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A tactical ballistic missile (TBM), or battlefield range ballistic missile (BRBM), is a ballistic missile designed for short-range battlefield use. Typically, range is less than 300 kilometres (190 mi).[according to whom?] Tactical ballistic missiles are usually mobile to ensure survivability and quick deployment, as well as carrying a variety of warheads to target enemy facilities, assembly areas, artillery, and other targets behind the front lines. Warheads can include conventional high explosive, chemical, biological, or nuclear warheads. Typically tactical nuclear weapons are limited in their total yield compared to strategic nuclear weapons.
Tactical ballistic missiles fill the gap between conventional rocket artillery and longer-range short-range ballistic missiles. Tactical missiles can carry heavy payloads deep behind enemy lines in comparison to rockets or gun artillery, while having better mobility and less expense than the more strategic theatre missiles. Additionally, due to their mobility, tactical missiles are better suited to responding to developments on the battlefield.
For many nations, tactical missiles represent the upper limit of their land-based military equipment. They can provide a powerful weapon for a very economical price, and in some cases are sought to help level the playing field against opponents who are superior in other areas of military technology. Currently, tactical ballistic missile technology remains within reach for nations that may face difficulties in obtaining other advanced military technologies.
Ballistic missiles are still difficult to defeat on the battlefield. Newer air defense systems have improved ability to intercept tactical missiles, but still can not reliably protect assets against ballistic missile threats. This allows a moderate force of missiles to threaten a superior enemy by penetrating their air defenses better than with conventional aircraft, while providing a deeper strike than conventional artillery.
Propulsionedit
Early large rockets and missiles were propelled by liquid-propellant rocket engines, as the first types developed. These were replaced as soon as possible by solid fuel rocket motors. Liquid propellants involve cryogenic (liquid oxygen) or corrosive (nitric acid) oxidisers. These must be loaded before launch, delaying the rocket's time into action. This delay was a problem for large strategic missiles, but especially so for tactical.
Missiles, particularly in the Soviet Union, switched to using storable liquid propellants such as IRFNA, inhibited nitric acid. These were still hazardous to handle, but could be stored pre-loaded in the missile. This also allowed the development of single vehicle transporter erector launchers (TEL), rather than the previous convoy of carriers, launchers, fuel vehicles and service vehicles.
Western missiles adopted solid propellants instead,[i] which were inherently storable, and later Warsaw Pact missiles followed suit. Tactical missiles are now almost universally solid-fuelled, except for some states using indigenous derivatives of the original Scud platform.
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This article relies largely or entirely on a single source Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources Find sources Tactical ballistic missile news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2020 Not to be confused with Theatre ballistic missile A tactical ballistic missile TBM or battlefield range ballistic missile BRBM is a ballistic missile designed for short range battlefield use Typically range is less than 300 kilometres 190 mi according to whom Tactical ballistic missiles are usually mobile to ensure survivability and quick deployment as well as carrying a variety of warheads to target enemy facilities assembly areas artillery and other targets behind the front lines Warheads can include conventional high explosive chemical biological or nuclear warheads Typically tactical nuclear weapons are limited in their total yield compared to strategic nuclear weapons The MGM 140 ATACMS tactical ballistic missile firing Contents 1 Design 2 Propulsion 3 Specific TBMs 4 See also 5 Notes 6 ReferencesDesign editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed April 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Tactical ballistic missiles fill the gap between conventional rocket artillery and longer range short range ballistic missiles Tactical missiles can carry heavy payloads deep behind enemy lines in comparison to rockets or gun artillery while having better mobility and less expense than the more strategic theatre missiles Additionally due to their mobility tactical missiles are better suited to responding to developments on the battlefield For many nations tactical missiles represent the upper limit of their land based military equipment They can provide a powerful weapon for a very economical price and in some cases are sought to help level the playing field against opponents who are superior in other areas of military technology Currently tactical ballistic missile technology remains within reach for nations that may face difficulties in obtaining other advanced military technologies Ballistic missiles are still difficult to defeat on the battlefield Newer air defense systems have improved ability to intercept tactical missiles but still can not reliably protect assets against ballistic missile threats This allows a moderate force of missiles to threaten a superior enemy by penetrating their air defenses better than with conventional aircraft while providing a deeper strike than conventional artillery Propulsion editEarly large rockets and missiles were propelled by liquid propellant rocket engines as the first types developed These were replaced as soon as possible by solid fuel rocket motors Liquid propellants involve cryogenic liquid oxygen or corrosive nitric acid oxidisers These must be loaded before launch delaying the rocket s time into action This delay was a problem for large strategic missiles but especially so for tactical Missiles particularly in the Soviet Union switched to using storable liquid propellants such as IRFNA inhibited nitric acid These were still hazardous to handle but could be stored pre loaded in the missile This also allowed the development of single vehicle transporter erector launchers TEL rather than the previous convoy of carriers launchers fuel vehicles and service vehicles Western missiles adopted solid propellants instead i which were inherently storable and later Warsaw Pact missiles followed suit Tactical missiles are now almost universally solid fuelled except for some states using indigenous derivatives of the original Scud platform Specific TBMs editNATO reporting name Propellant Range Introduction Withdrawal Origin OperatorsAl Samoud 2 Liquid propelled 0160 180 km 2001 2003 nbsp IraqAl Hussein Liquid propelled 600 650 km 1987 1991 nbsp IraqBlue Water 1960 first flight cancelled 1962 nbsp United KingdomMGM 140 ATACMS Solid propelled 0300 300 km 1986 2007 program terminated missile remains in service nbsp United States nbsp Bahrain nbsp Greece nbsp Taiwan nbsp South Korea nbsp Turkey nbsp United Arab Emirates nbsp Romania nbsp UkraineMGM 52 Lance Liquid propelled 0120 120 km 1972 1992 nbsp United States nbsp Belgium nbsp West Germany nbsp Israel nbsp Italy nbsp Netherlands nbsp United KingdomPGM 11 Redstone Liquid propelled 92 5 km 323 km 1958 1964 nbsp USAPrecision Strike Missile gt 500 km 2023 nbsp USAMGM 18 Lacrosse 19 km 1959 1964 nbsp USAWS 1 0180 60 180 km 1990 nbsp ChinaWS 2 WS 3 0180 70 200 km 2004 nbsp ChinaDTI 1 0180 60 180 km nbsp ThailandHrim 2 0180 280 500 km nbsp UkraineShaurya two stage solid propelled 700 1900 km 2011 nbsp IndiaPrahaar Solid propelled 150 km 2011 nbsp IndiaPragati Solid propelled 170 km 2013 nbsp IndiaPranash Solid propelled 200 km TBD nbsp IndiaPralay Solid propelled 150 500 km TBD nbsp IndiaGhaznavi missile Solid propelled 0320 290 320 km 2004 nbsp PakistanNasr Hatf IX Solid propelled 0070 70 km 2013 nbsp PakistanAbdali Hatf II Solid propelled 0180 180 km 2002 nbsp PakistanHatf I Solid propelled 0100 70 km 1990 nbsp PakistanHatif 1A Solid propelled 0100 100 km 1990 nbsp PakistanHatif 1B Solid propelled 0100 100 km 1990 nbsp PakistanSky Spear Solid propelled 0300 120 300 km 2001 nbsp TaiwanJ 600T Yildirim Solid propelled 0900 150 900 km 1998 nbsp TurkeyTOROS Solid propelled 0160 100 160 km nbsp TurkeyBora Liquid propelled 0120 280 700 km 2017 nbsp TurkeyT 300 Kasirga 0120 100 120 km nbsp TurkeyR 11 Zemlya SS 1b Scud A Liquid propelled 0700 180 km 1958 nbsp Soviet Union2K1 Mars FROG 2 Solid propelled 0700 7 18 km nbsp Soviet UnionR 17 R 300 Elbrus SS 1c Scud B SS 1d Scud C SS 1e Scud D Liquid propelled 0700 300 700 km 1964 nbsp Soviet UnionOTR 21 Tochka SS 21 Scarab Solid propelled 0185 70 185 km 1975 nbsp Soviet Union nbsp Armenia nbsp Azerbaijan nbsp Belarus nbsp Bulgaria nbsp Kazakhstan nbsp North Korea nbsp Russia nbsp Ukraine nbsp Syria nbsp Yemen Former nbsp Czechoslovakia nbsp Czech Republic nbsp East Germany nbsp Germany nbsp Lithuania nbsp Poland nbsp Slovakia nbsp Soviet UnionOTR 23 Oka SS 23 Spider Solid propelled 0120 500 km 1979 1987 nbsp Soviet Union2K6 Luna Frog 3 Frog 5 0050 10 50 km 1960 1982 nbsp Soviet Union nbsp Afghanistan nbsp Algeria nbsp Cuba nbsp East Germany nbsp Egypt nbsp Iraq nbsp Libya nbsp North Korea nbsp Poland nbsp Romania nbsp Soviet Union nbsp Syria nbsp Yemen nbsp Yugoslavia9K52 Luna M Frog 7 0050 70 km 1964 nbsp Soviet Union nbsp Algeria nbsp Afghanistan nbsp Belarus nbsp Egypt nbsp Libya nbsp North Korea nbsp Russia nbsp Syria nbsp Ukraine nbsp Yemen Former nbsp Bulgaria nbsp Cuba nbsp Czechoslovakia nbsp East Germany nbsp Hungary nbsp Iraq nbsp Kuwait nbsp Lebanon nbsp Poland nbsp Romania nbsp South Yemen nbsp Soviet Union nbsp YugoslaviaLORA 0120 400 800 km 2005 nbsp IsraelKN 02 Toksa Solid propelled 0160 120 160 km 2008 nbsp North KoreaKN 23 Solid propelled 450 km 1 2018 nbsp North KoreaKN 24 Solid propelled 410 km 2 2019 nbsp North KoreaKN 25 0160 380 km 2019 nbsp North Korea9K720 Iskander SS 26 Stone Solid propelled 0500 400 500 km 2006 nbsp RussiaPredator Hawk 0120 300 400km 2016 nbsp IsraelHyunmoo 1 Solid propelled 0500 180 km 1977 nbsp South KoreaHyunmoo 2A Solid propelled 0500 300 km 2006 nbsp South KoreaUre 1 Solid propelled 0500 180 km 2022 nbsp South KoreaBRE8 King Dragon Fire Dragon Solid propelled 0500 280 300 km 2014 nbsp ChinaBurkan 1 0800 800 km 2016 nbsp Yemenal Najm al Thaqib 1 045 45 km 2015 nbsp Yemenal Najm al Thaqib 2 075 75 km 2015 nbsp YemenFajr 5 Solid propelled 180 km 1990s nbsp Iran nbsp Syria nbsp Yemen nbsp Iraq nbsp LebanonShahab 1 0350 350 km 1987 2016 nbsp IranShahab 2 liquid propelled 500 km 1990 2016 nbsp IranFateh 110 Solid propelled 300 km 2002 nbsp Iran nbsp Syria nbsp LebanonFateh 313 Solid propelled 500 km 2015 nbsp IranQiam 1 Liquid propelled 800 km 2010 nbsp Iran nbsp YemenZelzal 1 Solid propelled 160 km 1990 nbsp IranZelzal 2 Solid propelled 210 km 1998 nbsp Iran nbsp Syria nbsp Yemen nbsp LebanonZelzal 3 Solid propelled 200 250 km 2007 nbsp Iran nbsp SyriaNaze at 6 H Solid propelled 80 100 km 1980 s nbsp IranNaze at 10 H Solid propelled 100 130 km 1980 s nbsp IranJerina 1 Solid propelled 3 285 300 km 2017 nbsp SerbiaJerina 2 Liquid propelled 75 km 2017 nbsp SerbiaSee also editList of missilesNotes edit The liquid fuelled MGM 52 Lance was one exception remaining in service until the end of the Cold War References edit KN 23 Missile Threat Retrieved 12 March 2021 KN 24 Missile Threat Retrieved 12 March 2021 EDePro Engine Development and Production Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tactical ballistic missile amp oldid 1185125006, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
