Flag of Kazakhstan
The national flag of Kazakhstan, also called the Kazakh flag (Kazakh: Қазақстан туы, Qazaqstan tuy, [qʰɑzɑqsˈtʰɑn to̙wɯ]; Russian: Флаг Казахстана, romanized: Flag Kazakhstana), was adopted on 4 June 1992, replacing the flag of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. The flag was designed by Shaken Niyazbekov.
| Қазақстан Республикасының мемлекеттік туы Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ memlekettık tuy Государственный Флаг Республики Казахстан Gosudarstvennyy Flag Respubliki Kazakhstan | |
| Use | National flag and civil ensign |
|---|---|
| Proportion | 1:2 |
| Adopted | 4 June 1992 |
| Design | A gold sun with 32 rays above a soaring golden steppe eagle, both centered on a turquoise field. The hoist side displays a national ornamental pattern "qoşqar-müiız" |
| Designed by | Shaken Niyazbekov |
Description edit
The national flag of the Republic of Kazakhstan has a gold sun with 32 rays above a soaring golden steppe eagle, both centered on a turquoise background; the hoist side displays a national ornamental pattern called "koshkar-muiz" (the horns of the ram) in gold; the blue colour is of religious significance to the Turkic peoples of the country, and so symbolises cultural and ethnic unity; it also represents the endless sky as well as water; the sun, a source of life and energy, exemplifies wealth and plenitude; the sun's rays are shaped like grain, which is the basis of abundance and prosperity; the eagle has appeared on the flags of Kazakh tribes for centuries and represents freedom, power, and the flight to the future. The width of the flag to its length is 1:2.[1]
| Colors Scheme | Blue | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| Pantone | 3125U | 102U |
| RGB | 0-171-194 | 255-236-45 |
| Hexadecimal | #00ABC2 | #FFEC2D |
| CMYK | 94% – 0% – 19% – 0% | 0% – 0% – 100% – 0% |
Symbolism edit
The gold and Blue (Munsell) colours were inherited from the former Soviet flag which were the gold from the hammer and sickle and the turquoise bar from the bottom of the flag. The pattern represents the art and cultural traditions of the old Khanate and the Kazakh people. The sun represents a source of life and energy. It is also a symbol of wealth and abundance; the sun's rays are a symbol of the steppe's grain which is the basis of abundance and prosperity.
People of different Kazakh tribes had the golden eagle on their flags for centuries. The eagle symbolises the power of the state. For the modern nation of Kazakhstan the eagle is a symbol of independence, freedom and flight to the future.[2]
History edit
Kazakh Khanate edit
The Kazakh Khanate was a decentralized state without an agreed upon flag. There is an alleged blue flag with a white endless knot and three white 5-pointed stars in the hoist side of the flag.
The depicted flag sometimes is considered to not be connected to Khanate. The ornament shown in the flag is not observed by any other Turkic countries, moreover it is an endless knot, which takes part in Buddhist and Hinduist cultures, while Kazakhs were mostly Muslims.
Although the ornament is considered to not be Kazakh, it still takes part in Kazakh culture. Some historians say that the ornament could get to Kazakhs by trading with Chinese, Oirats, or Dzungars, since ancient Turks and Chinese maintained close relationships.[3]
Russian Empire edit
In 1882, the Kazakh Khanate was disestablished when Russia invaded the Kazakh Steppe. Kazakh lands were divided in provinces and all of them used the flag of Russian Empire.
Central Asian Revolt edit
In 1916, Russia required Muslim people of central Asia to join Russian military forces. Russian colonial regime and economic instability lead to the Central Asian Revolt. Amongst Kazakhs, Amankeldı İmanov was leading figure in the revolts. He and his associated used red flag with the yellow text; blue half-moon in the top-left; blue bow, spear and an axe crossed on red background.
The text on the flag is in Arabic script, since Kazakh's writing system was Arabic prior to 1929. The text on the flag says: "Flag of warrior leader, Amangeldy batyr" (Batyr means hero in Kazakh).
Alash Autonomy edit
During World War I, Russia was exhausted as it was not ready for war. This was the reason for the food shortages, which occurred even in major cities like Petrograd. First revolution, started because of an economic instability led to the Russian ministers in charge of Central Asia to create the Alash party and found their own autonomy on territory of modern Kazakhstan.
Alash state again lacked one agreed flag, however the Autonomy had their proposed flags. Alikhan Bukeikhanov and Barlybek Syrtanov proposed the flag with green, yellow, red stripes and white crescent with yellow star in top-left in the draft constitution of the "Country of the Kazakhs" (1911), however, there is not a single historical confirmation of the use of this flag by the Alash Orda (1917–1920).[4] The direction of stripes is not mentioned. Sometimes people use the logo of Kazak, the journal published by members of Alash, as a flag of the Autonomy. This variant of flag depicts a yellow yurt on a white background, this flag is mentioned in the "Will of the People" newspaper as approved on 6 June 1918.[5]
- Flag of the "Country of Kazakhs" (1911)
- Second variant
- Flag of the Alash Autonomy, which is mentioned in 1918
Soviet Kazakhstan edit
After the victory of the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War, The Soviets consolidated Alash into the newly forming Kazakh Autonomy, resulting in the establishment of the Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic in 1920.
The first flag of the Kazakh ASSR consisted of two lines of yellow text in the canton, surrounded with a yellow line, reading "KSSR" (Kazakh SSR), and "R.F." (Russian Federation).
Kazakhstan was a part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic until the 1937 establishment of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic within the Union, and, subsequently, changed its flag. This flag had the hammer and sickle in the canton and the name of the republic in Kazakh and Russian under it. The Kazakh name was written in Latin, as the writing system of Kazakh changed in 1929 from Arabic to Latin.
The final change of flag of the flag of the Kazakh SSR happened in 1953, as all Soviet republics redesigned their flags. This flag consisted of a hammer and a sickle with a star above it and a light blue horizontal stripe on a red background. The flag was briefly used after Kazakhstan gained its independence in December 1991.
Republic of Kazakhstan edit
Unlike other formerly Soviet nations, like Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus or Ukraine, Kazakhstan did not have an official flag before becoming part of the Soviet Union. Kazakhstan kept its Soviet flag up until 4 June 1992.
The Government of Kazakhstan organized a contest on 2 January 1992, which received these proposed flags:
- Proposed flag depicting yellow circle with 8-pointed star in it, on blue background
- Flag with green, yellow and blue vertical stripes
- Flag with yellow, blue and red horizontal stripes and yellow crescent with stars
- Flag depicting two squares with yellow outline forming 8-pointed star on a blue background
- Flag depicting Shanyraq (the top of yurts) with crescent in center and sun in the top-left
- Flag with blue, white and green stripes and crescent with stars, which have a picture of wolf in it
- Flag with star and crescent in the canton, with a background of white, red and green stripes (the first being larger than the other two)
The designer of the current flag, Shaken Niyazbekov, had originally colored the ornament red. This was changed in July 1992 to the current shade of gold.
Variants edit
- Flag for the Kazakh armed forces, featuring a red star
- Presidential standard, featuring the national emblem
Gallery edit
- Alexander Vinokurov during the Men's cycling event at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London donning the Kazakh flags on rims
- The Kazakh flag at Embassy of Kazakhstan in Moscow
- T-72 tank in the national colours
- A crowd with the flag of Kazakhstan
- A flag of Kazakhstan flying
- Spectators with the Kazakh flag
- The flag of Kazakhstan hanging at the Kazakh Embassy in Stockholm
- Kazakh contingent during the 2015 Moscow Victory Day Parade with the national flag
- The national flag hanging vertically
- Detail on measurement specifications
See also edit
References edit
- ^ CIA – The World Fact Book 9 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Kazakhstan national flag". from the original on 11 February 2010. Retrieved 16 April 2008.
- ^ Davlenov, Eltai (2021). "What was Flag of Kazakh Khanate like?". from the original on 7 October 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
- ^ "Каким был государственный флаг Автономии Алаш?". e-history.kz (in Russian). from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
- ^ "Флаги Казахстана-VEXILLOGRAPHIA". vexillographia.ru. from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
- ^ "Kazakhstan in the Soviet Union (early flags)". from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "Флаги Советского Казахстана". from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
External links edit
- Kazakhstan at Flags of the World
- Kazakhstan – Vexillographia