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Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib

February 26, 2023

For the son of Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib, see Abbas ibn Ali.

Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (Arabic: ٱلْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلْمُطَّلِبِ, romanized: al-ʿAbbās ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib; c. 567–653 CE) was a paternal uncle and Sahabi (companion) of Muhammad, just three years older than his nephew. A wealthy merchant, during the early years of Islam he protected Muhammad while he was in Mecca, but only became a convert after the Battle of Badr in 624 CE (2 AH). His descendants founded the Abbasid dynasty in 750.[1]

Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib
ٱلْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلْمُطَّلِبِ
Bornc. 567
Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia (present-day KSA)
Diedc. 653 (aged 89)
Medina, Rashidun Caliphate (present-day KSA)
Known forPaternal uncle of Muhammad and eponymous ancestor of the Abbasid Dynasty
Spouses
Children
Parents
Relatives
brothers:
sisters:
FamilyBanu Hashim (Quraysh)

Early years

Abbas, born around 565 CE, was one of the younger sons of Abd al-Muttalib. His mother was Nutayla bint Janab of the Namir tribe.[2] After his father's death, he took over the Zamzam Well and the distribution of water to the pilgrims.[3] He became a spice-merchant in Mecca,[4] a trade that made him wealthy.[5]

Conversion to Islam

During the years when the Muslim religion was gaining adherents (610–622), Abbas provided protection to his kinsman but did not adopt the faith. He acted as a spokesman at the Second Pledge of Aqaba,[6] but he was not among those who emigrated to Medina.

Having fought on the side of the polytheists, Abbas was captured during the Battle of Badr. Muhammad allowed al-Abbas to ransom himself and his nephew.[7]

Ibn Hisham said that Abbas had become a secret Muslim before the Battle of Badr;[8] but a clear statement to that effect is missing from Tabari's citation of the same source.[9][10] It is said by some authorities that he converted to Islam shortly after the Battle of Badr.[11]

It is elsewhere implied that Abbas did not formally profess Islam until January 630, just before the fall of Mecca, twenty years after his wife Lubaba converted.[12] Muhammad then named him "last of the migrants" (Muhajirun), which entitled him to the proceeds of the spoils of war. He was given the right to provide Zamzam water to pilgrims, a right which was passed down to his descendants.[1]

Abbas immediately joined Muhammad's army, participating in the Conquest of Mecca, the Battle of Hunayn and the Siege of Ta'if. He defended Muhammad at Hunayn when other warriors deserted him.[13] After these military exploits, Abbas brought his family to live in Medina, where Muhammad frequently visited them[14] and even proposed marriage to his daughter.[15]

Later Abbas fought in the expedition to Tabuk.[13]

Family

Abbas had at least five wives.

  1. Lubaba bint al-Harith (Arabic: لبابة بنت الحارث), also known as Umm al-Fadl, was from the Banu Hilal tribe. Umm al-Fadl claimed to be the second woman to convert to Islam, the same day as her close friend Khadijah, the first wife of Muhammad. Umm al-Fadl's traditions of the Prophet appear in all canonical collections of hadiths. She showed her piety by supernumerary fasting and by attacking Abu Lahab, the enemy of the Muslims, with a tent pole.[16]
  2. Fatima bint Junayd, from the Al-Harith clan of the Quraysh tribe.[17]
  3. Hajila bint Jundub ibn Rabia, from the Hilal tribe.[18]
  4. Musliya, a Greek concubine.[19][20]
  5. Tukana, a Jewish woman from the Qurayza tribe, whom Abbas married after 632.[21] It is not known whether any of the children were hers.

The known children of Abbas were:

  1. Al-Faraa, who married Qatn ibn Al-Harith, a brother of Lubaba. Her mother is not named.[22]

The following were all the offspring of Lubaba.[23]

  1. Al-Fadl.
  2. Abd Allah.
  3. Ubayd Allah. Ubayd Allah's daughter Lubaba married Abbas ibn Ali and had a son Ubayd Allah ibn Abbas ibn Ali.
  4. Qutham.
  5. Ma'bad.
  6. Abd al-Rahman.
  7. Umm Habib.

Other children

  1. Al-Harith. His mother is said to have been either Fatima[17] or Hajila.[18]
  2. Awn, whose mother is not named.[24]
  3. Mushir, whose mother is not named.[25]
  4. Kathir, son of Musliya.[26]
  5. Amina, probably the daughter of Musliya.[19][27]
  6. Safiya, probably the daughter of Musliya.[19][27]
  7. Tammam, the youngest, son of Musliya.[26]

Death

Abbas died in February 653 at the age of 89. He is buried at the Jannatul Baqee cemetery in Medina, Saudi Arabia.[28][29]

Legacy

Further information: Abbasid Caliphate, Abbasid dynasty, and Caliphate

The Abbasid dynasty founded in 750 by Abu al-ʻAbbās ʻAbdallāh as-Saffāh better known as As-Saffah claimed the title of caliph (literally "successor") through their descent from Abbas's son Abdallah.[30]

Many other families claimed direct descent from Abbas, including the Kalhoras of Sindh,[31] the Berber Banu Abbas,[32] and the modern-day Bawazir of Yemen[33] and Shaigiya and Ja'Alin of Sudan.[34]

Ancestors and family tree

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Huston Smith, Cyril Glasse (2002), The new encyclopedia of Islam, Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, ISBN 0-7591-0190-6
  2. ^ al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir (1998). Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors. Vol. 39. Albany: State University of New York Press. p. 24.
  3. ^ Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). The Life of Muhammad, p. 79. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  4. ^ Ibn Ishaq/Guillaume, p. 113.
  5. ^ Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume) pp. 309–310.
  6. ^ Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume) p. 203.
  7. ^ Wahba, al-Mawardi Translated by Wafaa H (2000), The ordinances of government = Al-Aḥkām al-sulṭāniyya w'al-wilāyāt al-Dīniyya, Reading: Garnet, ISBN 1-85964-140-7
  8. ^ Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume) p. 309.
  9. ^ Alfred Guillaume's footnote to Ibn Ishaq (1955) p. 309.
  10. ^ Tabari, Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk. Translated by McDonald, M. V. (1987). Volume 7: The Foundation of the Community, p. 68. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  11. ^ Annotated (1998), The history of al-Ṭabarī = (Taʼrīkh al-rusul wa'l mulūk), Albany: State University of New York Press, ISBN 0-7914-2820-6
  12. ^ Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume) pp. 546–548.
  13. ^ a b Tabari (Landau-Tasseron) pp. 24–25.
  14. ^ Ibn Saad, Tabaqat vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). The Women of Madina, p. 194. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
  15. ^ Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume) p. 311.
  16. ^ Roded, Ruth (1994), Women in islamic biographical collections : from Ibn Saʻd to Who's who. P37-38, Boulder u.a.: Rienner, ISBN 1-55587-442-8
  17. ^ a b Ibn Hajar, Isaba vol. 8 #11586.
  18. ^ a b Ibn Hajar, Isaba vol. 2 #1904.
  19. ^ a b c Ibn Saad, Tabaqat vol. 4. “Al-Abbas ibn Abdalmuttalib.”
  20. ^ Beheshti, M. (1967). Background of the Birth of Islam, chapter 5. Translated by Ayoub, M. M. (1985). Tehran: International Publishing Co.
  21. ^ Majlisi, Hayat Al-Qulub vol. 2. Translated by Rizvi, A Detailed Biography of Prophet Muhammad (saww), p. 1180.
  22. ^ Ibn Hajar, Isaba vol. 5 #7129.
  23. ^ Tabari (Landau-Tasseron) p. 201.
  24. ^ Ibn Hajar, Isaba vol. 5 #6279.
  25. ^ Ibn Hajar, Isaba vol. 6 #8329.
  26. ^ a b Tabari (Landau-Tasseron) vol. 39 pp. 75–76.
  27. ^ a b See also Majlisi (Rizvi) p. 1208.
  28. ^ Tabari (Landau-Tasseron) vol. 39 p. 25.
  29. ^ Faruk Aksoy, Omer Faruk Aksoy (2007), The blessed cities of Islam, Makka-Madina, Somerset, NJ: Light Pub., ISBN 978-1-59784-061-3
  30. ^ Ira Lapidus. A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge University Press. 2002 ISBN 0-521-77056-4 p.54
  31. ^ History of Daudpota's, Altaf Daudpota, retrieved 2009-04-12
  32. ^ Abbasis of Murree, Kahuta and Bahawalpur Brett, Michael Fentress (1997), The Berbers, Oxford: Blackwell, ISBN 0-631-20767-8
  33. ^ Web Site of the Bawazir Abbasid Hashimite Family
  34. ^ Nicholls, W (1913), The Shaikiya: an Account of the Shaikiya Tribes, of the History of Dongola Province from the XIVth to the XIXth Century

February 26, 2023
abbas, muttalib, caliph, talib, abbas, arabic, ٱل, اس, ٱل, romanized, ʿabbās, ʿabd, muṭṭalib, paternal, uncle, sahabi, companion, muhammad, just, three, years, older, than, nephew, wealthy, merchant, during, early, years, islam, protected, muhammad, while, mec. For the son of Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib see Abbas ibn Ali Al Abbas ibn Abd al Muttalib Arabic ٱل ع ب اس ب ن ع ب د ٱل م ط ل ب romanized al ʿAbbas ibn ʿAbd al Muṭṭalib c 567 653 CE was a paternal uncle and Sahabi companion of Muhammad just three years older than his nephew A wealthy merchant during the early years of Islam he protected Muhammad while he was in Mecca but only became a convert after the Battle of Badr in 624 CE 2 AH His descendants founded the Abbasid dynasty in 750 1 Al Abbas ibn Abd al Muttalibٱل ع ب اس ب ن ع ب د ٱل م ط ل ب Bornc 567 Mecca Hejaz Arabia present day KSA Diedc 653 aged 89 Medina Rashidun Caliphate present day KSA Known forPaternal uncle of Muhammad and eponymous ancestor of the Abbasid DynastySpousesLubaba bint al HarithFatima bint JunaydHajila bint JundabMusliyaTukanaChildrenFadlAbdullahQutham among others ParentsAbd al Muttalib father Natila bint Janab mother Relativesbrothers Al HarithAbdullahAl ZubayrAbu TalibAbu LahabHamzaHajlAl Muqawwim sisters Umm ḤakimUmaymahArwa AtikahBarrahSafiyyahFamilyBanu Hashim Quraysh Contents 1 Early years 2 Conversion to Islam 3 Family 4 Death 5 Legacy 6 Ancestors and family tree 7 See also 8 ReferencesEarly years EditAbbas born around 565 CE was one of the younger sons of Abd al Muttalib His mother was Nutayla bint Janab of the Namir tribe 2 After his father s death he took over the Zamzam Well and the distribution of water to the pilgrims 3 He became a spice merchant in Mecca 4 a trade that made him wealthy 5 Conversion to Islam EditDuring the years when the Muslim religion was gaining adherents 610 622 Abbas provided protection to his kinsman but did not adopt the faith He acted as a spokesman at the Second Pledge of Aqaba 6 but he was not among those who emigrated to Medina Having fought on the side of the polytheists Abbas was captured during the Battle of Badr Muhammad allowed al Abbas to ransom himself and his nephew 7 Ibn Hisham said that Abbas had become a secret Muslim before the Battle of Badr 8 but a clear statement to that effect is missing from Tabari s citation of the same source 9 10 It is said by some authorities that he converted to Islam shortly after the Battle of Badr 11 It is elsewhere implied that Abbas did not formally profess Islam until January 630 just before the fall of Mecca twenty years after his wife Lubaba converted 12 Muhammad then named him last of the migrants Muhajirun which entitled him to the proceeds of the spoils of war He was given the right to provide Zamzam water to pilgrims a right which was passed down to his descendants 1 Abbas immediately joined Muhammad s army participating in the Conquest of Mecca the Battle of Hunayn and the Siege of Ta if He defended Muhammad at Hunayn when other warriors deserted him 13 After these military exploits Abbas brought his family to live in Medina where Muhammad frequently visited them 14 and even proposed marriage to his daughter 15 Later Abbas fought in the expedition to Tabuk 13 Family EditAbbas had at least five wives Lubaba bint al Harith Arabic لبابة بنت الحارث also known as Umm al Fadl was from the Banu Hilal tribe Umm al Fadl claimed to be the second woman to convert to Islam the same day as her close friend Khadijah the first wife of Muhammad Umm al Fadl s traditions of the Prophet appear in all canonical collections of hadiths She showed her piety by supernumerary fasting and by attacking Abu Lahab the enemy of the Muslims with a tent pole 16 Fatima bint Junayd from the Al Harith clan of the Quraysh tribe 17 Hajila bint Jundub ibn Rabia from the Hilal tribe 18 Musliya a Greek concubine 19 20 Tukana a Jewish woman from the Qurayza tribe whom Abbas married after 632 21 It is not known whether any of the children were hers The known children of Abbas were Al Faraa who married Qatn ibn Al Harith a brother of Lubaba Her mother is not named 22 The following were all the offspring of Lubaba 23 Al Fadl Abd Allah Ubayd Allah Ubayd Allah s daughter Lubaba married Abbas ibn Ali and had a son Ubayd Allah ibn Abbas ibn Ali Qutham Ma bad Abd al Rahman Umm Habib Other children Al Harith His mother is said to have been either Fatima 17 or Hajila 18 Awn whose mother is not named 24 Mushir whose mother is not named 25 Kathir son of Musliya 26 Amina probably the daughter of Musliya 19 27 Safiya probably the daughter of Musliya 19 27 Tammam the youngest son of Musliya 26 Death EditAbbas died in February 653 at the age of 89 He is buried at the Jannatul Baqee cemetery in Medina Saudi Arabia 28 29 Legacy EditFurther information Abbasid Caliphate Abbasid dynasty and Caliphate The Abbasid dynasty founded in 750 by Abu al ʻAbbas ʻAbdallah as Saffah better known as As Saffah claimed the title of caliph literally successor through their descent from Abbas s son Abdallah 30 Many other families claimed direct descent from Abbas including the Kalhoras of Sindh 31 the Berber Banu Abbas 32 and the modern day Bawazir of Yemen 33 and Shaigiya and Ja Alin of Sudan 34 Ancestors and family tree EditQuraysh tribeWaqida bint AmrAbd Manaf ibn QusaiAtikah bint MurrahNawfal ibn Abd Manaf Abd ShamsBarraHalaMuṭṭalib ibn Abd ManafHashimSalma bint AmrUmayya ibn Abd ShamsʿAbd al MuṭṭalibHarbAbu al ʿAsʿAminahʿAbdallahHamzaAbi ṬalibAz Zubayral ʿAbbasAbu LahabʾAbi Sufyan ibn Harbal ḤakamʿUthmanʿAffanMUHAMMAD Family tree Khadija bint KhuwaylidʿAli Family tree Khawlah bint Ja farʿAbd AllahMuʿawiyah IMarwan IʿUthman ibn ʿAffanRuqayyahFatimahMuhammad ibn al HanafiyyahʿAli ibn ʿAbdallahSufyanidsMarwanidsal Ḥasanal Ḥusayn Family tree Abu Hashim Imam of al Mukhtar and Hashimiyya Muhammad al Imam Abbasids Ibrahim al Imam al Saffaḥal MansurSee also EditSahabah List of Sahabah List of notable Hijazis Muhammad Banu Abbas Banu HashimReferences Edit a b Huston Smith Cyril Glasse 2002 The new encyclopedia of Islam Walnut Creek CA AltaMira Press ISBN 0 7591 0190 6 al Tabari Muhammad ibn Jarir 1998 Tarikh al Rusul wa l Muluk Biographies of the Prophet s Companions and Their Successors Vol 39 Albany State University of New York Press p 24 Ibn Ishaq Sirat Rasul Allah Translated by Guillaume A 1955 The Life of Muhammad p 79 Oxford Oxford University Press Ibn Ishaq Guillaume p 113 Ibn Ishaq Guillaume pp 309 310 Ibn Ishaq Guillaume p 203 Wahba al Mawardi Translated by Wafaa H 2000 The ordinances of government Al Aḥkam al sulṭaniyya w al wilayat al Diniyya Reading Garnet ISBN 1 85964 140 7 Ibn Ishaq Guillaume p 309 Alfred Guillaume s footnote to Ibn Ishaq 1955 p 309 Tabari Tarikh al Rusul wa l Muluk Translated by McDonald M V 1987 Volume 7 The Foundation of the Community p 68 Albany State University of New York Press Annotated 1998 The history of al Ṭabari Taʼrikh al rusul wa l muluk Albany State University of New York Press ISBN 0 7914 2820 6 Ibn Ishaq Guillaume pp 546 548 a b Tabari Landau Tasseron pp 24 25 Ibn Saad Tabaqat vol 8 Translated by Bewley A 1995 The Women of Madina p 194 London Ta Ha Publishers Ibn Ishaq Guillaume p 311 Roded Ruth 1994 Women in islamic biographical collections from Ibn Saʻd to Who s who P37 38 Boulder u a Rienner ISBN 1 55587 442 8 a b Ibn Hajar Isaba vol 8 11586 a b Ibn Hajar Isaba vol 2 1904 a b c Ibn Saad Tabaqat vol 4 Al Abbas ibn Abdalmuttalib Beheshti M 1967 Background of the Birth of Islam chapter 5 Translated by Ayoub M M 1985 Tehran International Publishing Co Majlisi Hayat Al Qulub vol 2 Translated by Rizvi A Detailed Biography of Prophet Muhammad saww p 1180 Ibn Hajar Isaba vol 5 7129 Tabari Landau Tasseron p 201 Ibn Hajar Isaba vol 5 6279 Ibn Hajar Isaba vol 6 8329 a b Tabari Landau Tasseron vol 39 pp 75 76 a b See also Majlisi Rizvi p 1208 Tabari Landau Tasseron vol 39 p 25 Faruk Aksoy Omer Faruk Aksoy 2007 The blessed cities of Islam Makka Madina Somerset NJ Light Pub ISBN 978 1 59784 061 3 Ira Lapidus A History of Islamic Societies Cambridge University Press 2002 ISBN 0 521 77056 4 p 54 History of Daudpota s Altaf Daudpota retrieved 2009 04 12 Abbasis of Murree Kahuta and Bahawalpur Brett Michael Fentress 1997 The Berbers Oxford Blackwell ISBN 0 631 20767 8 Web Site of the Bawazir Abbasid Hashimite Family Nicholls W 1913 The Shaikiya an Account of the Shaikiya Tribes of the History of Dongola Province from the XIVth to the XIXth Century Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Abbas ibn Abd al Muttalib amp oldid 1139711498, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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