical Cyclone 25P Harold Warning 4 April 3 2020 15z Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center April 3 2020 Archived from the original on April 10 2020 Retrieved April 10 2020 a b Tropical Disturbance Advisory A4 for Tropical Cyclone Harold Report Fiji Meteorological Service April 4 2020 Tropical Cyclone 25P Harold Warning NR 006 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center April 3 2020 Retrieved April 4 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Hurricane Warning Number 010 for Tropical Cyclone Harold Report Fiji Meteorological Service April 4 2020 Tropical Cyclone 25P Harold Warning NR 008 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center April 3 2020 Retrieved April 4 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Cyclone Harold updates Storm makes landfall on Vanuatu s Santo RNZ April 6 2020 Retrieved April 7 2020 Hurricane Warning 026 for Severe Tropical Cyclone Harold Fiji Meteorological Service April 8 2020 Retrieved April 8 2019 Kaye Bryan April 8 2020 Cyclone Harold Slams Into Fiji As Category 5 Storm HuffPost Retrieved April 10 2020 Capucci Matthew April 8 2020 Cyclone Harold slams Tonga third island nation hit in 3 days The Washington Post Retrieved April 10 2020 Tropical Cyclone 25P Harold Warning 28 April 9 2020 15z Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center April 9 2020 Archived from the original on April 12 2020 Retrieved April 12 2020 Tropical Cyclone 25P Harold Running Best Track Analysis Report United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center April 2020 Storm Warning 135 April 10 2020 06z Report New Zealand MetService April 10 2020 Archived from the original on April 12 2020 Retrieved April 12 2020 TC Harold batters Solomon Islands as it heads to Vanuatu RNZ Radio New Zealand April 3 2020 Retrieved April 3 2020 Keka Georgina April 3 2020 Solomon Islands is Bracing Itself for Tropical Cyclone Harold Solomon Times Solomon Times Online Retrieved April 2 2020 a b Australia donates emergency funds to Solomons amid cyclone Radio New Zealand April 3 2020 Retrieved April 2 2020 TC Harold batters Solomon Islands as it heads to Vanuatu Loop Pacific Trend Media Inc April 4 2020 Retrieved April 3 2020 Nolan Jimmy April 3 2020 Bridge Washed Away by Torrential Rain Solomon Times Solomon Times Online Retrieved April 3 2020 Wickham Dorothy April 3 2020 Ferry accident during Solomon Islands cyclone leaves 28 missing The Guardian Guardian News amp Media Limited Retrieved April 3 2020 RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee October 31 2022 Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South East Indian Ocean and the Southern Pacific Ocean 2022 PDF Report World Meteorological Organization pp I 4 II 9 9 21 Retrieved November 4 2022 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2019 20 South Pacific cyclone season World Meteorological Organization Australian Bureau of Meteorology Fiji Meteorological Service New Zealand MetService Joint Typhoon Warning Center Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 2019 20 South Pacific cyclone season amp oldid 1135193584, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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