1989 Queensland state election
The 1989 Queensland state election was held in the Australian state of Queensland on 2 December 1989 to elect the 89 members of the state's Legislative Assembly. This was the first election following the downfall of seven-term premier Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen at the end of 1987.
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All 89 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland 45 Assembly seats were needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Registered | 1,780,785 13.9% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 1,623,637 (91.18%) (0.07 pp) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Winning margin by electorate. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The government was led by Premier and leader of the National Party, Russell Cooper; the opposition was led by Opposition Leader and leader of the Labor Party, Wayne Goss, while the Liberal Party was led by Angus Innes.
The National government, which had been in power since the 1957 election and had governed in its own right since the dissolution of the state coalition at the 1983 election, was defeated; the election was a landslide win for the Labor Party, which gained 24 seats. Labor also won more than 50% of the primary vote. Until 2012, it was the worst defeat of a sitting government in Queensland history.
Since this election, Queensland Labor has won 11 of 12 state elections which have been held since, most recently in 2020.
Background edit
The Nationals' fortunes had dwindled significantly since the 1986 election. Soon after the floundering of his attempt to become Prime Minister in the "Joh for Canberra" campaign, Bjelke-Petersen was deposed in a party room coup led by Health Minister Mike Ahern. After trying to hold onto power for four days, Bjelke-Petersen resigned and Ahern was sworn in as his successor.
The shadow campaign began in late 1988 with television advertisements depicting Labor and its leader, Wayne Goss, as "The Only Change for the Better". A string of policy papers were released on a range of themes emphasising responsible economic management and efficient, honest administration. While they maintained a positive and professional public opinion and consistently led opinion polls, neither the media nor the electorate appeared to believe they could win.[2]
The Liberals, who had been on the crossbenches since the collapse of the Coalition in 1983, launched a series of newspaper advertisements in March 1988 under the banner "Let's Put It Right". They were in a curious position, however, because a collapse in National support in urban South East Queensland would mean that seats the Liberal Party might hope to win would be more likely to go to Labor.[2]
On 1 April 1989, a non-partisan group called "Citizens for Democracy" gained some publicity by cutting a birthday cake to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the Electoral Districts Act 1949, which had established electoral malapportionment in Queensland, which was seen as unfairly benefiting the Nationals. Both the Labor and Liberal parties favoured "one vote one value" electoral reform.
On 3 July 1989, the Commission of Inquiry into Possible Illegal Activities and Associated Police Misconduct (more commonly known as the Fitzgerald Inquiry after its chair, Tony Fitzgerald QC) handed down its report. It found links between criminal and political networks, and that corruption in Queensland's public life was widespread, commonplace and organised. It made numerous recommendations aimed at reforming the police and criminal justice system and at establishing independent institutions to monitor, report and act on reforms in the short term, and their operation on an ongoing basis. Ahern committed to implement the Report in its entirety.
Ahern sought to govern in a more consultative manner than Bjelke-Petersen, and worked to blunt the edges of what had long been one of the most unyieldingly conservative state governments in Australia. It was to no avail; by September, opinion polls were suggesting the Nationals had about half the support they had achieved at the 1986 election.
A Newspoll taken after the inquiry's release showed that the Nationals had tumbled to only 22% support, the lowest ever recorded for a sitting government in Australian history.[3] Additionally, the Nationals suffered large swings at three by-elections, most recently in Merthyr, where the Liberals had won the seat from the Nationals despite the latter putting forward a high-profile candidate and an expensive campaign. On 22 September, Police Minister Russell Cooper toppled Ahern in a party room coup, and was sworn in as premier three days later. Cooper billed himself as a traditionalist in Bjelke-Petersen's mould, and his supporters believed he could shore up National support in its rural heartland.
Accordingly, Cooper campaigned on traditional National focuses (law and order, social conservatism, and attacks on the federal Labor government, in particular related to interest rates) and produced a number of controversial advertisements, one of which alleged that the Labor Opposition's plan to decriminalise homosexuality would lead to a flood of gays from southern states moving to Queensland. Labor responded by satirising these ads, depicting Cooper as a wild-eyed reactionary and a clone of Bjelke-Petersen and/or a puppet of party president Sir Robert Sparkes.[4]
Logos Foundation, a fundamentalist Christian group in Toowoomba, led by Howard Carter, controversially involved itself in the election, running a campaign of surveys and full-page newspaper advertisements promoting the view that candidates' adherence to Christian principles and biblical ethics was more important than the widespread corruption in the Queensland government that had been revealed by the Fitzgerald Inquiry. Advertisements published in the Brisbane Courier-Mail promoted strongly-conservative positions in opposition to pornography, homosexuality and Abortion, and a return to the Death penalty. Some supporters controversially advocated Old Testament laws and penalties.[5] That action backfired sensationally, with many mainstream Churches, community leaders and religious organisations distancing themselves from the Logos Foundation after making public statements denouncing them.[6] At times, the death penalty for homosexuals was advocated, in accordance with Old Testament Law.[7][5] A Sydney Morning Herald article summarised the campaign's thrust as follows: "Homosexuality and censorship should determine your vote, the electorate was told; corruption was not the major concern." The same article quoted from a letter Carter he had written to supporters at the time: "The greenies, the gays and the greedy are marching. Now the Christians, the conservatives and the concerned must march also".[5] Those views were not new. In reference to the call for the Death penalty for homosexuals to rid Queensland of such people, an earlier article published in the Herald quoted a Logos spokesman as saying: "the fact a law is on the statutes is the best safeguard for society".[8]
Key dates edit
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| 2 November 1989 | The Parliament was dissolved.[9] |
| 2 November 1989 | Writs were issued by the Governor to proceed with an election.[10] |
| 9 November 1989 | Close of nominations. |
| 2 December 1989 | Polling day, between the hours of 8am and 6pm. |
| 7 December 1989 | The Cooper Ministry resigned and the Goss Ministry was sworn in. |
| 13 February 1990 | The writ was returned and the results formally declared. |
Results edit
The result was a landslide win for the Labor Party. Brisbane swung over dramatically to support Labor, which took all but five seats in the capital.
Initially, it appeared that the Liberal Party had won the traditionally National hinterland seat of Nicklin, however, the Court of Disputed Returns overturned that result and awarded the seat to the National Party.
| Queensland state election, 2 December 1989[11][12] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enrolled voters | 1,780,785 | |||||
| Votes cast | 1,623,637 | Turnout | 91.18% | –0.07% | ||
| Informal votes | 48,764 | Informal | 3.00% | +0.83% | ||
| Summary of votes by party | ||||||
| Party | Primary votes | % | Swing | Seats | Change | |
| Labor | 792,466 | 50.32% | +8.97% | 54 | +24 | |
| Nationals | 379,364 | 24.09% | –15.55% | 27 | –22 | |
| Liberal | 331,562 | 21.05% | +4.55% | 8 | – 2 | |
| Democrats | 6,669 | 0.42% | –0.21% | 0 | ± 0 | |
| Citizens Electoral Council | 6,610 | 0.42% | +0.42% | 0 | ± 0 | |
| Greens | 5,206 | 0.33% | +0.33% | 0 | ± 0 | |
| Call to Australia | 2,007 | 0.13% | +0.13% | 0 | ± 0 | |
| Grey Power | 300 | 0.02% | +0.02% | 0 | ± 0 | |
| Independent | 50,689 | 3.22% | +1.34% | 0 | ± 0 | |
| Total | 1,574,873 | 89 | ||||
| Two-party-preferred | ||||||
| Labor | 53.8% | +7.8% | ||||
| National/Liberal | 46.2% | -7.8% | ||||
Seats changing hands edit
| Seat | 1986 Election | Swing | 1989 Election | ||||||
| Party | Member | Margin | Margin | Member | Party | ||||
| Albert | National | Ivan Gibbs | 13.13 | -22.82 | 9.69 | John Szczerbanik | Labor | ||
| Ashgrove | Liberal | Alan Sherlock | 0.98 | -7.58 | 6.60 | Jim Fouras | Labor | ||
| Aspley | National | Beryce Nelson | 4.11 | -5.29 | 1.18 | John Goss | Liberal | ||
| Barron River | National | Martin Tenni | 4.04 | -11.54 | 7.50 | Dr Lesley Clark | Labor | ||
| Broadsound | National | Denis Hinton | 1.96 | -4.71 | 2.74 | Jim Pearce | Labor | ||
| Cooroora | National | Gordon Simpson | 10.64 | -11.67 | 1.03 | Ray Barber | Labor | ||
| Currumbin | National | Leo Gately | 8.88 | -9.79 | 0.91 | Trevor Coomber | Liberal | ||
| Glass House | National | Bill Newton | 6.93 | -8.55 | 1.63 | Jon Sullivan | Labor | ||
| Greenslopes | National | Leisha Harvey | 4.23 | -9.83 | 5.60 | Gary Fenlon | Labor | ||
| Isis | National | Lin Powell¹ | 7.40 | -7.47 | 0.08 | Bill Nunn | Labor | ||
| Mansfield | National | Craig Sherrin | 5.49 | -7.85 | 2.35 | Laurel Power | Labor | ||
| Maryborough | National | Gilbert Alison | 0.74 | -2.14 | 1.40 | Bob Dollin | Labor | ||
| Mount Coot-tha | Liberal | Lyle Schuntner | 6.20 | -13.21 | 7.00 | Wendy Edmond | Labor | ||
| Mount Gravatt | National | Ian Henderson | 6.69 | -8.40 | 1.70 | Judy Spence | Labor | ||
| Mount Isa | Liberal | Peter Beard | 2.74 | -12.84 | 10.10 | Tony McGrady | Labor | ||
| Mulgrave | National | Max Menzel | 3.71 | -5.38 | 1.67 | Warren Pitt | Labor | ||
| Nerang | National | Tom Hynd | 9.88 | -11.30 | 1.42 | Ray Connor | Liberal | ||
| Nicklin | National | Brian Austin | 10.93 | -19.22 | 8.29 | Bob King | Liberal | ||
| Nundah | Liberal | Sir William Knox | 5.39 | -13.38 | 8.00 | Phil Heath | Labor | ||
| Pine Rivers | National | Yvonne Chapman | 3.55 | -9.15 | 5.60 | Margaret Woodgate | Labor | ||
| Redcliffe | Liberal | Terry White | 7.71 | -9.70 | 2.00 | Ray Hollis | Labor | ||
| Redlands | National | Paul Clauson | 3.83 | -10.03 | 6.20 | Darryl Briskey | Labor | ||
| South Coast | National | Judy Gamin | 0.38 | -8.13 | 7.75 | Bob Quinn | Liberal | ||
| Springwood | National | Huan Fraser | 6.18 | -9.28 | 3.10 | Molly Robson | Labor | ||
| Stafford | Liberal | Terry Gygar | 4.46 | -12.06 | 7.60 | Rod Welford | Labor | ||
| Toowoomba North | National | Sandy McPhie | 7.62 | -8.54 | 0.92 | Dr John Flynn | Labor | ||
| Townsville | National | Tony Burreket | 4.43 | -9.53 | 5.10 | Ken Davies | Labor | ||
| Whitsunday | National | Geoff Muntz¹ | 9.00 | -9.03 | 0.03 | Lorraine Bird | Labor | ||
| Yeronga | Liberal | Norm Lee | 5.70 | -14.80 | 9.10 | Matt Foley | Labor | ||
- Members listed in italics did not contest their seat at this election.
- ¹ Lin Powell and Geoff Muntz were elected as members of the National Party, but resigned from the party, and contested the election as Independents.
- The Labor Party also retained the electorate of Manly, where the sitting Labor member had resigned and contested the election as an Independent.
Post-election pendulum edit
Subsequent changes edit
- On 6 May 1990, former National Premier Mike Ahern (Landsborough) resigned. At the by-election on 28 July 1990, Joan Sheldon gained the seat for the Liberal Party.
- On 13 May 1990, former Liberal Party leader Angus Innes (Sherwood) resigned. At the by-election on 28 July 1990, David Dunworth retained the seat for the Liberal Party.
- On 22 Nov 1990, the Court of Disputed Returns declared the election in Nicklin void, and a recount was undertaken, which declared Neil Turner for the National Party elected.
- On 18 May 1991, National Party member Clive Berghofer (Toowoomba South) resigned. At the by-election on 18 May 1991, Mike Horanretained the seat for the National Party.
- On 5 April 1991, Labor Party member Phil Heath (Nundah) resigned. At the by-election on 18 May 1991, Terry Sullivan retained the seat for the Labor Party.
A major change to electoral legislation saw the zonal system of electoral distribution abolished in favour of a system largely resembling one vote one value in time for the 1992 state election.
See also edit
Notes edit
- ^ Manly MP Eric Shaw was elected at the previous election as a Labor candidate. However, in September 1988 he lost his party's endorsement and sat in Parliament as an Independent MP.
- ^ a b At the May 1989 Merthyr by-election, Liberal candidate Santo Santoro won the seat of Methyr, which had been held by National MP Don Lane. Lane resigned his seat several months earlier following the Fitzgerald Inquiry.
- ^ The seat of Isis had been vacated on 31 July 1989 by National-turned-Independent MP Lionel Powell. There was no resulting by-election,[1] instead the seat was contested at the state election. The seat was subsequently won by the Labor Party.
References edit
- ^ "Mike Ahern 'Dodging' By-Election". The Canberra Times. Vol. 63, no. 19654. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 31 July 1989. p. 4. Retrieved 27 June 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ a b Coaldrake, Peter (December 1989). "Australian Political Chronicle: January–June 1989". Australian Journal of Politics and History. 35 (3): 452–455. ISSN 0004-9522.
- ^ Salusinszky, Imre (29 October 2010). "Kristina Keneally leading the most unpopular Labor government in history". News.com.au. from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
- ^ Coaldrake, Peter (August 1990). "Australian Political Chronicle: July–December 1989". Australian Journal of Politics and History. 36 (2): 243–248. ISSN 0004-9522.
- ^ a b c Roberts, G., Sex Scandal Divides the Bible Belt, Sydney Morning Herald, 13 October 1990
- ^ Harrison, John (1 August 2006). "The Logos Foundation: The Rise and Fall of Christian Reconstructionism in Australia" (PDF). (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ^ Harrison, 2006, p.3
- ^ Lyons, J., God Remains an Issue in Queensland, Sydney Morning Herald, 18 November 1989
- ^ "A Proclamation". Queensland Government Gazette. 2 November 1989. p. 292:1635.
- ^ "Untitled". Queensland Government Gazette. 2 November 1989. p. 292:1637.
- ^ Australian Government and Politics Database. "Parliament of Queensland, Assembly election, 2 December 1989". from the original on 18 January 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2009.
- ^ Hughes, Colin A. (2002). A handbook of Australian government and politics, 1985-1999. Federation Press. p. 325. ISBN 978-1-86287-434-3.