Municipalities of Spain
The municipality (Spanish: municipio, IPA: [muniˈθipjo], Catalan: municipi, Galician: concello, Basque: udalerria, Asturian: conceyu)[note 1] is the basic local administrative division in Spain[1] together with the province[citation needed].
| Municipality | |
|---|---|
| Category | Municipality |
| Location | Spain |
| Found in | Province |
| Number | 8,131 (as of 10 June 2022) |
| Populations | 3 - 3,305,408 (Madrid) |
| Government | |
Organisation
Each municipality forms part of a province which in turn forms part or the whole of an autonomous community (17 in total plus Ceuta and Melilla): some autonomous communities also group municipalities into entities known as comarcas (districts) or mancomunidades (commonwealths). There are a total of 8,131 municipalities in Spain, including the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla.[2] In the Principality of Asturias, municipalities are officially named concejos (councils).[3]
The average population of a municipality is about 5,300, but this figure masks a huge range: the most populous Spanish municipality is the city of Madrid, with a population of 3,305,408 (2022), while several rural municipalities have fewer than ten inhabitants (Illán de Vacas, had a population of three in 2022[2]). 84% (6817) of municipalities have less than 5,000 inhabitants. Castile and León alone accounts for 28% of municipalities but has less than 6% of the population of Spain. A European report said that one of the most important problems facing local governments in Spain is the very high number of little towns with a low number of inhabitants.[4]
The area of the municipal territory (Spanish: término municipal) usually ranges 2–40 km2, but some municipalities span across a much larger area, up to the 1,750.33 km2 of Cáceres', the largest municipality in the country.[5]
The organisation of the municipalities is governed by a 2 April 1985 law, completed by the 18 April 1986 royal decree. The Statutes of Autonomy of the various autonomous communities also contain provisions concerning the relations between the municipalities and the autonomous governments. In general, municipalities enjoy a large degree of autonomy in their local affairs: many of the functions of the comarcas and provinces are municipal powers pooled together.
The governing body in most municipalities is called ayuntamiento (municipal council or corporation), a term often also used to refer to the municipal headquarters (city/town hall). The ayuntamiento is composed of the mayor (Spanish: alcalde), the deputy mayors (Spanish: tenientes de alcalde) and the deliberative assembly (pleno) of councillors (concejales). Another form of local government used in small municipalities is the concejo abierto (open council), in which the deliberative assembly is formed by all the electors in the municipality.
History
Municipalities were first created by decree on 23 May 1812 as part of the liberal reforms associated with the new Spanish Constitution of 1812 and based on similar actions in revolutionary France. The idea was to rationalise and homogenise territorial organisation, do away with the prior feudal system and provide equality before the law of all citizens.[6]
Between 1812 and 1931 the legislation regarding municipal organisation was changed more than 20 times, and there were 20 addition and unsuccessful proposals for change.[7]
Terminology
| English | Spanish | Catalan / Valencian | Galician | Basque | Asturian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Municipality | Municipio | Municipi | Concello, municipio | Udalerria | Conceyu |
| Municipal corporation | Ayuntamiento, consistorio | Ajuntament, consistori | Concello | Udala | Ayuntamientu |
| Mayor | Masc.: Alcalde, regidor Fem.: alcaldesa, regidora | Masc.: Alcalde, batlle Fem.: alcaldessa, batllessa | Alcalde | Alkatea | Alcalde |
| Deputy Mayor | Teniente de alcalde | Masc.: Tinent d'alcalde Fem.: Tinenta d'alcalde | Tenente de alcalde | Alkateordea | Teniente d'alcalde |
| Governing commission | Comisión de gobierno, junta de gobierno | Comissió de govern | Comisión de goberno | Gobernu batzordea | Comisión de gobiernu |
| Plenary assembly | Pleno | Ple | Pleno | Osoko bilkura | Plenu |
| Councillor | Masc.: concejal Fem.: concejala | Masc.: regidor Fem.: regidora | Concelleiro | Zinegotzia | Conceyal |
| City hall | Ayuntamiento, casa consistorial, palacio municipal, casa de la villa | Ajuntament, casa de la vila | Casa do concello, concello | Udaletxea | Casa conceyu |
See also
Notes
- ^ In other languages of Spain:
- Catalan/Valencian municipis (IPA: [muniˈsipis]), sing. municipi.
- Galician municipios (IPA: [muniˈθipjʊs]) or bisbarras (IPA: [bizˈβarɐs]), sing. municipio/bisbarra.
- Basque udalerriak (IPA: [udaleriak]), sing. udalerria.
- Asturian conceyos (IPA: [konˈθejʊs]), sing. conceyu.
References
- ^ Albet i Mas 2019, p. 21.
- ^ a b Register of Local Entities.
- ^ Statute of Autonomy of the Principality of Asturias, Art. 6.1: "El Principado de Asturias se organiza territorialmente en municipios, que recibirán la denominación tradicional de Concejos, y en Comarcas".
- ^ Cools & Verbeek 2013, Explanatory Memorandum paragraph 12 on page 7.
- ^ "Cáceres, el municipio más extenso del país". Hoy. 28 July 2008.
- ^ Albet i Mas 2019, pp. 14, 15.
- ^ Albet i Mas 2019, p. 15.
Bibliography
- Spanish Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation. "Register of Local Entities". Local Entity Portal (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 June 2022.
- Albet i Mas, Abel (2019). "The municipal map in Spain: structure, evolution and problems". Geopolitica(s). Revista de estudios sobre espacio y poder (in Spanish). 10 (1): 11–40. doi:10.5209/GEOP.63834.
- Cools, Marc; Verbeek, Leen (19–21 March 2013). Local and regional democracy in Spain. Council of Europe.