Abu ʿUthmān al-Ḥakam ibn Abī al-ʿĀṣ ibn Umayya (Arabic: الحكم بن أبي العاص; died 655/56), was the father of the founder of the Marwanid line of the Umayyad dynasty, Marwan I (r. 684–685), and a paternal uncle of Caliph Uthman (r. 644–656). He was known as a staunch opponent of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was consequently exiled when the latter captured their hometown of Mecca in 630. He was later pardoned by Uthman.
Al-Hakam married Amina bint Alqama ibn Safwan al-Kinaniyya after she was divorced by his half-brother Affan ibn Abi al-As.[2] She gave birth to al-Hakam's son, Marwan, who became the Umayyad caliph in 684-685 and the progenitor of all successive Umayyad caliphs.[2] Al-Hakam fathered at least twenty, but probably over thirty children from four different wives and a number of slave women.[3] Besides Marwan, Alqama was the mother of al-Hakam's eldest son, Uthman al-Azraq, and al-Harith, Abd al-Rahman, Salih and daughters Umm al-Banin and Zaynab. His second wife, Mulayka bint Awfa of the Banu Murra clan of the Ghatafan tribe, was the mother of his sons Yahya, Aban, Uthman al-Asghar, Habib, Amr and daughters Umm Yahya, Zaynab, Umm Shayba, Umm Uthman and Umm Salama.[4] His third wife, Umm al-Nu'man bint al-Harith ibn Abi Amr of the Banu Thaqif tribe, gave him sons Nu'man, Aws, Suhayl, and Amr, and daughters Umm Aban, Umama, Umm Amr and Umm al-Hakam. His Qurayshite wife, al-Ba'itha bint Hashim ibn Utba ibn Rabi'a of the Banu Abd Shams was the mother of his son Yusuf. [5]
Life
Al-Hakam was known to have staunchly opposed the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was thus exiled by the latter from Mecca to the nearby town of Taif.[6] According to the history of 9th-century historian al-Tabari, Muhammad later pardoned al-Hakam and he was allowed to return to his hometown.[7] However, in the history of 9th-century historian al-Yaqubi, al-Hakam was allowed to return to Mecca by his nephew, Caliph Uthman ibn Affan (r. 644–656), after his petitions to return were rejected by the previous two caliphs, Abu Bakr (r. 632–634) and Umar (r. 634–644).[8] Uthman showed special favor to his kinsmen and he symbolically honored al-Hakam, along with his Umayyad relatives Abu Sufyan and al-Walid ibn Uqba and Banu Hashim member al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, by allowing them to sit on his throne in Medina.[9] Al-Hakam died in 655/56.[10]
Donner, Fred (2014). "Was Marwan ibn al-Hakam the First "Real" Muslim". In Savant, Sarah Bowen; de Felipe, Helena (eds.). Genealogy and Knowledge in Muslim Societies: Understanding the Past. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN978-0-7486-4497-1.
Humphreys, R. Stephen, ed. (1990). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XV: The Crisis of the Early Caliphate: The Reign of ʿUthmān, A.D. 644–656/A.H. 24–35. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN978-0-7914-0154-5.
Madelung, Wilferd (1997). The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN0-521-56181-7.
Sears, Stuart D. (March 2003). "The Legitimation of al-Hakam b. al-'As: Umayyad Government in Seventh-Century Kirman". Iranian Studies. Taylor & Francis. 36 (1): 5–25. doi:10.1080/021086032000062587. JSTOR 4311489. S2CID 161094119.
Gordon, Michael (2018). The Works of Ibn Wāḍiḥ al-Yaʿqūbī (Volume 3): An English Translation. Brill. ISBN978-90-04-35619-1.
Marsham, Andrew (2022). "Kinship, Dynasty, and the Umayyads". The Historian of Islam at Work: Essays in Honor of Hugh N. Kennedy. Leiden: Brill. pp. 12–45. ISBN978-90-04-52523-8.
March 25, 2023
hakam, ʿuthmān, Ḥakam, abī, ʿĀṣ, umayya, arabic, الحكم, بن, أبي, العاص, died, father, founder, marwanid, line, umayyad, dynasty, marwan, paternal, uncle, caliph, uthman, known, staunch, opponent, islamic, prophet, muhammad, consequently, exiled, when, latter, . Abu ʿUthman al Ḥakam ibn Abi al ʿAṣ ibn Umayya Arabic الحكم بن أبي العاص died 655 56 was the father of the founder of the Marwanid line of the Umayyad dynasty Marwan I r 684 685 and a paternal uncle of Caliph Uthman r 644 656 He was known as a staunch opponent of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was consequently exiled when the latter captured their hometown of Mecca in 630 He was later pardoned by Uthman Al Hakam ibn Abi al AsPersonal detailsBornMeccaDied655 56SpouseAmina bint Alqama ibn Safwan al KinaniyyaRelationsList Umayya ibn Abd Shams grandfather Affan ibn Abi al As brother Abu Sufyan ibn Harb cousin Uthman nephew ChildrenMarwanAl HarithYahyaAbd al RahmanAbanHabibUbayd AllahUmm al Banin daughter ParentAbu al As ibn Umayya father Contents 1 Family 2 Life 3 References 4 BibliographyFamily EditAl Hakam was the son of Abu al As ibn Umayya of the Banu Abd Shams and Ruqayya bint al Harith of the Banu Makhzum both parents clans belonging to the Quraysh tribe of Mecca 1 His paternal grandfather was the progenitor of the Umayyad family Al Hakam married Amina bint Alqama ibn Safwan al Kinaniyya after she was divorced by his half brother Affan ibn Abi al As 2 She gave birth to al Hakam s son Marwan who became the Umayyad caliph in 684 685 and the progenitor of all successive Umayyad caliphs 2 Al Hakam fathered at least twenty but probably over thirty children from four different wives and a number of slave women 3 Besides Marwan Alqama was the mother of al Hakam s eldest son Uthman al Azraq and al Harith Abd al Rahman Salih and daughters Umm al Banin and Zaynab His second wife Mulayka bint Awfa of the Banu Murra clan of the Ghatafan tribe was the mother of his sons Yahya Aban Uthman al Asghar Habib Amr and daughters Umm Yahya Zaynab Umm Shayba Umm Uthman and Umm Salama 4 His third wife Umm al Nu man bint al Harith ibn Abi Amr of the Banu Thaqif tribe gave him sons Nu man Aws Suhayl and Amr and daughters Umm Aban Umama Umm Amr and Umm al Hakam His Qurayshite wife al Ba itha bint Hashim ibn Utba ibn Rabi a of the Banu Abd Shams was the mother of his son Yusuf 5 Life EditAl Hakam was known to have staunchly opposed the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was thus exiled by the latter from Mecca to the nearby town of Taif 6 According to the history of 9th century historian al Tabari Muhammad later pardoned al Hakam and he was allowed to return to his hometown 7 However in the history of 9th century historian al Yaqubi al Hakam was allowed to return to Mecca by his nephew Caliph Uthman ibn Affan r 644 656 after his petitions to return were rejected by the previous two caliphs Abu Bakr r 632 634 and Umar r 634 644 8 Uthman showed special favor to his kinsmen and he symbolically honored al Hakam along with his Umayyad relatives Abu Sufyan and al Walid ibn Uqba and Banu Hashim member al Abbas ibn Abd al Muttalib by allowing them to sit on his throne in Medina 9 Al Hakam died in 655 56 10 References Edit Marsham 2022 pp 21 23 a b Donner 2014 p 106 Marsham 2022 p 23 Marsham 2022 pp 23 24 Marsham 2022 pp 24 25 Humphreys 1990 p 227 n 48 Humphreys 1990 p 227 Gordon 2018 p 799 Madelung 1997 p 109 Sears 2003 p 10 Bibliography EditDonner Fred 2014 Was Marwan ibn al Hakam the First Real Muslim In Savant Sarah Bowen de Felipe Helena eds Genealogy and Knowledge in Muslim Societies Understanding the Past Edinburgh University Press ISBN 978 0 7486 4497 1 Humphreys R Stephen ed 1990 The History of al Ṭabari Volume XV The Crisis of the Early Caliphate The Reign of ʿUthman A D 644 656 A H 24 35 SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies Albany New York State University of New York Press ISBN 978 0 7914 0154 5 Madelung Wilferd 1997 The Succession to Muhammad A Study of the Early Caliphate Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 56181 7 Sears Stuart D March 2003 The Legitimation of al Hakam b al As Umayyad Government in Seventh Century Kirman Iranian Studies Taylor amp Francis 36 1 5 25 doi 10 1080 021086032000062587 JSTOR 4311489 S2CID 161094119 Gordon Michael 2018 The Works of Ibn Waḍiḥ al Yaʿqubi Volume 3 An English Translation Brill ISBN 978 90 04 35619 1 Marsham Andrew 2022 Kinship Dynasty and the Umayyads The Historian of Islam at Work Essays in Honor of Hugh N Kennedy Leiden Brill pp 12 45 ISBN 978 90 04 52523 8 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Al Hakam ibn Abi al As amp oldid 1139498168, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
