In Turkmenistan, the national conservativeAgzybirlik (Unification) took up the cause of independence and gained a significant base among native Turkmens. Niyazov—then Secretary of the Supreme Soviet—had the party banned for anti-Soviet activities, and suppressed dissent. However, in what the first multi-party election to the Supreme Soviet (1990), multiple independent candidates won and propagated nationalist sentiments.
Despite this, in the March 1991 referendum, 98.26% of voters proposed to preserve the Turkmen SSR as an equal sovereign republic of the USSR. A treaty to the effect was agreed upon to be signed but a day before, hardline communists launched a coup in Russia. Niyazov remained ambivalent to the coup but once it failed and Russia made its intentions clear to leave USSR, he prepared for the inevitable disintegration of the USSR and independence of Turkmenistan. As a result, an independence referendum was held, while it was designed to simultaneously repurpose Niyazov as an able leader in testing times of transition.
Do you agree with the legislative establishment of Turkmenistan as an independent democratic state?
Do you support the statement of the President and Supreme Soviet of the Turkmenistan Soviet Socialist Republic "On the domestic and foreign policy of Turkmenistan" and the practical activity to implement it?
Results
Independence
Choice
Votes
%
For
1,707,725
94.06
Against
107,693
5.94
Invalid/blank votes
–
Total
1,815,418
100
Registered voters/turnout
1,864,142
97.38
Source: Direct Democracy
Niyazovism
Choice
Votes
%
For
93.5
Against
6.5
Invalid/blank votes
–
Total
1,815,418
100
Registered voters/turnout
1,864,142
97.38
Source: Direct Democracy
References
^Nohlen, Dieter; Grotz, Florian; Hartmann, Christof (2001-11-15). Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/019924958x.003.0022. ISBN978-0-19-924958-9.
March 04, 2023
1991, turkmen, independence, referendum, independence, referendum, held, turkmen, october, 1991, october, 1991, 1991, agree, with, legislative, establishment, turkmenistan, independent, democratic, state, resultschoice, votes, valid, votes, invalid, blank, vot. An independence referendum was held in the Turkmen SSR on 26 October 1991 1991 Turkmen independence referendum26 October 1991 1991 10 26 Do you agree with the legislative establishment of Turkmenistan as an independent democratic state ResultsChoice Votes Yes 1 707 725 94 07 No 107 693 5 93 Valid votes 1 815 418 100 00 Invalid or blank votes 0 0 00 Total votes 1 815 418 100 00 Registered voters turnout 1 864 142 97 39 Contents 1 Background 2 Questions 3 Results 3 1 Independence 3 2 Niyazovism 4 ReferencesBackground EditThe policies of demokratizatsiya and perestroika as enacted by Mikhail Gorbachev led to the gradual loss of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union s iron grip over its constituent federal republics Nationalistic sentiments were on the rise often fomenting in widescale protests across late 1980s leading to the parade of sovereignties In Turkmenistan the national conservative Agzybirlik Unification took up the cause of independence and gained a significant base among native Turkmens Niyazov then Secretary of the Supreme Soviet had the party banned for anti Soviet activities and suppressed dissent However in what the first multi party election to the Supreme Soviet 1990 multiple independent candidates won and propagated nationalist sentiments Despite this in the March 1991 referendum 98 26 of voters proposed to preserve the Turkmen SSR as an equal sovereign republic of the USSR A treaty to the effect was agreed upon to be signed but a day before hardline communists launched a coup in Russia Niyazov remained ambivalent to the coup but once it failed and Russia made its intentions clear to leave USSR he prepared for the inevitable disintegration of the USSR and independence of Turkmenistan As a result an independence referendum was held while it was designed to simultaneously repurpose Niyazov as an able leader in testing times of transition Questions EditVoters were asked two questions 1 Do you agree with the legislative establishment of Turkmenistan as an independent democratic state Do you support the statement of the President and Supreme Soviet of the Turkmenistan Soviet Socialist Republic On the domestic and foreign policy of Turkmenistan and the practical activity to implement it Results EditIndependence Edit Choice Votes For 1 707 725 94 06Against 107 693 5 94Invalid blank votes Total 1 815 418 100Registered voters turnout 1 864 142 97 38Source Direct DemocracyNiyazovism Edit Choice Votes For 93 5Against 6 5Invalid blank votes Total 1 815 418 100Registered voters turnout 1 864 142 97 38Source Direct DemocracyReferences Edit Nohlen Dieter Grotz Florian Hartmann Christof 2001 11 15 Elections in Asia and the Pacific A Data Handbook Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 019924958x 003 0022 ISBN 978 0 19 924958 9 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1991 Turkmen independence referendum amp oldid 1127836414, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
