Eibar
Eibar (Basque: Eibar, Spanish: Éibar) is a city and municipality within the province of Gipuzkoa, in the Basque Country of Spain. It is the head town of Debabarrena, one of the eskualde / comarca of Gipuzkoa.
Eibar | |
|---|---|
Flag Coat of arms | |
Eibar Location of Eibar within the Basque Autonomous Community Eibar Eibar (Spain) | |
| Coordinates: 43°11′N 2°28′W / 43.183°N 2.467°WCoordinates: 43°11′N 2°28′W / 43.183°N 2.467°W | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Basque Country |
| Province | Gipuzkoa |
| Eskualdea | Debabarrena |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Jon Iraola (PSE-EE) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 24.56 km2 (9.48 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 121 m (397 ft) |
| Population (2018)[1] | |
| • Total | 27,406 |
| • Density | 1,100/km2 (2,900/sq mi) |
| Website | Official website |
Eibar has 27,138 inhabitants (Eustat, 2018).[2] Its chief industry is metal manufacturing, and has been known since the 16th century for the manufacture of armaments, particularly finely engraved small arms. It was also the home of Serveta scooters.
Geography
Eibar lies at an altitude of 121m above sea level, in the west of the province of Gipuzkoa, right next to Biscay.[3] Eibar has an oceanic climate. The town lies in a narrow valley in a mountainous area, the highest mountains are between 700 and 800 metres high. Eibar is traversed by river Ego, which is a tributary of the Deba.[4]
Apart from the urban area, the municipality consists of five rural neighbourhoods: Otaola-Kinarraga, Aginaga, Arrate, Mandiola and Gorosta.[5]
History
The city was chartered by Alfonso XI of Castile in 1346, receiving the name of Villanueva de San Andrés de Heybar.[6][7]
The feudal families that dominated the territory engaged in the War of the Bands. Eibar, like the rest of settlements in the valley, had an industry based on finery forges and the manufacture of arms. In 1766, Eibar got engaged in a social revolt known as the Machinada, and years later, in 1794, it was attacked by the French, who destroyed the town.[6]
In the 19th century, industrialisation transformed the production systems in the city and was accompanied by an important social movement. In the Carlist Wars, Eibar sided with the Liberals. Labour movement and socialism became particularly strong in Eibar. In 1931, Eibar was the first city in Spain to proclaim the Second Spanish Republic; in recognition it was given the title of "Very Exemplary City".[6][8]
In the Spanish Civil War, Eibar was practically destroyed by Italian bombers aiding the Fascist. The rebuilding brought important industrial development and a demographic increase, as Eibar reached nearly 40,000 inhabitants in a few years.[6][9]
Due to the lack of space for enlargements, several factories moved to Durangaldea and Álava.[10] The industrial crisis in the 1980s also made Eibar lose a great part of its population.[6]
At the beginning of the 21st century, Eibar's economy is based on industry and services.[6]
Main sights
- Church of San Andrés, built during the 16th and 17th centuries, it has a Gothic style with Renaissance and Baroque elements.[13]
- Sanctuary of the Virgin of Arrate, from the beginning of the 17th century.[14]
- Hermitage of Azitain, it contains an odd 17th-century beardless Christ.[15]
- Palace of Unzueta, from the 17th century.[16]
- Palace of Aldatze, from the 17th century.[17]
- Palace of Markeskua, from the 16th century.[18]
- City Hall, built in concrete over the river Ego, designed by architect Ramón Cortázar and inaugurated on 14 September 1901.[19]
- Coliseo Theatre, inaugurated in 1947 and refurbished in 2007.[20]
Church of San Andrés in Eibar.
City Hall.
Sanctuary of Arrate.
Transport
- Road
Eibar is traversed by the AP-8 motorway connecting Bilbao and the French border, and the N-634 road running parallel to it. The AP-1 motorway connects Eibar and Vitoria-Gasteiz. AP-8 and AP-1 meet at the Maltzaga motorway junction located in the east of Eibar.[21]
Regular and frequent bus services under Lurraldebus connect Eibar to neighbouring towns, San Sebastián, Vitoria-Gasteiz and Bilbao Airport.[22] BizkaiBus provides regular and frequent bus services to and from Bilbao.[23] ALSA runs a daily service to and from Madrid-Barajas Airport and Madrid.[24]
Eibar also has an urban bus service called Udalbus.[25]
- Railway
Eibar is located on the Bilbao-San Sebastián narrow gauge railway line. Trains operated by Euskotren run frequently and regularly to Bilbao-Matiko station and Donostia-Amara station. Services are more frequent in the Ermua-Eibar-Elgoibar section.
There are five stations in Eibar, from west to east: Unibertsitatea-Eibar, Amaña-Eibar, Ardantza-Eibar, Eibar and Azitain-Eibar.
Education
The Gipuzkoa Faculty of Engineering of the University of the Basque Country has a section in Eibar. The section offers an undergraduate program in renewable energy engineering.[26]
The Escuela de Armería, founded in 1913, is the oldest vocational training school in Spain.[27]
Sport
- Football
Eibar is home to SD Eibar, which earned promotion to La Liga in the 2013-14 season. After seven seasons in the top division, it was relegated to Segunda División in the 2021–21 season. The team plays at the Ipurua Municipal Stadium.
The women's section of SD Eibar was granted promotion to Primera División in the 2019–20 season. After two seasons in the top division, it was relegated to Primera Federación in the 2021–22 season. The team plays at the Unbe Sports Complex.
- Basque pelota
The Astelena fronton, nicknamed the Cathedral of Basque Hand-pelota, is a regular venue of the hand-pelota professional circuit competitions the Bare-handed Pelota First League, the Bare-handed Pelota First League Doubles and the Cuatro y Medio Euskadi Championship.
- Cycling
Since 2009, the city hosts an annual stage finish in the Tour of Basque Country, usually after the riders have climbed the Alto de Arrate. Before 2009, this was a traditional finish in the Euskal Bizikleta, which originated in Eibar as Bicicleta Eibarresa.[28] The Arrate-finish has also been included in the Vuelta a España in 1972, 1974, 2012 and 2020.[29][30]
Notable people
- Francisco de Ibarra (1539–1575), explorer and conqueror
- Martín Ignacio de Loyola (1550–1606), missionary and navigator
- Ignacio de Soroeta (?–17??), Governor of Paraguay
- Juan Antonio Mogel (1745–1804), writer
- Plácido Zuloaga (1834–1910), sculptor and metalworker
- Ignacio Zuloaga (1870–1945), painter
- Ciriaco Errasti (1904–1984), footballer
- Baltasar Albéniz (1905–1978), football manager
- Roberto Etxebarria Arruti (1908–1981), footballer
- Víctor Lecumberri (1913–2005) was a Spanish politician
- Miguel Gallastegui (1918–2019), Basque pelotari
- Alicia Iturrioz (1927–2021), painter[31]
- Alberto Ormaetxea (1939–2005), footballer and football manager
- Luis Aranberri (1945–), politician and journalist
- Javier Aguirresarobe (1948–), cinematographer
- Koldo Zuazo (1956–), linguist
- Enrique Zuazua (1961–), mathematician
- Maite Zúñiga (1964–), athlete
- Pedro Horrillo (1974–), cyclist
- Patxi Usobiaga (1980–), climber
- Markel Susaeta (1987–), footballer
- Jon Errasti (1988–), footballer
- Markel Alberdi (1991–), swimmer
- Mikel Oyarzabal (1997–), footballer
- Odei Jainaga (1997–), athlete
See also
References
- ^ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
- ^ "Eibar". Basque Statistics Office. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ^ "Eibar". Foral Council of Gipuzkoa (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
- ^ "Eibar". Egoibarra (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
- ^ "Baserriak eta auzoak". Egoibarra (in Basque). Retrieved 14 October 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f "Historia de Eibar". Egoibarra (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
- ^ "Año 1346". Cronología Histórica (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
- ^ Ormazabal, Mikel (14 April 2011). "Eibar, el orgullo republicano". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
- ^ "Habitantes de Eibar". Egoibarra (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
- ^ "La inmigración llegada a Eibar contribuyó a la construcción de una ciudad mejor". El Diario Vasco (in Spanish). 2 April 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
- ^ Eibarko ahozko ondarea, from Ahotsak.com website.
- ^ Ahotsak.com. Youtube (January 2014). Eibarko ahozko ondarea. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C6P7TxE8OLY
- ^ "Parroquia San Andrés". Egoibarra (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 July 2016.
- ^ "Santuario de Arrate". Egoibarra (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 July 2016.
- ^ "El Cristo imberbe, uno de los pocos que hay en el mundo". El Correo (in Spanish). 26 February 2010. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
- ^ "Casa-Torre de Unzueta". Basque Country Tourism Department (in Spanish). 15 January 2007. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
- ^ "Palacio Iñarra (Aldatze)". Egoibarra (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 July 2016.
- ^ "Palacio de los Isasi (Markeskua)". Basque Country Tourism Department (in Spanish). November 2007. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
- ^ "Casa Consistorial de Eibar". Basque Country Tourism Department (in Spanish). 15 January 2007. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
- ^ "Teatro Coliseo". Eibar City Council (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 July 2016.
- ^ "Carreteras". Foral Council of Gipuzkoa (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
- ^ "Líneas y Horarios". Lurraldebus (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
- ^ "Bizkaibus". Foral Council of Biscay (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
- ^ "Se pone en marcha el nuevo servicio de autobús desde Eibar hasta Madrid". El Diario Vasco (in Spanish). 21 September 2015. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
- ^ "Servicio Udalbus Eibar". City Council of Eibar (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
- ^ "We Are Two Sections". University of the Basque Country (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ Zubía y otros, Rafael (1989). Escuela de Armería de Éibar Eibarko Armeria Eskola 75 urteurrena. CIUDAD: Eibar EDITORIAL: Escuela de Armería. BI 1171/89.
- ^ "Euskal Bizikleta: una carrera con base histórica". Juanjo Sebastian (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 October 2014.
- ^ "El Santuario de Arrate, final de etapa de la Vuelta Ciclista a España" (in Spanish). SER. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
- ^ "La Vuelta de otoño pierde tres etapas". El País (in Spanish). 19 April 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
- ^ Lorenzo, Clara G. (2021-09-09). "Muere la pintora Alicia Iturrioz a los 94 años" [The Painter Alicia Iturrioz Dies at 94]. La Nueva España (in Spanish). from the original on 2021-09-09. Retrieved 2022-01-02.
External links
- Official website
- eibar.org
- Eibar's pages
- EIBAR in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia (Euskomedia Fundazioa) (in Spanish)