The Group of Seven (G7) was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries: France, West Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada (since 1976),[2] and the President of the European Commission (starting officially in 1981).[3] The summits were not meant to be linked formally with wider international institutions; and in fact, a mild rebellion against the stiff formality of other international meetings was a part of the genesis of cooperation between France's president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and West Germany's chancellor Helmut Schmidt as they conceived the first Group of Six (G6) summit in 1975.[4]
The G7 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.[3]
The summit was intended as a venue for resolving differences among its members. As a practical matter, the summit was also conceived as an opportunity for its members to give each other mutual encouragement in the face of difficult economic decisions.[4] Issues which were discussed at this summit included:
International Economic Policy Cooperation
Multilateral Trading System / Uruguay Round
Newly Industrialized Economies
Developing Countries and Debt
Environment
Future Summits
Other Issues
Annex on Structural Reform
Criticismedit
The Toronto-based Canadian Organization for the Rights of Prostitutes issued a number of press releases leading up to the economic summit pointing out that the local vice squads were tasked with cleaning up the city streets through a coordinated crackdown on sex workers.[8] This crackdown and economic summit took place in Toronto amidst the tumultuous restructuring of the Canadian Criminal Code to outlaw commercial sex by criminalizing communication for the purpose of obtaining commercial sexual services in public.[9] Similar crackdowns against other street-involved communities (drug users, the homeless, gays and lesbians, transgender people) continue today in the lead up to large economic summits like the G7, IMF, World Bank as well as sporting events like the World Cup, the Olympics, and Formula One.[10][11][12][13]
^Saunders, Doug. "Weight of the world too heavy for G8 shoulders," 2008-10-11 at the Wayback MachineGlobe and Mail (Toronto). July 5, 2008 -- n.b., the G7 becomes the Group of Eight (G7) with the inclusion of Russia starting in 1997.
^ abReuters: "Factbox: The Group of Eight: what is it?", July 3, 2008.
^ abReinalda, Bob; Verbeek, Bertjan (1998). Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations. p. 205. ISBN9780203450857.
^Kurtaman, Joel. "Business Forum: Reagan's Final Summit Conference; The Forecast Is for All Talk, No Action," New York Times. June 19, 1988.
^Rieffel, Lex. "Regional Voices in Global Governance: Looking to 2010 (Part IV)," June 3, 2010, at the Wayback Machine Brookings. March 27, 2009; "core" members (Muskoka 2010 G-8, official site). June 2, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
^"Prostitution Crack Down - CORP Press Release · AIDS Activist History Project". aidsactivisthistory.omeka.net. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
^"The Case Against C-49 - CORP Position Statement · AIDS Activist History Project". aidsactivisthistory.omeka.net. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
^"How the Olympic clean-up put sex workers in danger". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-01. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
^Hyslop, Lucy (2010-02-03). "Winter Olympics on slippery slope after Vancouver crackdown on homeless". the Guardian. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
^"Resisting the Olympic cleanup". Xtra. 2009-12-29. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
^"Montreal Police Cracked Down Hard on F1 Sex Tourism". Vice. 2015-06-19. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
Referencesedit
Bayne, Nicholas and Robert D. Putnam. (2000). Hanging in There: The G7 and G8 Summit in Maturity and Renewal. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN978-0-7546-1185-1; OCLC 43186692
CBC Digital Archives: "Leaders arrive at 1988 G7 Summit in Toronto," Broadcast Date: June 18, 1988.
February 16, 2024
14th, summit, 14th, summit, held, toronto, ontario, canada, between, june, 1988, venue, summit, meetings, metro, toronto, convention, centre, downtown, toronto, metro, toronto, convention, centre, front, street, entrancehost, countrycanadadatesjune, 1988venue,. The 14th G7 Summit was held in Toronto Ontario Canada between June 19 and 21 1988 The venue for the summit meetings was the Metro Toronto Convention Centre in Downtown Toronto 1 14th G7 summitMetro Toronto Convention Centre Front Street entranceHost countryCanadaDatesJune 19 20 1988Venue s Metro Toronto Convention CentreCitiesToronto OntarioFollows13th G7 summitPrecedes15th G7 summitThe Group of Seven G7 was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries France West Germany Italy Japan the United Kingdom the United States Canada since 1976 2 and the President of the European Commission starting officially in 1981 3 The summits were not meant to be linked formally with wider international institutions and in fact a mild rebellion against the stiff formality of other international meetings was a part of the genesis of cooperation between France s president Valery Giscard d Estaing and West Germany s chancellor Helmut Schmidt as they conceived the first Group of Six G6 summit in 1975 4 Unlike the relatively low key summit at Chateau Montebello in 1981 the Toronto summit was held under tight security with involvement of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police RCMP and Metro Toronto Police Canada was the first member of the G7 or G8 to host both this kind of Summit and an Olympic Games in the same calendar year In February Calgary Alberta hosted the 1988 Winter Olympics Canada would do this again 22 years later when they hosted the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver British Columbia and then the 36th G8 summit and the 4th G20 summit in Huntsville Ontario and Toronto respectively Contents 1 Leaders at the summit 1 1 Participants 2 Issues 3 Criticism 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External linksLeaders at the summit edit nbsp Summit leaders at the University of Toronto left to right Jacques Delors Ciriaco De Mita Margaret Thatcher Ronald Reagan Brian Mulroney Francois Mitterrand Helmut Kohl and Noboru TakeshitaThe G7 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada the European Commission France Germany Italy Japan the United Kingdom and the United States 3 The 14th G7 summit was the first summit for Italian Prime Minister Ciriaco De Mita and was the last summit for US President Ronald Reagan 5 It was also the first and only summit for Japanese Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita Participants edit These summit participants are the current core members of the international forum 6 1 7 Core G7 membersHost state and leader are shown in bold text Member Represented by Title nbsp Canada Brian Mulroney Prime Minister nbsp France Francois Mitterrand President nbsp West Germany Helmut Kohl Chancellor nbsp Italy Ciriaco De Mita Prime Minister nbsp Japan Noboru Takeshita Prime Minister nbsp United Kingdom Margaret Thatcher Prime Minister nbsp United States Ronald Reagan President nbsp European Community Jacques Delors Commission PresidentHelmut Kohl Council PresidentIssues editThe summit was intended as a venue for resolving differences among its members As a practical matter the summit was also conceived as an opportunity for its members to give each other mutual encouragement in the face of difficult economic decisions 4 Issues which were discussed at this summit included International Economic Policy Cooperation Multilateral Trading System Uruguay Round Newly Industrialized Economies Developing Countries and Debt Environment Future Summits Other Issues Annex on Structural ReformCriticism editThe Toronto based Canadian Organization for the Rights of Prostitutes issued a number of press releases leading up to the economic summit pointing out that the local vice squads were tasked with cleaning up the city streets through a coordinated crackdown on sex workers 8 This crackdown and economic summit took place in Toronto amidst the tumultuous restructuring of the Canadian Criminal Code to outlaw commercial sex by criminalizing communication for the purpose of obtaining commercial sexual services in public 9 Similar crackdowns against other street involved communities drug users the homeless gays and lesbians transgender people continue today in the lead up to large economic summits like the G7 IMF World Bank as well as sporting events like the World Cup the Olympics and Formula One 10 11 12 13 Gallery edit nbsp nbsp CanadaBrian Mulroney Prime Minister nbsp nbsp FranceFrancois Mitterrand President nbsp nbsp West GermanyHelmut Kohl Chancellor nbsp nbsp ItalyCiriaco De Mita Prime Minister nbsp nbsp JapanNoboru Takeshita Prime Minister nbsp nbsp United KingdomMargaret Thatcher Prime Minister nbsp nbsp United StatesRonald Reagan President nbsp nbsp European UnionJacques Delors Commission PresidentSee also edit2010 G20 Toronto summit G8Notes edit a b Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs MOFA Summit Meetings in the Past Accessed 2009 03 11 2009 04 30 Saunders Doug Weight of the world too heavy for G8 shoulders Archived 2008 10 11 at the Wayback Machine Globe and Mail Toronto July 5 2008 n b the G7 becomes the Group of Eight G7 with the inclusion of Russia starting in 1997 a b Reuters Factbox The Group of Eight what is it July 3 2008 a b Reinalda Bob Verbeek Bertjan 1998 Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations p 205 ISBN 9780203450857 Kurtaman Joel Business Forum Reagan s Final Summit Conference The Forecast Is for All Talk No Action New York Times June 19 1988 Rieffel Lex Regional Voices in Global Governance Looking to 2010 Part IV Archived June 3 2010 at the Wayback Machine Brookings March 27 2009 core members Muskoka 2010 G 8 official site Archived June 2 2010 at the Wayback Machine MOFA Summit 14 European Union EU and the G8 Archived 2007 02 26 at the Wayback Machine Prostitution Crack Down CORP Press Release AIDS Activist History Project aidsactivisthistory omeka net Retrieved 2018 10 28 The Case Against C 49 CORP Position Statement AIDS Activist History Project aidsactivisthistory omeka net Retrieved 2018 10 28 How the Olympic clean up put sex workers in danger The Independent Archived from the original on 2022 05 01 Retrieved 2018 10 28 Hyslop Lucy 2010 02 03 Winter Olympics on slippery slope after Vancouver crackdown on homeless the Guardian Retrieved 2018 10 28 Resisting the Olympic cleanup Xtra 2009 12 29 Retrieved 2018 10 28 Montreal Police Cracked Down Hard on F1 Sex Tourism Vice 2015 06 19 Retrieved 2018 10 28 References editBayne Nicholas and Robert D Putnam 2000 Hanging in There The G7 and G8 Summit in Maturity and Renewal Aldershot Hampshire England Ashgate Publishing ISBN 978 0 7546 1185 1 OCLC 43186692 Reinalda Bob and Bertjan Verbeek 1998 Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations London Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 16486 3 ISBN 978 0 203 45085 7 OCLC 39013643External links editNo official website is created for any G7 summit prior to 1995 see the 21st G7 summit University of Toronto G8 Research Group G8 Information Centre G7 1988 delegations amp documents CBC Digital Archives Leaders arrive at 1988 G7 Summit in Toronto Broadcast Date June 18 1988 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 14th G7 summit amp oldid 1163078063, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
