An SGM Plus profile consists of a list of 10 number pairs, one number pair for each of 10 genetic markers, along with two letters (XX or XY) which show the result of the Amelogenin sex indicating test. Each number pair denotes the two allele values for the marker - one value is inherited from each of the subject's parents. If both alleles are the same, then only a single number, rather than a pair, is recorded.
The genetic markers (or loci) used by SGM Plus are all short tandem repeats (STRs). The markers used are: VWA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, TH01, FGA, D3S1358, D16S539, D2S1338 and D19S433. Where a marker's designation begins with D, the digits immediately following the D indicate the chromosome that contains the marker. For example, D21S11 is on chromosome 21. SGM Plus also uses the amelogenin (amelo) sex-indicating test.
SGM Plus differs from SGM in that SGM does not use the markers D3S1358, D16S539, D2S1338 and D19S433.
SGM Plus has eight markers in common with CODIS FGA, TH01, VWA, D3S1358, D8S1179, D16S539, D18S51, and D21S11. It differs from CODIS in that it uses the additional markers D2S1338 and D19S433 and does not use the five markers CSF1PO, TPOX, D5S818, D7S820, D13S317.[1]
Characteristics of alleles observed in the SGM Plus loci[2]
Each value is the number of tandem repeats within the allele. A non-standard repeat is designated by the number of complete repeat units and the number of base pairs of the partial repeat, separated by a decimal point.
Probability of Identity
The probability of identify (also known as the random match probability) is the probability that two individuals selected at random will have an identical genetic profile.
Applied Biosystems estimates the probability of identity for SGM Plus to be approximately 1 in 13 trillion for African-Americans and 1 in 3.3 trillion Caucasian Americans.[6]
The Human Genetics Commission has reported that the random match probability is in the region of 1 in a trillion. However it stated "When the SGM Plus profiling system was first introduced, there was agreement within the scientific community that identifications with match probabilities lower than one in a billion would not be quoted in the courts of law, so as to avoid overstating the value of the DNA evidence to take into account that match probabilities are only estimates, and to make sure that the figure used was one that was meaningful to non-specialists." [7]
The UK Crown Prosecution Service states "SGM Plus DNA profiling is very discriminating between individuals. The probability of obtaining a match between the profiles of two unrelated individuals by chance is very low, of the order of 1 in a billion. However, it has not yet been possible to carry out the required statistical testing to be able to quote this match probability, and in practice a more conservative chance match figure of 1 in 1,000 million is used."[8]
^. Archived from the original on 2010-03-03. Retrieved 2010-03-02.
^AmpFlSTR SGM Plus PCR Amplification Kit User's Manual(PDF). pp. 14–12.
^Human Genetics Commission. Nothing to hide, nothing to fear? p.49 (PDF) (Report).
^The Crown Prosecution Service. "B4. Adventitious (chance) DNA Matches".
External links
Short Tandem Repeat DNA Internet DataBase
AmpFlSTR SGM Plus PCR Amplification Kit User's Manual
March 04, 2023
second, generation, multiplex, plus, plus, profiling, system, developed, applied, biosystems, updated, version, second, generation, multiplex, plus, been, used, national, database, since, 1998, plus, profile, consists, list, number, pairs, number, pair, each, . Second Generation Multiplex Plus SGM Plus is a DNA profiling system developed by Applied Biosystems It is an updated version of Second Generation Multiplex SGM Plus has been used by the UK National DNA Database since 1998 An SGM Plus profile consists of a list of 10 number pairs one number pair for each of 10 genetic markers along with two letters XX or XY which show the result of the Amelogenin sex indicating test Each number pair denotes the two allele values for the marker one value is inherited from each of the subject s parents If both alleles are the same then only a single number rather than a pair is recorded Contents 1 Genetic markers 2 Dye tags 3 Example SGM Plus profile 4 Probability of Identity 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksGenetic markers EditThe genetic markers or loci used by SGM Plus are all short tandem repeats STRs The markers used are VWA D8S1179 D21S11 D18S51 TH01 FGA D3S1358 D16S539 D2S1338 and D19S433 Where a marker s designation begins with D the digits immediately following the D indicate the chromosome that contains the marker For example D21S11 is on chromosome 21 SGM Plus also uses the amelogenin amelo sex indicating test SGM Plus differs from SGM in that SGM does not use the markers D3S1358 D16S539 D2S1338 and D19S433 SGM Plus has eight markers in common with CODIS FGA TH01 VWA D3S1358 D8S1179 D16S539 D18S51 and D21S11 It differs from CODIS in that it uses the additional markers D2S1338 and D19S433 and does not use the five markers CSF1PO TPOX D5S818 D7S820 D13S317 1 Characteristics of alleles observed in the SGM Plus loci 2 Locusdesignation Chromosomelocation Common sequence motif Allelerange Size range bp Dye labelFGA 4q28 TTTC 3TTTT TTCT CTTT n CTCC TTCC 2 12 2 51 2 215 353 NEDTH01 11p15 5 AATG n 3 14 165 204 NEDVWA 12p12 pter TCTA TCTG 3 4 TCTA n 10 25 157 209 5 FAMD2S1338 2q35 37 1 TGCC n TTCC n 15 28 289 341 5 FAMD3S1358 3p TCTA TCTG 1 3 TCTA n 8 21 114 142 5 FAMD8S1179 8 TCTR n 7 20 128 172 JOED16S539 16q24 qter AGAT n 5 16 234 274 5 FAMD18S51 18q21 3 AGAA n 7 39 2 26 345 JOED19S433 19q12 13 1 AAGG AAAG AAGG TAGG AAGG n 9 17 2 106 140 NEDD21S11 21q11 2 q21 TCTA n TCTG n TCTA 3TA TCTA 3TCA TCTA 2TCCA TA TCTA n 12 41 2 187 243 JOEAmelogenin X p22 1 22 3Y p11 2 107 113 JOEDye tags EditThe primers are tagged with the following fluorescent dyes for detection under electrophoresis 5 FAM JOE NEDThe primers for each locus are arranged on the dyes in the following order from low molecular weight to large molecular weight 5 FAM D3 VWA D16 D2 JOE Amelo D8 D21 D18 NED D19 THO FGAThe dyes to which each primer is attached differ from those of the original SGM DNA profiling system Example SGM Plus profile EditThe SGM Plus profile of subject GT36865 from a National Institute of Standards and Technology paper is given below 3 SGM Plus profile of subject GT36865 4 Locus Allele valuesFGA 22 22TH01 6 7VWA 14 16D2S1338 19 24D3S1358 17 17D8S1179 13 14D16S539 9 13D18S51 13 16D19S433 14 15D21S11 30 30Amelogenin XXAn SGM Plus profile retrieved from a DNA database would just list the allele values 5 15 18 6 9 11 13 22 22 31 32 2 14 17 17 20 11 12 13 16 3 15 16 XYEach value is the number of tandem repeats within the allele A non standard repeat is designated by the number of complete repeat units and the number of base pairs of the partial repeat separated by a decimal point Probability of Identity EditThe probability of identify also known as the random match probability is the probability that two individuals selected at random will have an identical genetic profile Applied Biosystems estimates the probability of identity for SGM Plus to be approximately 1 in 13 trillion for African Americans and 1 in 3 3 trillion Caucasian Americans 6 The Human Genetics Commission has reported that the random match probability is in the region of 1 in a trillion However it stated When the SGM Plus profiling system was first introduced there was agreement within the scientific community that identifications with match probabilities lower than one in a billion would not be quoted in the courts of law so as to avoid overstating the value of the DNA evidence to take into account that match probabilities are only estimates and to make sure that the figure used was one that was meaningful to non specialists 7 The UK Crown Prosecution Service states SGM Plus DNA profiling is very discriminating between individuals The probability of obtaining a match between the profiles of two unrelated individuals by chance is very low of the order of 1 in a billion However it has not yet been possible to carry out the required statistical testing to be able to quote this match probability and in practice a more conservative chance match figure of 1 in 1 000 million is used 8 See also EditDNA profiling National DNA databaseReferences Edit http www cstl nist gov strbase pub pres Butler2006JFS coreSTRreview pdf bare URL PDF http www cstl nist gov strbase pub pres Butler2006JFS coreSTRreview pdf bare URL PDF For the Record PDF a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help http www cstl nist gov biotech strbase NISTpopdata JFS2003IDresults xls bare URL spreadsheet file NPIA Basic Facts FAQs Archived from the original on 2010 03 03 Retrieved 2010 03 02 AmpFlSTR SGM Plus PCR Amplification Kit User s Manual PDF pp 14 12 Human Genetics Commission Nothing to hide nothing to fear p 49 PDF Report The Crown Prosecution Service B4 Adventitious chance DNA Matches External links EditShort Tandem Repeat DNA Internet DataBase AmpFlSTR SGM Plus PCR Amplification Kit User s Manual Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Second Generation Multiplex Plus amp oldid 1135200800, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
