fbpx
Wikipedia

2016 Summer Paralympics

February 15, 2024

The 2016 Summer Paralympics (Portuguese: Jogos Paralímpicos de Verão de 2016), the 15th Summer Paralympic Games, were a major international multi-sport event for athletes with disabilities governed by the International Paralympic Committee, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 7 to 18 September 2016. The Games marked the first time a Latin American and South American city hosted the event, the second Southern Hemisphere city and nation, the first one being the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney, and also the first time a Lusophone (Portuguese-speaking) country hosted the event.[1] These Games saw the introduction of two new sports to the Paralympic program: canoeing and the paratriathlon.

XV Paralympic Games
Host cityRio de Janeiro, Brazil
MottoA new world
(Portuguese: Um mundo novo)
Nations159
Athletes4,342
Events528 in 22 sports
Opening7 September
Closing18 September
Opened by
President Michel Temer
Cauldron
Clodoaldo Silva
StadiumMaracanã
Summer
Winter
2016 Summer Olympics

The lead-up to these Paralympics were met with financial shortcomings attributed to tepid sponsor interest and ticket sales, which resulted in cuts to volunteer staffing and transport, the re-location of events and the partial deconstruction of the Deodoro venue cluster. However, ticket sales began to increase as the Games drew nearer, and over two million tickets were sold in total—overtaking Beijing 2008 as the second-most-attended Paralympic Games on record.

A refugee Paralympic team was hosted for the first time, featuring two refugees from Iran and Syria respectively. For the fourth consecutive Summer Paralympics, China topped the medal table, winning 107 gold medals, followed by Great Britain and Ukraine, while Georgia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam won their first ever Paralympic gold medals. For the first time in Paralympic history, and the first time in the Olympics or Paralympics since 1960, an athlete—Iranian cyclist Bahman Golbarnezhad—died during competition.

Bidding process edit

Main article: Bids for the 2016 Summer Olympics

As part of a formal agreement between the International Paralympic Committee and the International Olympic Committee first established in 2001, the winner of the bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics was also to host the 2016 Summer Paralympics.[2] Following the third and final round of voting at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen on 2 October 2009, the right to host the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics were awarded to Rio de Janeiro.[3]

2016 Summer Olympics bidding results
City NOC/NPC Round 1 Round 2 Round 3
Rio de Janeiro   Brazil 26 46 66
Madrid   Spain 28 29 32
Tokyo   Japan 22 20 —
Chicago   United States 18 — —

Development and preparation edit

The 2007 Pan American Games and Parapan American Games in Rio de Janeiro marked the first time that the Pan Am Games and Parapan Am Games were hosted as parallel events in the same host city; Rio's organization of the two events helped provide the city with experience in hosting multi-sport events, and Paralympic sporting events. Andrew Parsons, president of the Brazilian Paralympic Committee, remarked that the organizing teams responsible for the Olympics and Paralympics were maintaining a good relationship and "speaking the same language" in relation to their organizational duties. Parsons praised how well-organized the 2012 Summer Paralympics were, and felt that his team had learned lessons from London that could be applied in Rio.[4]

Venues edit

Main article: Venues of the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics
 
Map of Rio de Janeiro showing the competition venues for the 2016 Summer Olympics.
 
Press conference at the 2016 Rio Paralympics with Mario Andrada, Sir Philip Craven and Craig Spence
 
Wheelchair repair. During the games Ottobock technicians repaired 2,745 wheelchairs, 438 prosthetics and 178 orthotics for 1,162 athletes.[5]
 
The Tennis Arena during the Paralympics competitions.

As had been common practice since the Olympics and Paralympics began to formally share host cities, the Paralympics' venues were shared with those of the 2016 Summer Olympics.[4] Barra da Tijuca hosted most of the venues, with the remainder located in Copacabana Beach, Maracanã and Deodoro. Barra da Tijuca also housed the athletes' village.[6]

Barra cluster edit

Deodoro cluster edit

Maracanã cluster edit

Copacabana cluster edit

Medals edit

 
Paralympic medals and the mascot Tom.

The medal design for the 2016 Olympics and Paralympics were unveiled on 14 June 2016; they were produced by the Casa da Moeda do Brasil. The bronze and silver medals contain 30% recycled materials, while the gold medals were produced using gold that had been mined and extracted using means that met a series of sustainability criteria, such as being extracted without the use of mercury. The obverse of the Paralympic medals feature the Paralympic emblem and an inscription in braille, while each medal contains differing numbers of metal balls to allow the visually impaired to audibly distinguish their color by shaking them. They are accompanied by a wooden carrying box, and a plush toy of Paralympic mascot Tom with hair leaves that match the medal's color.[7][8][9][10]

Ticketing edit

The initial financial shortcomings of the 2016 Paralympics were primarily attributed to slow ticket sales and poor public interest, despite the cheapest tickets only costing roughly a quarter of those for the Olympics.[11] During the Olympics, organizers stated that only 12% of an original target of 3.3 million tickets had been sold.[12] By early September, only half of the tickets to medal events had been sold.[11]

On 23 August 2016, Greg Nugent, who was head of marketing of the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics, began a campaign on Twitter known as "#FillTheSeats", encouraging users to donate money to supply local youth and people with disabilities with tickets to the Paralympics. Nugent began the campaign after noticing the large number of empty seats at competition venues during the 2016 Summer Olympics. Following endorsements of the campaign by prominent figures, such as British band Coldplay (which performed the closing ceremony in 2012), it raised over US$15,000 by 30 August. On 31 August 2016, the IPC and the Rio 2016 Organizing Committee announced that it would officially back the #FillTheSeats campaign, and set a new goal of $300,000—which the IPC said could be used to fund the distribution of 10,000 tickets, along with food and transport, for the opening ceremony to Brazilian scholars and disabled peoples.[13]

As part of a revised ticketing strategy, the organizers set a new target of 2.4 million tickets,[11] with the cheapest tickets costing R$10 (US$3) each.[14] Ticketing director Donovan Ferreti told The Guardian that a "last-minute" demand for tickets had begun to develop in the final days before the opening ceremony. He explained that the tickets were "really affordable" and "cheaper than going to see a movie", and would allow spectators to "have a great time with high-performance competition and have a great day out in the Olympic Park."[15][11] The low cost of tickets helped to attract attendees to the Paralympics—especially families, while athletes praised the large and energetic crowds that resulted.[16][15][11][17]

On the third day of the Games, the IPC announced that at least 1.8 million tickets had been sold—surpassing the 1.7 million of the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing as the second-largest Paralympics in terms of ticket sales.[18] The next day, Barra Olympic Park had a total attendance of 167,675, marking its largest overall attendance across a single day of competition during either the Olympics or Paralympics (the Olympics only reached a peak of around 157,000).[15] On 14 September, the IPC announced that sales had exceeded 2 million.[19]

Torch relay edit

Main article: 2016 Summer Paralympics torch relay

The Paralympic torch relay began with five individual flames being relayed to a city in each of the five regions of Brazil. These flames, as well as a sixth flame lit in Stoke Mandeville, Great Britain, were united to form a single Paralympic flame, which was relayed through Rio on 6 and 7 September 2016 en route to its lighting at the Maracanã during the opening ceremony.[20]

Route edit

Marketing edit

Emblem edit

 
Commemorative R$1 coins honouring the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.

The official emblem for the 2016 Summer Paralympics was designed by the Brazilian agency Tatíl Design, and unveiled on 26 November 2011 during the Christmas tree lighting at the Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas.[21][22][23] It consists of a heart incorporating the infinity symbol, representing a beating heart and an "infinite energy to overcome obstacles".[21] IPC president Philip Craven described the emblem as symbolizing the "heart" of athletes, who were the "heart" of the Paralympic movement.[23]

As with the Olympic emblem, the Paralympic emblem was designed so that it could also be rendered in two- and three-dimensional versions,[24] such as a sculpture that was used during the unveiling.[21]

Mascot edit

Main article: Vinicius and Tom
 
Tom (right), the mascot of the 2016 Summer Paralympics, and Vinicius (left), the mascot of the 2016 Summer Olympics

The official mascots of the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics were unveiled on 24 November 2014, with their respective names, Vinicius and Tom, chosen via a public vote whose results were announced on 14 December 2014. The Paralympic mascot, Tom, is named after Brazilian musician Tom Jobim; it represents Brazilian flora and "is always growing and overcoming obstacles." The mascots' fictional backstories state that they were both born from the joy of Brazilians after it was announced that Rio would host the Games. Brand director Beth Lula stated that the mascots are intended to reflect the diversity of Brazil's culture and people.[25][26][27]

The Games edit

Opening ceremony edit

Main article: 2016 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony
 
A group forms the flag of Brazil during the Brazilian national anthem at the opening ceremony.

The opening ceremony of the 2016 Summer Paralympics took place on the evening of 7 September 2016 at Maracanã Stadium, which was also Brazilian Independence Day. With the theme "Todo Mundo tem um Coração" ("Everybody Has a Heart"), the artistic portions of the ceremony featured sequences themed around inclusivity and the culture of Brazil.[28] The segment "Beyond Vision" was created by computation artist and designer Marcelo Coelho with projections by Muti Randolph.[29]

During the parade of nations, a Belarusian official carried a Russian flag alongside his delegation as solidarity towards the IPC's decision to ban Russia from the Games.[28] In the wake of ongoing protests over political instability in Brazil, spectators also booed organizing committee head Carlos Arthur Nuzman after he thanked local governments for their role in organizing the Games, and President Michel Temer whilst he opened the Games, in response to the recent impeachment of former president Dilma Rousseff.[30]

In an opening speech, IPC president Philip Craven invited viewers to "see the true meaning of sport and the true definition of ability", explaining that "in a country which has faced major challenges of late, Paralympians will switch your focus from perceived limitations, to a world full of possibility and endless opportunity. They will surprise you, inspire and excite you, but most of all they will change you." The Paralympic cauldron was lit by legendary Brazilian para-swimmer Clodoaldo Silva.[31][32]

Participating nations edit

4,342 athletes representing 159 National Paralympic Committees competed in Rio.[33] The number of athletes sent by each nation is shown beside its name. This is also the first Summer Paralympics event where Russia is not participating, owing to the doping allegations. Aruba, Congo, Malawi, São Tomé and Príncipe, Somalia, and Togo made their debut in the Summer Paralympics.[34]

The IPC unanimously voted to ban Russian athletes from the 2016 Summer Paralympics in response to the discovery of a state-sponsored doping program.[35][36] On 5 August 2016, the IPC announced that it would field a team of refugee athletes known as the Independent Paralympic Athletes Team, which competed under the Paralympic flag. The 2016 Summer Olympics similarly featured a team of 10 refugee athletes.[37] On 26 August 2016, the IPC announced the two members of the refugee team: swimmer Ibrahim Al Hussein of Syria (50 and 100 metre Freestyle S10), and Shahrad Nasajpour of Iran (F37 Discus).[37][38]

Participating National Paralympic Committees

Number of athletes by National Paralympic Committees (by highest to lowest) edit

Sports edit

Events in 22 sports were contested at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. Canoeing and paratriathlon made their Paralympic debut in Rio.[66]

Closing ceremony edit

Main article: 2016 Summer Paralympics closing ceremony
 
Maracanã Stadium minutes before the start of the closing ceremony.

The closing ceremony of the 2016 Summer Paralympics took place on the evening of 18 September 2016 at the Maracanã Stadium. The cultural program of the ceremony was a concert featuring performances by an array of mainstream Brazilian musicians, headlined by Ivete Sangalo and Gaby Amarantos. British singer Calum Scott joined Sangalo to perform "Transformar", the official promotional song of the Games. It also featured a cultural presentation by Tokyo, host of the 2020 Summer Paralympics[67]

IPC president Philip Craven led a moment of silence for Iranian cyclist Bahman Golbarnezhad (who was killed the day before in a road cycling accident), stating that his death had "affected us all and left the whole Paralympic Movement united in grief."[68][69] Craven went on to praise Brazil's reception to the Games and the overall performances of athletes, stating that people "were in awe at what you could do and forgot about what they believed you could not. You showed to the world that with a positive attitude the human body, and above all the human heart and mind, knows no limits and absolutely anything is possible." Craven also announced that he would bestow the Paralympic Order—the IPC's highest honour, on the people of Brazil and Rio de Janeiro for their "outstanding support" of the Paralympics.[70][71]

Calendar edit

See also: Chronological summary of the 2016 Summer Paralympics

All dates are Brasília Time (UTC–3)

OC Opening ceremony ● Event competitions 1 Gold medal events CC Closing ceremony
 
September 7
Wed 		8
Thu 		9
Fri 		10
Sat 		11
Sun 		12
Mon 		13
Tue 		14
Wed 		15
Thu 		16
Fri 		17
Sat 		18
Sun 		Events
  Ceremonies OC CC —
  Archery ● 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 9
  Athletics 10 20 16 19 14 19 14 19 16 25 5 177
  Boccia ● ● 3 ● ● ● 4 7
  Paracanoe ● 6 6
Cycling   Road 8 8 8 9 50
  Track 4 5 5 3
  Equestrian (dressage) ● ● 1 2 2 6 11
Football   5-a-side ● ● ● ● 1 2
  7-a-side ● ● ● ● 1
  Goalball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 2 2
  Judo 4 4 5 13
  Powerlifting 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 20
  Rowing ● ● 4 4
  Sailing ● ● ● ● ● 3 3
  Shooting 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 12
  Sitting volleyball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
  Swimming 16 16 14 15 16 15 15 14 16 15 152
  Table tennis ● ● ● 5 8 8 ● ● 4 4 29
  Paratriathlon 3 3 6
  Wheelchair basketball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
  Wheelchair fencing 2 4 4 2 2 14
  Wheelchair rugby ● ● ● ● 1 1
  Wheelchair tennis ● ● ● ● 1 1 2 2 6
Daily medal events 0 38 50 48 54 48 54 50 54 65 61 6 528
Cumulative total 0 38 88 136 190 238 292 342 396 461 522 528
September 7
Wed 		8
Thu 		9
Fri 		10
Sat 		11
Sun 		12
Mon 		13
Tue 		14
Wed 		15
Thu 		16
Fri 		17
Sat 		18
Sun 		Events


Medal table edit

Main article: 2016 Summer Paralympics medal table

  *   Host nation (Brazil)

2016 Summer Paralympics medal table
RankNPCGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1  China (CHN)1078151239
2  Great Britain (GBR)643944147
3  Ukraine (UKR)413739117
4  United States (USA)404431115
5  Australia (AUS)22302981
6  Germany (GER)18251457
7  Netherlands (NED)17192662
8  Brazil (BRA)*14292972
9  Italy (ITA)10141539
10  Poland (POL)9181239
11–83Remaining187193249629
Totals (83 entries)5295295391597

Podium Sweeps edit

Records edit

Main article: World and Paralympic records set at the 2016 Summer Paralympics

Broadcasting edit

On 24 August 2016, the IPC announced that Dailymotion would serve as the official online streaming partner for the 2016 Summer Paralympics, offering 15 English-language streaming channels with full broadcasts of athletics, cycling, football, judo, powerlifting, sitting volleyball, swimming, table tennis, wheelchair basketball, wheelchair fencing, wheelchair rugby and wheelchair tennis events, as well as the ceremonies, highlights from all events, news programmes, and other original content. In total, the IPC stated that around 680 hours of content would be streamed over the 11-day event, with at least 72 hours per-day.[72]

Television rights were also sold to individual countries: Grupo Globo held rights in Brazil, with coverage shown on Rede Globo and SporTV. Globo also sublicensed over-the-air rights to the public network TV Brasil.[73]

In the United Kingdom, Channel 4 broadcast the Games as its second Summer Paralympics, promising 500 hours of coverage.[74][75] As a follow-up to its "Meet the Superhumans" trailer for the 2012 Paralympics, Channel 4 produced a trailer entitled "We're the Superhumans",[76] which would win a Cannes Lions Grand Prix for film.[77]

In Australia, the Seven Network held rights, complementing a new long-term rights deal for the Olympics. Seven plans to broadcast 14 hours per-day of coverage on television. Coverage was primarily broadcast by its digital channel 7Two and Seven's digital platforms, as well as a Paralympics-specific app.[78][79][80]

In Canada, CBC, Sportsnet One and AMI-tv held broadcast rights, promoting 1000 hours of coverage in total on television and the CBC Sports website. CBC Television aired the ceremonies, a nightly recap show, and afternoon and evening coverage blocks on weekends.[81]

In Latin America (except Brazil), Claro Sports, ESPN and Fox Sports held the rights broadcast the 2016 Summer Paralympics.[82]

NBC acquired the rights to the 2014 and 2016 Paralympics in September 2013. NBC planned extensive coverage for both games, capitalizing on its newly acquired status of an official Paralympic broadcaster in the United States.[83][84]

In Sweden, state broadcaster SVT broadcast the Games, planning 300 hours of coverage on television and digital platforms, as well as a nightly highlights show.[85][86]

In Poland, state broadcaster TVP broadcast the games for the first time.[citation needed]

In New Zealand, Attitude Pictures and Television New Zealand partnered to broadcast 180 hours of live and delayed television coverage, plus on-demand highlights through their respective digital platforms.[87]

Concerns and controversies edit

Budget cuts edit

The budget of the 2016 Summer Paralympics faced several rounds of cuts, although the Rio 2016 Organizing Committee did not provide specific details on the deficits.[88][89]

In mid-August 2016, it was reported that the Rio 2016 Organizing Committee had failed to timely deliver US$8 million in travel grants that were intended to be paid out at the end of July. Without these grants, National Paralympic Committees may have had to cover a larger share of the cost of transporting their athletes to the Games, while some (particularly those in African and Asian regions) might not have been able to afford sending their athletes to Rio at all.[90] On 15 August 2016, a spokesperson for the organizing committee credited the financial issues to the political climate making it harder to reach sponsorship deals, as well as ticket sales being below expectations. However, the spokesperson noted that the ongoing Olympics were helping to attract interest from potential sponsors. The ROC stated that it planned to deliver the money by the end of the month and that there was "no intention" to "compromise the Paralympic experience". Mayor of Rio Eduardo Paes offered to provide US$47 million in funding to the Games to address these shortcomings, but a federal court blocked the further provision of public funding to the ROC pending the inspection of its financial records.[89]

IPC president Philip Craven stated that "although the situation is pretty precarious, rumours that the Games may not go ahead or that sports may be cut are totally unfounded and not true. Our aim right now is to bring in additional funding and resources in order to deliver the Games at the service levels expected by all stakeholders, most importantly the athletes", and "if no more funding is available then the Organising Committee's additional cuts will start to impact on the services offered to the athletes who have dedicated years of their lives to reach and compete at these Games. This is the last thing that we want to do."[91] On 19 August 2016, the IPC stated that the organising committee had made infrastructural reductions for the Games as a budgetary measure, including reducing the amount of transport services and the number of media centres, moving the wheelchair fencing events from Youth Arena to Carioca Arena 3, as well as closing and dismantling Deodoro Olympic Park so that the remaining venues in the cluster can act as "three standalone venues with dedicated transport hubs."[92] Some public parties and gatherings related to the Games were also cancelled.[90][11]

Of these changes, Craven stated that "it's in our Paralympic DNA to see obstacles as an opportunity to do things differently and that's what we are doing here. We are problem solvers by nature and fight for what we believe in", and iterated that he was "fully confident Rio 2016 will be the best Games ever in terms of athletic performance."[93][94] Craven explained that "We want full participation here. We want all eligible countries to send their athletes to the Games. It's what the athletes deserve, and it is what the athletes want after years of training and dedication."[93] The injunction was lifted on 18 August 2016, resulting in Paes offering R$150 million in public money to fund the Games. R$100 million worth of sponsorship deals were also reached with the federal government via state-run enterprises.[92][93] The funding was eventually delivered, ensuring that all 165 delegations would be able to attend the Games.[14]

Death of road cyclist edit

 
Bahman Golbarnezhad, hours before death

On 17 September 2016, during the men's C4-5 road cycling event, Iranian cyclist Bahman Golbarnejhad crashed on a "mountainous stretch" of the circuit in Grumari; after being treated on site for head injuries, he experienced cardiac arrest during ambulance transport. Golbarnejhad died at Unimed Rio hospital after another cardiac arrest.[95] This marked the first instance of a death in Paralympic competition, and the first death in an Olympic or Paralympic competition since that of Danish cyclist Knud Enemark Jensen at a time trial in the 1960 Summer Olympics.[95]

The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) announced that it would investigate the incident, and the I. R. Iran National Paralympic Committee requested a report on the incident from the IPC. IPC president Philip Craven expressed condolences for Golbarnezhad, stating that "the Paralympic Family is united in grief at this horrendous tragedy which casts a shadow over what have been great Paralympic Games here in Rio."[96][97]

The Iranian and Paralympic flags in the athletes' village were flown at half-mast, as well as the Paralympic flag at Riocentro. A moment of silence was observed during the closing ceremony.[98]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games". BBC News. 2 October 2009. Retrieved 4 October 2009.
  2. ^ "Paralympics 2012: London to host 'first truly global Games'". BBC Sport. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
  3. ^ "Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games". BBC. 2 October 2009. Retrieved 2 March 2010.
  4. ^ a b Wilson, Bill (9 September 2012). "Rio up and running for 2016 Paralympic Games". BBC News. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
  5. ^ "Rio 2016 Paralympic Games — Ottobock". Retrieved 9 October 2016.
  6. ^ . Rio 2016. Archived from the original on 9 August 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
  7. ^ "Rio 2016: Olympic Games and Paralympic medal designs revealed". BBC Sport. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
  8. ^ . Rio 2016 Organizing Committee. Archived from the original on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
  9. ^ "Innovative medal design unveiled for Rio 2016". IOC. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
  10. ^ Busbee, Jay (10 August 2016). "Rio mystery solved: Why don't Olympic medal winners get flowers?". Yahoo! Sports. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
  11. ^ a b c d e f "Rio chiefs fear Paralympics could fall flat as seats remain empty". The Guardian. 3 September 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
  12. ^ "Rio Paralympics 2016: More sports, Russia banned and slow ticket sales". BBC Sport. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
  13. ^ "Coldplay endorsement boosts #FillTheSeats Paralympics campaign". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
  14. ^ a b "Paralympics ready for lift-off amid cautious optimism of further progress". The Guardian. 6 September 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
  15. ^ a b c "Rio 2016 is the second-most attended Paralympic Games in history". The Guardian. 10 September 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
  16. ^ "Inexpensive tickets make for family-friendly crowds at Rio's Paralympics". CBC News. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  17. ^ "Rio's Paralympics—seemingly imperiled before they began—have shown dazzling signs of life instead". National Post. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
  18. ^ "Rio 2016 Paralympic ticket sales exceed 1.8 million". IPC. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
  19. ^ "Paralympics ticket sales exceed two million". IPC. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  20. ^ . Rio Organizing Committee. 27 April 2015. Archived from the original on 9 August 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
  21. ^ a b c "Rio 2016 Paralympic Games logo launched". Creative Review. 30 November 2011. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
  22. ^ Nudd, Tim (14 August 2012). "Hated the London 2012 Logo? You Might Like Rio 2016 Better Brazil's Tatíl Design tells story of its creation". Adweek. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
  23. ^ a b . Rio 2016 Organizing Committee. Archived from the original on 9 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
  24. ^ "Rio 2016 motif is "first 3D logo in the history of the Olympics" says designer". Dezeen. 11 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
  25. ^ . Rio 2016 Organising Committee for the Olympic Games. Archived from the original on 27 December 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
  26. ^ "Rio 2016: Olympic and Paralympic mascots launched". BBC Sport. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
  27. ^ "Rio 2016 mascots inspired by animals and plants of Brazil". Reuters. 15 December 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
  28. ^ a b "Rio Paralympics 2016: Brazil president booed at opening ceremony". BBC Sport. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  29. ^ Coelho, Marcelo; Grossman, Tovi (2017). "Crowd-Driven Pattern Formation: Computational Strategies for Large-Scale Design and Assembly". Architectural Design. 87 (4): 50–59. doi:10.1002/ad.2195. hdl:1721.1/132939.
  30. ^ "Newly-installed Brazilian President booed as he opens Rio 2016 Paralympic Games". InsideTheGames.biz. 7 September 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  31. ^ "Games on! Brazil welcomes the Paralympics". IPC. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  32. ^ "In Paralympics Opening Ceremony, Amy Purdy of 'Dancing With the Stars' rocks her running blades". Washington Post. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  33. ^ "Comoros and Liberia miss final cut at Rio 2016 Paralympics to leave 159 countries set to compete". insidethegames. 7 September 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  34. ^ Herbert, Ian (6 September 2016). "Paralympics 2016: With more athletes and bigger TV deals, Rio can build on London's legacy". The Independent. from the original on 9 March 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  35. ^ "Rio Paralympics 2016: Russian athletes banned after doping scandal". BBC Sport. 7 August 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  36. ^ IPC Media Centre (7 August 2016). "The IPC suspends the Russian Paralympic Committee with immediate effect". paralympic.org. International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  37. ^ a b "Rio Paralympics: Two refugee Para-athletes named for Rio Paralympics". BBC Sport. Retrieved 26 August 2016.
  38. ^ "Ibrahim Al Hussein spreads message of hope". IPC. Retrieved 26 August 2016.
  39. ^ a b c d e . Rio 2016 Official Website. Archived from the original on 21 March 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
  40. ^ "Conhecida selecção para Jogos Paralímpicos Rio'2016". ANGOP. 21 July 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  41. ^ "Conhecida PROGRAMA DE COMPETIÇÕES DE ANGOLA NOS JOGOS PARALÍMPICOS". Comité Paralímpico Angolano. 8 September 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  42. ^ "2016 Australian Paralympic Team receives nine extra spots". Australian Paralympic Committee News, 29 August 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
  43. ^ a b c "Athletes from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Iran, China and USA are first to qualify for Rio 2016". Rio 2016 Official Website. 20 June 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
  44. ^ "Paralimpíada: de olho no top 5, Brasil convoca delegação recorde". globoesporte.com (in Portuguese). 19 July 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  45. ^ "Brasil ganha mais seis vagas na Rio 2016, e CPB anuncia os convocados". globoesporte.com (in Portuguese). 25 August 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  46. ^ "China to send biggest ever team to Rio Paralympics". China Daily. Retrieved 26 August 2016.
  47. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "RESULTS BOOK 2014 IPC Shooting World Championships Suhl, Germany (Olympic quotas page 49)" (PDF). 30 August 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
  48. ^ "#HeroesEnRio: El sueño continúa…" [Heroes in Rio. The dream continues ...]. MCL Deportes (in Spanish). 4 September 2016.
  49. ^ "Krista Mørkøre við til Paralympisku leikirnar í Rio" (in Faroese). Ítróttasambandið fyri brekað. 20 April 2016. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
  50. ^ a b c "Five goalball teams book their places at Rio 2016 Paralympic Games". Rio 2016 Official Website. 5 July 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
  51. ^ <

February 15, 2024
2016, summer, paralympics, portuguese, jogos, paralímpicos, verão, 2016, 15th, summer, paralympic, games, were, major, international, multi, sport, event, athletes, with, disabilities, governed, international, paralympic, committee, held, janeiro, brazil, from. The 2016 Summer Paralympics Portuguese Jogos Paralimpicos de Verao de 2016 the 15th Summer Paralympic Games were a major international multi sport event for athletes with disabilities governed by the International Paralympic Committee held in Rio de Janeiro Brazil from 7 to 18 September 2016 The Games marked the first time a Latin American and South American city hosted the event the second Southern Hemisphere city and nation the first one being the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney and also the first time a Lusophone Portuguese speaking country hosted the event 1 These Games saw the introduction of two new sports to the Paralympic program canoeing and the paratriathlon XV Paralympic GamesHost cityRio de Janeiro BrazilMottoA new world Portuguese Um mundo novo Nations159Athletes4 342Events528 in 22 sportsOpening7 SeptemberClosing18 SeptemberOpened byPresident Michel TemerCauldronClodoaldo SilvaStadiumMaracanaSummer London 2012Tokyo 2020 Winter Sochi 2014Pyeongchang 2018 2016 Summer OlympicsThe lead up to these Paralympics were met with financial shortcomings attributed to tepid sponsor interest and ticket sales which resulted in cuts to volunteer staffing and transport the re location of events and the partial deconstruction of the Deodoro venue cluster However ticket sales began to increase as the Games drew nearer and over two million tickets were sold in total overtaking Beijing 2008 as the second most attended Paralympic Games on record A refugee Paralympic team was hosted for the first time featuring two refugees from Iran and Syria respectively For the fourth consecutive Summer Paralympics China topped the medal table winning 107 gold medals followed by Great Britain and Ukraine while Georgia Kazakhstan Malaysia Uzbekistan and Vietnam won their first ever Paralympic gold medals For the first time in Paralympic history and the first time in the Olympics or Paralympics since 1960 an athlete Iranian cyclist Bahman Golbarnezhad died during competition Contents 1 Bidding process 2 Development and preparation 2 1 Venues 2 1 1 Barra cluster 2 1 2 Deodoro cluster 2 1 3 Maracana cluster 2 1 4 Copacabana cluster 2 2 Medals 2 3 Ticketing 3 Torch relay 3 1 Route 4 Marketing 4 1 Emblem 4 2 Mascot 5 The Games 5 1 Opening ceremony 5 2 Participating nations 5 2 1 Number of athletes by National Paralympic Committees by highest to lowest 5 3 Sports 5 4 Closing ceremony 6 Calendar 7 Medal table 7 1 Podium Sweeps 8 Records 9 Broadcasting 10 Concerns and controversies 10 1 Budget cuts 10 2 Death of road cyclist 11 See also 12 References 13 External linksBidding process editMain article Bids for the 2016 Summer Olympics As part of a formal agreement between the International Paralympic Committee and the International Olympic Committee first established in 2001 the winner of the bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics was also to host the 2016 Summer Paralympics 2 Following the third and final round of voting at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen on 2 October 2009 the right to host the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics were awarded to Rio de Janeiro 3 2016 Summer Olympics bidding resultsCity NOC NPC Round 1 Round 2 Round 3Rio de Janeiro nbsp Brazil 26 46 66Madrid nbsp Spain 28 29 32Tokyo nbsp Japan 22 20 Chicago nbsp United States 18 Development and preparation editThe 2007 Pan American Games and Parapan American Games in Rio de Janeiro marked the first time that the Pan Am Games and Parapan Am Games were hosted as parallel events in the same host city Rio s organization of the two events helped provide the city with experience in hosting multi sport events and Paralympic sporting events Andrew Parsons president of the Brazilian Paralympic Committee remarked that the organizing teams responsible for the Olympics and Paralympics were maintaining a good relationship and speaking the same language in relation to their organizational duties Parsons praised how well organized the 2012 Summer Paralympics were and felt that his team had learned lessons from London that could be applied in Rio 4 Venues edit Main article Venues of the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics nbsp Map of Rio de Janeiro showing the competition venues for the 2016 Summer Olympics nbsp Press conference at the 2016 Rio Paralympics with Mario Andrada Sir Philip Craven and Craig Spence nbsp Wheelchair repair During the games Ottobock technicians repaired 2 745 wheelchairs 438 prosthetics and 178 orthotics for 1 162 athletes 5 nbsp The Tennis Arena during the Paralympics competitions As had been common practice since the Olympics and Paralympics began to formally share host cities the Paralympics venues were shared with those of the 2016 Summer Olympics 4 Barra da Tijuca hosted most of the venues with the remainder located in Copacabana Beach Maracana and Deodoro Barra da Tijuca also housed the athletes village 6 Barra cluster edit Carioca Arena 1 Wheelchair basketball wheelchair rugby Carioca Arena 2 Boccia Carioca Arena 3 Judo wheelchair fencing Future Arena Goalball Olympic Aquatics Stadium Swimming Olympic Tennis Centre 5 a side football wheelchair tennis Pontal Beach Road cycling Riocentro Powerlifting Sitting volleyball table tennis Rio Olympic Arena Wheelchair basketball Rio Olympic Velodrome Track cyclingDeodoro cluster edit National Shooting Center shooting National Equestrian Center equestrian Deodoro Stadium 7 a side footballMaracana cluster edit Maracana Stadium opening and closing ceremonies Estadio Olimpico Joao Havelange athletics track and field Sambadrome Marques de Sapucai archeryCopacabana cluster edit Fort Copacabana Athletics Triathlon and Road Cycling Marina da Gloria sailing Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas canoeing and rowingMedals edit nbsp Paralympic medals and the mascot Tom The medal design for the 2016 Olympics and Paralympics were unveiled on 14 June 2016 they were produced by the Casa da Moeda do Brasil The bronze and silver medals contain 30 recycled materials while the gold medals were produced using gold that had been mined and extracted using means that met a series of sustainability criteria such as being extracted without the use of mercury The obverse of the Paralympic medals feature the Paralympic emblem and an inscription in braille while each medal contains differing numbers of metal balls to allow the visually impaired to audibly distinguish their color by shaking them They are accompanied by a wooden carrying box and a plush toy of Paralympic mascot Tom with hair leaves that match the medal s color 7 8 9 10 Ticketing edit The initial financial shortcomings of the 2016 Paralympics were primarily attributed to slow ticket sales and poor public interest despite the cheapest tickets only costing roughly a quarter of those for the Olympics 11 During the Olympics organizers stated that only 12 of an original target of 3 3 million tickets had been sold 12 By early September only half of the tickets to medal events had been sold 11 On 23 August 2016 Greg Nugent who was head of marketing of the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics began a campaign on Twitter known as FillTheSeats encouraging users to donate money to supply local youth and people with disabilities with tickets to the Paralympics Nugent began the campaign after noticing the large number of empty seats at competition venues during the 2016 Summer Olympics Following endorsements of the campaign by prominent figures such as British band Coldplay which performed the closing ceremony in 2012 it raised over US 15 000 by 30 August On 31 August 2016 the IPC and the Rio 2016 Organizing Committee announced that it would officially back the FillTheSeats campaign and set a new goal of 300 000 which the IPC said could be used to fund the distribution of 10 000 tickets along with food and transport for the opening ceremony to Brazilian scholars and disabled peoples 13 As part of a revised ticketing strategy the organizers set a new target of 2 4 million tickets 11 with the cheapest tickets costing R 10 US 3 each 14 Ticketing director Donovan Ferreti told The Guardian that a last minute demand for tickets had begun to develop in the final days before the opening ceremony He explained that the tickets were really affordable and cheaper than going to see a movie and would allow spectators to have a great time with high performance competition and have a great day out in the Olympic Park 15 11 The low cost of tickets helped to attract attendees to the Paralympics especially families while athletes praised the large and energetic crowds that resulted 16 15 11 17 On the third day of the Games the IPC announced that at least 1 8 million tickets had been sold surpassing the 1 7 million of the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing as the second largest Paralympics in terms of ticket sales 18 The next day Barra Olympic Park had a total attendance of 167 675 marking its largest overall attendance across a single day of competition during either the Olympics or Paralympics the Olympics only reached a peak of around 157 000 15 On 14 September the IPC announced that sales had exceeded 2 million 19 Torch relay editMain article 2016 Summer Paralympics torch relay The Paralympic torch relay began with five individual flames being relayed to a city in each of the five regions of Brazil These flames as well as a sixth flame lit in Stoke Mandeville Great Britain were united to form a single Paralympic flame which was relayed through Rio on 6 and 7 September 2016 en route to its lighting at the Maracana during the opening ceremony 20 Route editMarketing editEmblem edit nbsp Commemorative R 1 coins honouring the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics The official emblem for the 2016 Summer Paralympics was designed by the Brazilian agency Tatil Design and unveiled on 26 November 2011 during the Christmas tree lighting at the Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas 21 22 23 It consists of a heart incorporating the infinity symbol representing a beating heart and an infinite energy to overcome obstacles 21 IPC president Philip Craven described the emblem as symbolizing the heart of athletes who were the heart of the Paralympic movement 23 As with the Olympic emblem the Paralympic emblem was designed so that it could also be rendered in two and three dimensional versions 24 such as a sculpture that was used during the unveiling 21 Mascot edit Main article Vinicius and Tom nbsp Tom right the mascot of the 2016 Summer Paralympics and Vinicius left the mascot of the 2016 Summer OlympicsThe official mascots of the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics were unveiled on 24 November 2014 with their respective names Vinicius and Tom chosen via a public vote whose results were announced on 14 December 2014 The Paralympic mascot Tom is named after Brazilian musician Tom Jobim it represents Brazilian flora and is always growing and overcoming obstacles The mascots fictional backstories state that they were both born from the joy of Brazilians after it was announced that Rio would host the Games Brand director Beth Lula stated that the mascots are intended to reflect the diversity of Brazil s culture and people 25 26 27 The Games editOpening ceremony edit Main article 2016 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony nbsp A group forms the flag of Brazil during the Brazilian national anthem at the opening ceremony The opening ceremony of the 2016 Summer Paralympics took place on the evening of 7 September 2016 at Maracana Stadium which was also Brazilian Independence Day With the theme Todo Mundo tem um Coracao Everybody Has a Heart the artistic portions of the ceremony featured sequences themed around inclusivity and the culture of Brazil 28 The segment Beyond Vision was created by computation artist and designer Marcelo Coelho with projections by Muti Randolph 29 During the parade of nations a Belarusian official carried a Russian flag alongside his delegation as solidarity towards the IPC s decision to ban Russia from the Games 28 In the wake of ongoing protests over political instability in Brazil spectators also booed organizing committee head Carlos Arthur Nuzman after he thanked local governments for their role in organizing the Games and President Michel Temer whilst he opened the Games in response to the recent impeachment of former president Dilma Rousseff 30 In an opening speech IPC president Philip Craven invited viewers to see the true meaning of sport and the true definition of ability explaining that in a country which has faced major challenges of late Paralympians will switch your focus from perceived limitations to a world full of possibility and endless opportunity They will surprise you inspire and excite you but most of all they will change you The Paralympic cauldron was lit by legendary Brazilian para swimmer Clodoaldo Silva 31 32 Participating nations edit 4 342 athletes representing 159 National Paralympic Committees competed in Rio 33 The number of athletes sent by each nation is shown beside its name This is also the first Summer Paralympics event where Russia is not participating owing to the doping allegations Aruba Congo Malawi Sao Tome and Principe Somalia and Togo made their debut in the Summer Paralympics 34 The IPC unanimously voted to ban Russian athletes from the 2016 Summer Paralympics in response to the discovery of a state sponsored doping program 35 36 On 5 August 2016 the IPC announced that it would field a team of refugee athletes known as the Independent Paralympic Athletes Team which competed under the Paralympic flag The 2016 Summer Olympics similarly featured a team of 10 refugee athletes 37 On 26 August 2016 the IPC announced the two members of the refugee team swimmer Ibrahim Al Hussein of Syria 50 and 100 metre Freestyle S10 and Shahrad Nasajpour of Iran F37 Discus 37 38 Participating National Paralympic Committees nbsp Afghanistan 1 nbsp Algeria 60 39 nbsp Angola 4 40 41 nbsp Argentina 84 nbsp Armenia 2 nbsp Aruba 1 nbsp Australia 177 42 nbsp Austria 27 nbsp Azerbaijan 25 39 nbsp Bahrain 2 nbsp Belarus 20 39 nbsp Belgium 29 nbsp Benin 1 nbsp Bermuda 2 nbsp Bosnia and Herzegovina 14 43 nbsp Botswana 1 nbsp Brazil 285 44 45 nbsp Bulgaria 7 nbsp Burkina Faso 1 nbsp Burundi 1 nbsp Cambodia 1 nbsp Cameroon 1 nbsp Canada 153 nbsp Cape Verde 2 nbsp Central African Republic 1 nbsp Chile 15 nbsp China 308 46 47 43 nbsp Colombia 39 48 nbsp Comoros 1 nbsp Republic of the Congo 1 nbsp Costa Rica 3 nbsp Croatia 19 nbsp Cuba 22 nbsp Cyprus 2 nbsp Czech Republic 37 nbsp Denmark 21 47 nbsp Democratic Republic of the Congo 2 nbsp Dominican Republic 2 nbsp Ecuador 5 nbsp Egypt 45 nbsp El Salvador 1 nbsp Estonia 6 nbsp Ethiopia 5 nbsp Faroe Islands 1 49 nbsp Fiji 2 nbsp Finland 26 47 50 nbsp France 123 nbsp Gabon 1 nbsp The Gambia 1 nbsp Georgia 5 nbsp Germany 155 51 52 47 nbsp Ghana 3 nbsp Great Britain 264 53 nbsp Greece 60 nbsp Guatemala 1 nbsp Guinea 1 nbsp Guinea Bissau 1 nbsp Haiti 1 nbsp Honduras 2 nbsp Hong Kong 24 54 nbsp Hungary 43 47 nbsp Iceland 5 nbsp India 19 nbsp Indonesia 9 55 nbsp Individual Paralympic Athletes 2 56 nbsp Iran 110 nbsp Iraq 14 nbsp Ireland 44 57 nbsp Israel 33 nbsp Italy 101 nbsp Ivory Coast 5 nbsp Jamaica 3 nbsp Japan 132 47 nbsp Jordan 10 nbsp Kazakhstan 11 nbsp Kenya 19 nbsp Kuwait 6 nbsp Kyrgyzstan 3 47 nbsp Laos 1 nbsp Latvia 11 nbsp Lesotho 2 nbsp Libya 3 nbsp Lithuania 13 nbsp Luxembourg 3 nbsp Macau 1 58 nbsp Macedonia 2 47 nbsp Madagascar 1 nbsp Malawi 1 nbsp Malaysia 19 nbsp Mali 2 nbsp Malta 1 nbsp Mauritius 2 nbsp Mexico 71 nbsp Moldova 3 nbsp Mongolia 8 47 nbsp Montenegro 2 nbsp Morocco 26 39 nbsp Mozambique 1 nbsp Myanmar 2 nbsp Namibia 10 59 nbsp Nepal 2 nbsp Netherlands 120 nbsp New Zealand 31 60 nbsp Nicaragua 3 nbsp Niger 2 nbsp Nigeria 23 nbsp North Korea 2 nbsp Norway 25 47 nbsp Oman 2 nbsp Pakistan 1 nbsp Palestine 1 nbsp Panama 2 nbsp Papua New Guinea 2 nbsp Peru 6 nbsp Philippines 5 61 nbsp Poland 90 47 nbsp Portugal 37 62 nbsp Puerto Rico 4 nbsp Qatar 3 nbsp Romania 12 nbsp Rwanda 13 nbsp Samoa 2 nbsp Sao Tome and Principe 1 nbsp Saudi Arabia 3 nbsp Senegal 2 nbsp Serbia 16 47 nbsp Seychelles 1 nbsp Sierra Leone 1 nbsp Singapore 13 nbsp Slovakia 28 47 nbsp Slovenia 8 47 nbsp Somalia 1 nbsp South Africa 44 nbsp South Korea 82 47 nbsp Spain 113 nbsp Sri Lanka 9 nbsp Suriname 1 nbsp Sweden 58 63 nbsp Switzerland 24 nbsp Syria 2 nbsp Chinese Taipei 13 nbsp Tajikistan 1 nbsp Tanzania 1 nbsp Thailand 45 nbsp East Timor 2 nbsp Togo 1 nbsp Tonga 2 nbsp Trinidad and Tobago 3 nbsp Tunisia 31 nbsp Turkey 81 47 50 nbsp Turkmenistan 2 nbsp Uganda 1 nbsp Ukraine 168 64 47 nbsp United Arab Emirates 18 47 nbsp United States 279 47 43 50 nbsp Uruguay 4 nbsp Uzbekistan 32 39 nbsp Venezuela 23 citation needed nbsp Vietnam 11 nbsp Virgin Islands 1 nbsp Zimbabwe 6 65 Number of athletes by National Paralympic Committees by highest to lowest edit IPC Country AthletesCHN nbsp China 308BRA nbsp Brazil 285USA nbsp United States 279GBR nbsp Great Britain 264RUS nbsp Russia 322AUS nbsp Australia 177UKR nbsp Ukraine 168GER nbsp Germany 155CAN nbsp Canada 153JPN nbsp Japan 132FRA nbsp France 126NED nbsp Netherlands 120ESP nbsp Spain 113IRI nbsp Iran 110ITA nbsp Italy 101POL nbsp Poland 90ARG nbsp Argentina 84KOR nbsp South Korea 82TUR nbsp Turkey 81MEX nbsp Mexico 71ALG nbsp Algeria 60SWE nbsp Sweden 58RSA nbsp South Africa 44EGY nbsp Egypt 45THA nbsp Thailand 45IRL nbsp Ireland 44HUN nbsp Hungary 43COL nbsp Colombia 39CZE nbsp Czech Republic 37POR nbsp Portugal 37ISR nbsp Israel 33UZB nbsp Uzbekistan 32NZL nbsp New Zealand 31TUN nbsp Tunisia 31BEL nbsp Belgium 29SVK nbsp Slovakia 28AUT nbsp Austria 27FIN nbsp Finland 26MAR nbsp Morocco 26AZE nbsp Azerbaijan 25NOR nbsp Norway 25HKG nbsp Hong Kong 24SUI nbsp Switzerland 24VEN nbsp Venezuela 23CUB nbsp Cuba 22DEN nbsp Denmark 21BLR nbsp Belarus 20CRO nbsp Croatia 19IND nbsp India 19KEN nbsp Kenya 19MAS nbsp Malaysia 19UAE nbsp United Arab Emirates 18SRB nbsp Serbia 16CHI nbsp Chile 15BIH nbsp Bosnia and Herzegovina 14IRQ nbsp Iraq 14LTU nbsp Lithuania 13RWA nbsp Rwanda 13SIN nbsp Singapore 13TPE nbsp Chinese Taipei 13ROU nbsp Romania 12KAZ nbsp Kazakhstan 11LAT nbsp Latvia 11VIE nbsp Vietnam 11JOR nbsp Jordan 10NAM nbsp Namibia 10SRI nbsp Sri Lanka 9INA nbsp Indonesia 9PUR nbsp Puerto Rico 9MGL nbsp Mongolia 8SLO nbsp Slovenia 8BUL nbsp Bulgaria 7EST nbsp Estonia 6KUW nbsp Kuwait 6PER nbsp Peru 6ZIM nbsp Zimbabwe 6ECU nbsp Ecuador 5ETH nbsp Ethiopia 5GEO nbsp Georgia 5ISL nbsp Iceland 5CIV nbsp Ivory Coast 5PHI nbsp Philippines 5ANG nbsp Angola 4URU nbsp Uruguay 4CRC nbsp Costa Rica 3GHA nbsp Ghana 3JAM nbsp Jamaica 3KGZ nbsp Kyrgyzstan 3LBA nbsp Libya 3LUX nbsp Luxembourg 3MDA nbsp Moldova 3QAT nbsp Qatar 3KSA nbsp Saudi Arabia 3TRI nbsp Trinidad and Tobago 3ARM nbsp Armenia 2BRN nbsp Bahrain 2BER nbsp Bermuda 2CPV nbsp Cape Verde 2CYP nbsp Cyprus 2COD nbsp Democratic Republic of the Congo 2DOM nbsp Dominican Republic 2FIJ nbsp Fiji 2HON nbsp Honduras 2IPA nbsp Individual Paralympic Athletes 2LES nbsp Lesotho 2MLI nbsp Mali 2MRI nbsp Mauritius 2MNE nbsp Montenegro 2MYA nbsp Myanmar 2NEP nbsp Nepal 2NCA nbsp Nicaragua 2NIG nbsp Niger 2NGE nbsp Madagascar 2PRK nbsp North Korea 2OMA nbsp Oman 2PAN nbsp Panama 2PNG nbsp Papua New Guinea 2SAM nbsp Samoa 2SEN nbsp Senegal 2SYR nbsp Syria 2TLS nbsp East Timor 2TGA nbsp Tonga 2TKM nbsp Turkmenistan 2MKD nbsp Macedonia 1AFG nbsp Afghanistan 1ARU nbsp Aruba 1BEN nbsp Benin 1BOT nbsp Botswana 1BUR nbsp Burkina Faso 1BDI nbsp Burundi 1CAM nbsp Cambodia 1CMR nbsp Cameroon 1CAF nbsp Central African Republic 1CGO nbsp Republic of the Congo 1ESA nbsp El Salvador 1FRO nbsp Faroe Islands 1GAB nbsp Gabon 1GAM nbsp The Gambia 1GUA nbsp Guatemala 1GUI nbsp Guinea 1GBS nbsp Guinea Bissau 1HAI nbsp Haiti 1LAO nbsp Laos 1MAC nbsp Macau 1MAD nbsp Madagascar 1MAW nbsp Malawi 1MLT nbsp Malta 1MOZ nbsp Mozambique 1PAK nbsp Pakistan 1PLE nbsp Palestine 1STP nbsp Sao Tome and Principe 1SEY nbsp Seychelles 1SLE nbsp Sierra Leone 1SOM nbsp Somalia 1SUR nbsp Suriname 1TJK nbsp Tajikistan 1TAN nbsp Tanzania 1TOG nbsp Togo 1UGA nbsp Uganda 1ISV nbsp Virgin Islands 1Total 4 342Sports edit Events in 22 sports were contested at the 2016 Summer Paralympics Canoeing and paratriathlon made their Paralympic debut in Rio 66 nbsp Archery details nbsp Athletics details nbsp Boccia details nbsp Paracanoe details nbsp Cycling details nbsp Road nbsp Track nbsp Equestrian details nbsp Football 5 a side details nbsp Football 7 a side details nbsp Goalball details nbsp Judo details nbsp Paratriathlon details nbsp Powerlifting details nbsp Rowing details nbsp Sailing details nbsp Shooting details nbsp Swimming details nbsp Table tennis details nbsp Volleyball details nbsp Wheelchair basketball details nbsp Wheelchair fencing details nbsp Wheelchair rugby details nbsp Wheelchair tennis details Closing ceremony edit Main article 2016 Summer Paralympics closing ceremony nbsp Maracana Stadium minutes before the start of the closing ceremony The closing ceremony of the 2016 Summer Paralympics took place on the evening of 18 September 2016 at the Maracana Stadium The cultural program of the ceremony was a concert featuring performances by an array of mainstream Brazilian musicians headlined by Ivete Sangalo and Gaby Amarantos British singer Calum Scott joined Sangalo to perform Transformar the official promotional song of the Games It also featured a cultural presentation by Tokyo host of the 2020 Summer Paralympics 67 IPC president Philip Craven led a moment of silence for Iranian cyclist Bahman Golbarnezhad who was killed the day before in a road cycling accident stating that his death had affected us all and left the whole Paralympic Movement united in grief 68 69 Craven went on to praise Brazil s reception to the Games and the overall performances of athletes stating that people were in awe at what you could do and forgot about what they believed you could not You showed to the world that with a positive attitude the human body and above all the human heart and mind knows no limits and absolutely anything is possible Craven also announced that he would bestow the Paralympic Order the IPC s highest honour on the people of Brazil and Rio de Janeiro for their outstanding support of the Paralympics 70 71 Calendar editSee also Chronological summary of the 2016 Summer Paralympics All dates are Brasilia Time UTC 3 OC Opening ceremony Event competitions 1 Gold medal events CC Closing ceremony nbsp September 7Wed 8Thu 9Fri 10Sat 11Sun 12Mon 13Tue 14Wed 15Thu 16Fri 17Sat 18Sun Events nbsp Ceremonies OC CC nbsp Archery 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 9 nbsp Athletics 10 20 16 19 14 19 14 19 16 25 5 177 nbsp Boccia 3 4 7 nbsp Paracanoe 6 6Cycling nbsp Road 8 8 8 9 50 nbsp Track 4 5 5 3 nbsp Equestrian dressage 1 2 2 6 11Football nbsp 5 a side 1 2 nbsp 7 a side 1 nbsp Goalball 2 2 nbsp Judo 4 4 5 13 nbsp Powerlifting 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 20 nbsp Rowing 4 4 nbsp Sailing 3 3 nbsp Shooting 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 12 nbsp Sitting volleyball 1 1 2 nbsp Swimming 16 16 14 15 16 15 15 14 16 15 152 nbsp Table tennis 5 8 8 4 4 29 nbsp Paratriathlon 3 3 6 nbsp Wheelchair basketball 1 1 2 nbsp Wheelchair fencing 2 4 4 2 2 14 nbsp Wheelchair rugby 1 1 nbsp Wheelchair tennis 1 1 2 2 6Daily medal events 0 38 50 48 54 48 54 50 54 65 61 6 528Cumulative total 0 38 88 136 190 238 292 342 396 461 522 528September 7Wed 8Thu 9Fri 10Sat 11Sun 12Mon 13Tue 14Wed 15Thu 16Fri 17Sat 18Sun EventsMedal table editMain article 2016 Summer Paralympics medal table Host nation Brazil 2016 Summer Paralympics medal tableRankNPCGoldSilverBronzeTotal1 nbsp China CHN 10781512392 nbsp Great Britain GBR 6439441473 nbsp Ukraine UKR 4137391174 nbsp United States USA 4044311155 nbsp Australia AUS 223029816 nbsp Germany GER 182514577 nbsp Netherlands NED 171926628 nbsp Brazil BRA 142929729 nbsp Italy ITA 1014153910 nbsp Poland POL 918123911 83Remaining187193249629Totals 83 entries 5295295391597Podium Sweeps edit Date Sport Event NOC Gold Silver Bronze11 September Swimming Men s 200 metre individual medley SM10 nbsp Ukraine Denys Dubrov Maksym Krypak Dmytro Vanzenko11 September Paratriathlon Women s PT2 nbsp United States Allysa Seely Hailey Danisewicz Melissa Stockwell13 September Athletics Women s 1500 metres T54 nbsp United States Tatyana McFadden Amanda McGrory Chelsea McClammer17 September Archery Women s individual compound W1 nbsp Great Britain Jessica Stretton Jo Frith Vicky JenkinsRecords editMain article World and Paralympic records set at the 2016 Summer ParalympicsBroadcasting editOn 24 August 2016 the IPC announced that Dailymotion would serve as the official online streaming partner for the 2016 Summer Paralympics offering 15 English language streaming channels with full broadcasts of athletics cycling football judo powerlifting sitting volleyball swimming table tennis wheelchair basketball wheelchair fencing wheelchair rugby and wheelchair tennis events as well as the ceremonies highlights from all events news programmes and other original content In total the IPC stated that around 680 hours of content would be streamed over the 11 day event with at least 72 hours per day 72 Television rights were also sold to individual countries Grupo Globo held rights in Brazil with coverage shown on Rede Globo and SporTV Globo also sublicensed over the air rights to the public network TV Brasil 73 In the United Kingdom Channel 4 broadcast the Games as its second Summer Paralympics promising 500 hours of coverage 74 75 As a follow up to its Meet the Superhumans trailer for the 2012 Paralympics Channel 4 produced a trailer entitled We re the Superhumans 76 which would win a Cannes Lions Grand Prix for film 77 In Australia the Seven Network held rights complementing a new long term rights deal for the Olympics Seven plans to broadcast 14 hours per day of coverage on television Coverage was primarily broadcast by its digital channel 7Two and Seven s digital platforms as well as a Paralympics specific app 78 79 80 In Canada CBC Sportsnet One and AMI tv held broadcast rights promoting 1000 hours of coverage in total on television and the CBC Sports website CBC Television aired the ceremonies a nightly recap show and afternoon and evening coverage blocks on weekends 81 In Latin America except Brazil Claro Sports ESPN and Fox Sports held the rights broadcast the 2016 Summer Paralympics 82 NBC acquired the rights to the 2014 and 2016 Paralympics in September 2013 NBC planned extensive coverage for both games capitalizing on its newly acquired status of an official Paralympic broadcaster in the United States 83 84 In Sweden state broadcaster SVT broadcast the Games planning 300 hours of coverage on television and digital platforms as well as a nightly highlights show 85 86 In Poland state broadcaster TVP broadcast the games for the first time citation needed In New Zealand Attitude Pictures and Television New Zealand partnered to broadcast 180 hours of live and delayed television coverage plus on demand highlights through their respective digital platforms 87 Concerns and controversies editBudget cuts edit The budget of the 2016 Summer Paralympics faced several rounds of cuts although the Rio 2016 Organizing Committee did not provide specific details on the deficits 88 89 In mid August 2016 it was reported that the Rio 2016 Organizing Committee had failed to timely deliver US 8 million in travel grants that were intended to be paid out at the end of July Without these grants National Paralympic Committees may have had to cover a larger share of the cost of transporting their athletes to the Games while some particularly those in African and Asian regions might not have been able to afford sending their athletes to Rio at all 90 On 15 August 2016 a spokesperson for the organizing committee credited the financial issues to the political climate making it harder to reach sponsorship deals as well as ticket sales being below expectations However the spokesperson noted that the ongoing Olympics were helping to attract interest from potential sponsors The ROC stated that it planned to deliver the money by the end of the month and that there was no intention to compromise the Paralympic experience Mayor of Rio Eduardo Paes offered to provide US 47 million in funding to the Games to address these shortcomings but a federal court blocked the further provision of public funding to the ROC pending the inspection of its financial records 89 IPC president Philip Craven stated that although the situation is pretty precarious rumours that the Games may not go ahead or that sports may be cut are totally unfounded and not true Our aim right now is to bring in additional funding and resources in order to deliver the Games at the service levels expected by all stakeholders most importantly the athletes and if no more funding is available then the Organising Committee s additional cuts will start to impact on the services offered to the athletes who have dedicated years of their lives to reach and compete at these Games This is the last thing that we want to do 91 On 19 August 2016 the IPC stated that the organising committee had made infrastructural reductions for the Games as a budgetary measure including reducing the amount of transport services and the number of media centres moving the wheelchair fencing events from Youth Arena to Carioca Arena 3 as well as closing and dismantling Deodoro Olympic Park so that the remaining venues in the cluster can act as three standalone venues with dedicated transport hubs 92 Some public parties and gatherings related to the Games were also cancelled 90 11 Of these changes Craven stated that it s in our Paralympic DNA to see obstacles as an opportunity to do things differently and that s what we are doing here We are problem solvers by nature and fight for what we believe in and iterated that he was fully confident Rio 2016 will be the best Games ever in terms of athletic performance 93 94 Craven explained that We want full participation here We want all eligible countries to send their athletes to the Games It s what the athletes deserve and it is what the athletes want after years of training and dedication 93 The injunction was lifted on 18 August 2016 resulting in Paes offering R 150 million in public money to fund the Games R 100 million worth of sponsorship deals were also reached with the federal government via state run enterprises 92 93 The funding was eventually delivered ensuring that all 165 delegations would be able to attend the Games 14 Death of road cyclist edit nbsp Bahman Golbarnezhad hours before deathOn 17 September 2016 during the men s C4 5 road cycling event Iranian cyclist Bahman Golbarnejhad crashed on a mountainous stretch of the circuit in Grumari after being treated on site for head injuries he experienced cardiac arrest during ambulance transport Golbarnejhad died at Unimed Rio hospital after another cardiac arrest 95 This marked the first instance of a death in Paralympic competition and the first death in an Olympic or Paralympic competition since that of Danish cyclist Knud Enemark Jensen at a time trial in the 1960 Summer Olympics 95 The Union Cycliste Internationale UCI announced that it would investigate the incident and the I R Iran National Paralympic Committee requested a report on the incident from the IPC IPC president Philip Craven expressed condolences for Golbarnezhad stating that the Paralympic Family is united in grief at this horrendous tragedy which casts a shadow over what have been great Paralympic Games here in Rio 96 97 The Iranian and Paralympic flags in the athletes village were flown at half mast as well as the Paralympic flag at Riocentro A moment of silence was observed during the closing ceremony 98 See also edit nbsp Sports portal2015 Parapan American Games 2016 Summer Olympics Rising Phoenix documentary about the Paralympic movement that covers the financial difficulties of the 2016 Paralympic GamesReferences edit Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games BBC News 2 October 2009 Retrieved 4 October 2009 Paralympics 2012 London to host first truly global Games BBC Sport Retrieved 1 August 2012 Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games BBC 2 October 2009 Retrieved 2 March 2010 a b Wilson Bill 9 September 2012 Rio up and running for 2016 Paralympic Games BBC News Retrieved 12 September 2012 Rio 2016 Paralympic Games Ottobock Retrieved 9 October 2016 Venues Rio 2016 Archived from the original on 9 August 2016 Retrieved 12 August 2016 Rio 2016 Olympic Games and Paralympic medal designs revealed BBC Sport Retrieved 12 September 2016 Rio 2016 unveils innovative medals for Paralympic Games Rio 2016 Organizing Committee Archived from the original on 21 September 2016 Retrieved 12 September 2016 Innovative medal design unveiled for Rio 2016 IOC Retrieved 12 August 2016 Busbee Jay 10 August 2016 Rio mystery solved Why don t Olympic medal winners get flowers Yahoo Sports Retrieved 12 August 2016 a b c d e f Rio chiefs fear Paralympics could fall flat as seats remain empty The Guardian 3 September 2016 Retrieved 3 September 2016 Rio Paralympics 2016 More sports Russia banned and slow ticket sales BBC Sport Retrieved 1 September 2016 Coldplay endorsement boosts FillTheSeats Paralympics campaign The Globe and Mail Retrieved 1 September 2016 a b Paralympics ready for lift off amid cautious optimism of further progress The Guardian 6 September 2016 Retrieved 7 September 2016 a b c Rio 2016 is the second most attended Paralympic Games in history The Guardian 10 September 2016 Retrieved 13 September 2016 Inexpensive tickets make for family friendly crowds at Rio s Paralympics CBC News Retrieved 16 September 2016 Rio s Paralympics seemingly imperiled before they began have shown dazzling signs of life instead National Post Retrieved 13 September 2016 Rio 2016 Paralympic ticket sales exceed 1 8 million IPC Retrieved 10 September 2016 Paralympics ticket sales exceed two million IPC Retrieved 18 September 2016 Rio 2016 reveals first details of Paralympic Torch Relay as part of 500 days to Games celebrations Rio Organizing Committee 27 April 2015 Archived from the original on 9 August 2016 Retrieved 15 August 2016 a b c Rio 2016 Paralympic Games logo launched Creative Review 30 November 2011 Retrieved 16 August 2016 Nudd Tim 14 August 2012 Hated the London 2012 Logo You Might Like Rio 2016 Better Brazil s Tatil Design tells story of its creation Adweek Retrieved 14 August 2012 a b Rio 2016 Paralympic Games emblem unveiled to the world with a show of dance lights and fireworks Rio 2016 Organizing Committee Archived from the original on 9 August 2016 Retrieved 16 August 2016 Rio 2016 motif is first 3D logo in the history of the Olympics says designer Dezeen 11 August 2016 Retrieved 16 August 2016 Meet the Rio 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games mascots and help choose their names Rio 2016 Organising Committee for the Olympic Games Archived from the original on 27 December 2014 Retrieved 15 December 2014 Rio 2016 Olympic and Paralympic mascots launched BBC Sport Retrieved 15 December 2014 Rio 2016 mascots inspired by animals and plants of Brazil Reuters 15 December 2014 Retrieved 15 December 2014 a b Rio Paralympics 2016 Brazil president booed at opening ceremony BBC Sport Retrieved 8 September 2016 Coelho Marcelo Grossman Tovi 2017 Crowd Driven Pattern Formation Computational Strategies for Large Scale Design and Assembly Architectural Design 87 4 50 59 doi 10 1002 ad 2195 hdl 1721 1 132939 Newly installed Brazilian President booed as he opens Rio 2016 Paralympic Games InsideTheGames biz 7 September 2016 Retrieved 8 September 2016 Games on Brazil welcomes the Paralympics IPC Retrieved 8 September 2016 In Paralympics Opening Ceremony Amy Purdy of Dancing With the Stars rocks her running blades Washington Post Retrieved 8 September 2016 Comoros and Liberia miss final cut at Rio 2016 Paralympics to leave 159 countries set to compete insidethegames 7 September 2016 Retrieved 8 September 2016 Herbert Ian 6 September 2016 Paralympics 2016 With more athletes and bigger TV deals Rio can build on London s legacy The Independent Archived from the original on 9 March 2017 Retrieved 31 August 2021 Rio Paralympics 2016 Russian athletes banned after doping scandal BBC Sport 7 August 2016 Retrieved 7 August 2016 IPC Media Centre 7 August 2016 The IPC suspends the Russian Paralympic Committee with immediate effect paralympic org International Paralympic Committee Retrieved 7 August 2016 a b Rio Paralympics Two refugee Para athletes named for Rio Paralympics BBC Sport Retrieved 26 August 2016 Ibrahim Al Hussein spreads message of hope IPC Retrieved 26 August 2016 a b c d e Follow the race to qualify for the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games Rio 2016 Official Website Archived from the original on 21 March 2016 Retrieved 26 April 2016 Conhecida seleccao para Jogos Paralimpicos Rio 2016 ANGOP 21 July 2016 Retrieved 8 September 2016 Conhecida PROGRAMA DE COMPETICOES DE ANGOLA NOS JOGOS PARALIMPICOS Comite Paralimpico Angolano 8 September 2016 Retrieved 8 September 2016 2016 Australian Paralympic Team receives nine extra spots Australian Paralympic Committee News 29 August 2016 Retrieved 29 August 2016 a b c Athletes from Bosnia and Herzegovina Iran China and USA are first to qualify for Rio 2016 Rio 2016 Official Website 20 June 2014 Retrieved 30 August 2014 Paralimpiada de olho no top 5 Brasil convoca delegacao recorde globoesporte com in Portuguese 19 July 2016 Retrieved 26 July 2016 Brasil ganha mais seis vagas na Rio 2016 e CPB anuncia os convocados globoesporte com in Portuguese 25 August 2016 Retrieved 6 September 2016 China to send biggest ever team to Rio Paralympics China Daily Retrieved 26 August 2016 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s RESULTS BOOK 2014 IPC Shooting World Championships Suhl Germany Olympic quotas page 49 PDF 30 August 2014 Retrieved 26 July 2014 HeroesEnRio El sueno continua Heroes in Rio The dream continues MCL Deportes in Spanish 4 September 2016 Krista Morkore vid til Paralympisku leikirnar i Rio in Faroese Itrottasambandid fyri brekad 20 April 2016 Retrieved 21 April 2016 a b c Five goalball teams book their places at Rio 2016 Paralympic Games Rio 2016 Official Website 5 July 2014 Retrieved 30 August 2014, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.